Osteonecrosis is defined as the death of bone due to interruption of the blood supply to the bone. Kienböck’s disease is osteonecrosis of lunate bone as a result of heavy repetitive loading on wrist. We planned to present a 39-year-old patient having pain, swelling and limitation of range of motion (ROM) in right wrist, because Kienböck’s disease should be into account in differential diagnosis of such patients. X-ray of the right wrist of patient demonstrated sclerosis, cystic appearance and irregularity in lunate bone. Irregularities, loss of volume and diffuse low-intensity appearance were observed in lunate bone on T1-weighted MR images. T2-weighted fat-saturated MR images demonstrated diffuse hyperintensity in the same areas which is suggested bone-marrow edema. These findings were determined as the changes with related osteonecrosis of the lunate bone. Resting splint and antiinflammatory treatment were given to the patient. The patient was consulted to the department of orthopedics and traumatology. Patient refused operation. Pain, swelling and limitation of ROM of the patients improved after 3 weeks. In conclusion, Kienböck’s disease should be into account in the differential diagnosis of patients having pain, swelling and limitation of ROM in wrist. (From the World of Osteoporosis 2009;15:26-8)

The aim of this study was to investigate the effectsof vitamin C supplementation on the liver enzymes andplasma lipids in footballers and basketball players followingthree weeks of training and vitamin C supplementation.Materials and methods: A total of 20 volunteer malesportsmen were included. Blood levels of urea, creatinine,aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase(ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase(LDH), total cholesterol (T.Col), high density lipoprotein(HDL-C), low density lipoprotein (LDL-C), very low densitylipoprotein (VLDL) and triglyceride before exercise (BE),were measured and the groups were undertaken a 10-minute exercise. After exercise (AE), their values were measuredagain and they given 1 g/day vitamin C. Three weekslater their BE and AE parameters were measured.Results: In footballers, after the vitamin C supplementationelevated AST, ALT, ALP and LDH in AE were found comparedwith BE (P<0.001), while blood urea dropped (P<0.05). Inbasketball players, the AE values of the AST, ALT and ALPbefore and after the supplementation of vitamin C werehigher compared to those of BE (P<0.001). After the vitaminC administration, higher urea (P<0.05) and lower LDL(P<0.001) levels of BE and AE were found. In basketballplayers levels of blood urea and AST were found to be elevatedcompared to footballers both before and after exercise(P<0.001) while LDH dropped (P<0.05) following vitaminC and HDL-C levels were higher in all sportsmen comparedwith BE. In basketball players LDL-C and triglyceridelevels decreased with vitamin C (p<0.01).Conclusion: Vitamin C supplementation increased HDLClevels both in footballers and basketball players. Inbasketball players, LDL-C, triglyceride and LDH levels decreasedby vitamin C administration. J Clin Exp Invest2011; 2(1):62-68

In this paper we estimate the effects of inflation uncertainty on output gap in Turkey using monthly data for the 1986 - 2006 period. Since it includes both high and low inflationary periods, the said period offers a good sample for assessing the effects of uncertainty on output. The results suggest that inflation uncertainty had negative and statistically significant effects on output both in high inflation and disinflation periods. Our findings imply importance of stabilising inflation at low levels for economic growth.

The ultimate purpose of this study is to associate the cost control and the competitive advantage at the hotel enterprises of Marmaris. In accordance with this purpose, the employees of the accounting departments have been conducted a survey and the results have been analysed. Chi-square, frequency table and t-test analysis are used at the analysis of data. The result of this study shows that when the number of hotel’s stars owned increased, used food and beverage and labor cost control methods seem to differ. And that most of the 2 and 3-star hotels could not compete because of they do not give too much emphasis on cost control, compare their costs with other businesses etc.

<p>Abstract</p><p>Changing process on basis of globalization and neo-liberalism in higher education, work and employment conditions of academics also changes. Intervention to the nature of academics as a profession group and new debate to the proletarianization of labour as well as forms of academic labour employment have insecurity and precarious character adds new topics to debating of academics. The group which is one of the new types of employment in the form of flexible working life, claimed that most exposed to these conditions among all white-collar occupational groups is young academic candidates who are need to live doctoral process which is very painful, and to obtain title. The subject of study is to open the possible conditions of employment of young academic candidates under employing Faculty Development Program which aims to meet the needs of staff in the new established universities up for discussion. The study focus on uncertainty, build with three important contexts which providing to clear up the problematic and get a coherent image: Actors are candidates for academic in the process, the administrator (s) in organizational context, and, the Council of Higher Education as regulatory in macro context. In that context, the main research question is clarified in this way: "what kind of future the system ÖYP as a form of employment which is valid for candidates apply to the program is confronted candidates with?” the discussion which will expand around that question, concerns academics as a profession class but also has been accepted as a labor controversy. A number of qualitative methods are used to accomplish the purpose of the study. In the study “OYP meeting point group” in Facebook was chosen as a place of academics for contact. In the 30 -day accession process was being to try to understand basic problems of OYP and analyze acting as one of the OYP members. In order to see reflection of OYP in new universities, was being made in-depth interviews with administrators are "deans and managers" level. As a result, known as guarantee of staffing, but constantly renewed because imperfect setup of the arrangements is OYP, offers a view that push working life of the candidates to uncertainty, conditional and critical.</p><p> </p><p>Özet</p><p>Yükseköğretim alanında neo-liberalizm ve küreselleşme temelinde meydana gelen değişim nedeniyle, akademisyenlerin çalışma ve istihdam koşulları da değişime uğramaktadır. Bir meslek olarak akademisyenliğin doğasına olan müdahale ve bu bağlamda emeğin proleterleşmesi tartışmalarının yanı sıra akademik emeğin istihdam edilme biçiminin de giderek güvencesiz ve belirsiz bir niteliğe bürünmesi, akademisyenleri yeni bir tartışma konusu haline getirmektedir. Esnek çalışma yaşamının biçim verdiği yeni istihdam türlerinde yer alan, beyaz yakalı gruba katıldığı ileri sürülen bu meslek grubundan, söz konusu koşullara en çok maruz kalan kesim ise sancılı doktora sürecini yaşamak ve unvan elde etmek zorunda olan genç akademi adaylarıdır. Bu noktadan hareketle çalışmanın amacı, yeni üniversitelerin personel ihtiyacını karşılamak amacıyla güncellenen Öğretim Üyesi Yetiştirme Programı (ÖYP) kapsamında ataması yapılan genç akademisyen adaylarının istihdam koşullarını ve bu koşulların olası sonuçlarını tartışmaya açmaktır. Belirsizliği odağa alan çalışma, sorunsalın aydınlanmasını ve bütünlüklü bir görüntüye ulaşmayı sağlayacak üç önemli bağlamla kurgulanmaktadır: Sürecin aktörü olan akademisyen adayları, örgütsel bağlamda yönetici(ler) ve makro bağlamda kural koyucu sıfatıyla YÖK. Çalışmanın amacını gerçekleştirmek üzere bir dizi nitel yöntem tekniğinden yararlanılmaktadır. Öncelikle ÖYP’nin yasal yürütme sürecindeki belirsiz işleyiş ile başlayan analiz, ikili bir değerlendirme ile devam etmektedir. Öncelikle, adayların program hakkındaki değerlendirmeleri, “Facebook” ÖYP Buluşma noktası grubunun sanal etnografi yöntemiyle gözlemlenmesiyle sunulmuştur. Bu kısım, yeni üniversitelerin talepleri doğrultusunda şekillenen ÖYP’yi yorumlayan “yeni üniversitelerde dekan ve müdür” düzeyindeki yöneticilerle derinlemesine mülakatlarıyla karşılaştırmalı bir perspektif kazanmıştır. Sonuç olarak kadro garantisiyle gündeme gelen, ancak düzenlemelerin aksak kurulumu nedeniyle sürekli yenilenen ÖYP’nin, süreçte belirsizliği yeniden üreten bir nitelik kazandığı ve adayları, yeni esnek çalışma biçimlerine yönelten daha büyük bir sistemin parçası olduğu anlaşılmıştır.</p>

The aim of this prospective study was to analyze the rate characteristics of acute poisonning adults admitted to Departments emergency and hospitalized in Department of internal medicineAll cases of acute poisoning admitted to Dicle University Hospital, between, 2005 and 2006, were included in study. Clinical, laboratory, and demographic characteristics, type of poison and patient’s outcomes were recorded.Eighty poisoning cases included in the study. The mean age was 23±8 years and the majority of the patients (75%) were in 15-25 years of ages. 85% of acute poisonings were self-inflicted. Medical drugs overdose were the major cause (62.5%) of intoxication followed by agricultural chemicals (35%). The most frequently involved medicinal drugs were psychiatric drugs (20%) and paracetamol (17.5%). There was a high rate of suicides attemp in groups of young singles, females, crowded families, patients with low education status, and patient living in cities.

This research was conducted to determine the effects of sunflower-wheat-sunflower commonly cropping system in Thrace, wheat-wheat-wheat system having single crop in recent years and sunflower-peanut-wheat new cropping system with three crops on total micro organisms number at different soil depths. Analyses were made on soil samples taken from at different six depths with 10 cm intervals in the second year (2002) and third year (2003). As the results, the effects of cropping systems, soil depth and their interaction on character were significant while year had no significant effect. Total micro organisms numbers were changed between 0.4x106 and 175.35x106. The system with peanut had the highest numbers for all depths while the cropping system with wheat and sunflower had the lowest numbers. It is observed negatively effects of sunflower on micro organisms number. The highest numbers depend on soil depth in all systems were found between 10-20 cm. Total micro organisms number sharply decreased with deepen after 20 cm. In addition, the results showed that it is needed to development new applications such as adding organic fertilizer or micro organisms and controlling methods with new cropping systems for improving soil liveliness as soon as possible.

The language teaching process should not only be restricted with the teacher’s own observations and experiences, but also be based on the scientific and theoretical information. In this research found that communicative approach a big impact in last twenty years language teaching to Turkish teaching to foreigners is dealt with. The activities that have been developed to apply in teaching to foreigners Turkish writing and speaking skill according to communicative approach. The aim of the study is a modern approach to communicative language teaching approach, writing and speaking activities to provide alternative activities to prepare teachers to Turkish teaching to foreigners. Communicative approaches to language teaching techniques used in creating activities (group work and pair work, drama, improvisation, role-playing, simulation, problem solving, communication games) are used.

Endovascular treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysm repair is increasingly being used today. We report a 72-year-old male patient who underwent open surgical repair due to separation of IntuTrak Powerlink XL (Endologix) endovascular stent graft four months after endovascular intervention for abdominal aortic aneurysm with 9.5 cm diameter.

This article is intended to identify supplementary payment systems based on performance in health services provided by public hospitals via revolving fund revenues. For this purpose, all relevant legislation about the regulation of performance-based supplementary payment system in health services was examined in detail. Health legislation analysis is exemplified. A simplified method is followed to help physicians and health care workers to grasp the issue in detail with examples. The performance management implemented for additional payments from revolving funds in hospitals is considered as payments given for every procedure performed by physicians and nurses. In fact, only 50% of the hospitals’ monthly income is distributed according to some conditions, no matter how much procedure is done. The packages in Health Care Implementation Notification do not include expenses of depreciation, electricity, water, heating and etc. 50% of the total amount of the revolving fund is multiplied by the hospital’s quality factor; the resulting amount is distributed to health personnel. The average score is taken for all physicians working in the hospital for making an additional payment of performance. Although there are not performance-based payment systems in Family Medicine Center and the Community Health Center yet, in the near future it is expected to be put in practice at least for some applications.

<p>Özet<br />Girişimcilik, en genel anlamda içinde bulunulan ekonomik koşullar altında ortaya çıkan fırsatları risk alarak değerlendirip bunlardan değer yaratma faaliyetidir. Girişimcilik kültürü; geleneksel yaşam biçimi olan tarım ve hayvancılığın aksine mal ve hizmetlerin üretilmesi için yeni bir organizasyonun kurulması ve üretilen ürün ve hizmetlerin pazarlanması olarak özetlenebilecek ticareti önceleyen, parasal faaliyetlerin yoğunlaştığı, yeni iş imkânları yaratıp yeni statüler doğuran bir kültürdür. Bu bağlamda sınır ticareti de uygun ekonomik koşulların oluşmasında oldukça önemli rol oynamakta ve sınırın her iki tarafında yaşayan halklar için girişimcilik kültürünün doğmasına yol açan önemli ekonomik uğraş alanları yaratmaktadır. Bu araştırmanın ana amacı sınır kapılarının girişimcilik kültürü üzerine etkisini araştırmaktır. Diğer sınır olmayan komşu yerleşim yerlerinden çok daha fazla sayıda girişimciye sahip olmaları dolayısıyla spesifik olarak Iğdır İl’i, derinlemesine mülakat ve anket yöntemi kullanılarak ekonomik gelişmenin çok önemli unsurlarından olan girişimcilik kültürü ile sınır kapıları arasındaki korelasyon bağlamında incelenmiştir. Bu yerleşim yerinde sınır kapıları kaynaklı yaratılan ticari aktiviteler oldukça yoğun gözlemlenmektedir.</p><p>Abstract<br />Entrepreneurship, in the most general sense, is a value-creation activity assessing the emerged opportunities by risk taking in the curren teconomic circumstances. Entrepreneurl culture unlike the traditional ways of life which are agriculture and livestock breeding is a culture that preceedes the trade which can be summarized as the purchase and sale of goods, intensifies financial activities, creates new business opportunities and gives rise to new statutes. In this context, border trade also plays an important role in the formation of the appropriate economic conditions and creates important economic activities that lead the emergence of an entrepreneurial culture for the peoples living on bothsides of the border.The main purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of the bordergates on the entrepreneurial culture. Having many more entrepreneurs than other neighboring settlements which are not at the border, specifically the province of Igdir was investigated in the context of correlation between entrepreneurial culture, a very important element of economic development, and border Gates by using the methods of in-depth interviews and questionnaires. In the settlements of these two, commercial activities are very intense due to the bordergates.</p>

Accurate assessment of self-reports of sexual behaviours are vital to the evaluation of HIV prevention and family planning interventions. This investigation was to determine the cross-cultural suitability of the Condom Use Self Efficacy Scale (CUSES) for Ghana. A survey using a sample of 520 aged 17 to 32 years from Ghana completed the anonymous scale. A Principal Component Analysis identified a 14 item scale with four reliable factors labelled Appropriation (Cronbach alpha=.85), Assertive (Cronbach alpha=.90), Pleasure and Intoxicant (Cronbach alpha=.83), and STDs (Cronbach alpha=.81) that altogether explained 73.72% of total variance. The scale correlated well with a measure of actual condom use (r=.73), indicating evidence of construct validity. The factor loadings were similar to the original scale but not identical suggesting relevant cultural variations. The study therefore cautioned researchers against the use of the original CUSES without validation in African settings and contexts<br />

Aim: Pneumothorax knows a common clinical problem. Mini axillary thoracotomy major indication is pneumothorax surgery, allowing easily apical resection and pleurectomy with excellent longterm results. Herein, we describe our experience with the axillary thoracotomy for the treatment of pneumothorax. Material and Methods; A total of 56 cases underwent mini axillary thoracotomy with the diagnosis of primary spontaneous pneumothorax in our department between 1996- 2008. Fifty four of the cases were males (96.5%) and two (3.5%) were females with a mean age of 28.2 (17-43). Twenty-nine cases (51.7%) had right pneumothorax and 27 (48.3%) left pneumothorax. Results: We performed apical wedge resection and apical pleurectomy in 33 cases (59%), bullae ligation and apical pleurectomy in 23 cases (41%). Four patients evelopped morbidity. There was no mortality. Median hospital stay was 4.5 day (3-8). During 13 years follow up recurrens was not detected. Conclusions: A mini axillary thoracotomy was short hospital stay, cosmetically acceptable was not recurrence. A mini axillary thoracotomy is a good choice when a spontaneous pneumothorax requires surgery due to excellent results for the patient.

Hemimegalencephaly (HME) is a rare cortical developmental anomaly that can be defined as abnormal neural and glial proliferation localized to all or part of a cerebral hemisphere. Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC), is an autosomal dominant, multisystem disease that involves most frequently the central nervous system, skin, heart, kidneys, eyes. Herein, we reported the magnetic resonance imaging findings of an unusual case of focal megalencephaly with TSC.

<p>Searches in 2012 have been conducted in order to determine the ruins of Hypaepa, to form its plan and its spread area, but its immediate surrounding and transportation connections have been evaluated in 2013. Hypaepa is a city in ancient Lydia draws attention in terms of its geographical position and its important ruins that belong to Persian period. In respect of the date of establishment, it believes that Achaemenid Period had been formed in the effect of a temple of Anahita culture and solemn area. In particular, Artemis-Anaitis (Anahita) depictions on Hypaepa coins indicate that it has an importance as a center of worship of the emperor. Some studies related to the ancient city’s transport system have been carried out during the surface studies in Hypaepa and its around in the summer of 2013. Some observations have been made by walking on the southern slopes of Tmolos from Sardis to Hypaepa and some remnants of a narrow road have been found. The descending road through the slopes on Little Meander bears city’s acropolis. This short road between Ephesus-Sardis has a certain importance against all obstacles and challenges. In the second part of our study, the system that lies from Hypaepa to the west has been focused and some observations in Üzümlü Village in the west of the ancient city have been made. Hypaepa which is cross roads of the roads that lie through the north of Kaystros Plain has a strategic location on Little Meander Valley. Sardis in this location is located on the route from Ephesus in the west, Dioshieron and Neikeia in the east. Moreover, the city must be considered as an important centre on the Persian Royal Road system because of its location and sanctuaries of Persian Anahita which mentioned by ancient writers.</p><p><strong>Özet: </strong></p><p>Bu çalışmada 2012 yılından itibaren araştırılmaya başlanan Hypaipa Antik Kenti ve Çevresi Yüzey Araştırmalarında gözlemlediğimiz güzergah bağlantıları ile ilgili yeni tespitler üzerinde durulmaktadır. İonia isyancılarının yürüdüğü Ephesos-Hypaipa ve Sardeis arasındaki yolun rotası üzerine çeşitli görüş ve tespitler halen mevcuttur.Tarafımızdan yapılan çalışmalarda ise bu hattın Üzümlü-Hypaipa arasında kalan alandaki durumu aydınlatılmaya çalışılmıştır. Üzümlü Köyünün doğusundaki kuzey-güney doğrultulu Rahmanlar Çayı üzerinde bulunan tek göz kemerli üç köprünün Hypaipa’ya ilerleyişte önemli bir yeri olduğu açıktır. Nitekim bu örneklerden ortada yer alan köprüden olasılıkla Hypaipa istikametine uzayan doğal bir geçit bağlantısı izlenebilir durumdadır. Arazi gözlemlerimizde buradan devam eden güzergahın, ince uzun ve çok yüksek olmayan engebeli bir alanda kesildiğini ve buradaki dar bir boğazdan aşılabildiğini saptadık. Büyük olasılıkla burada antik dönemde bataklık ve sazlık durumda olan alanların katedilmesi Tmolos’un yüksek eteklerinde izlenen bir rotayı zorunlu kılmış olmalıdır. Kaystros Ovasının kuzeyine uzayan yolların bir kavşak noktası olarak Hypaipa, doğu küçük Menderes Vadisine hakim stratejik bir konuma sahiptir. Bu konum kuzeyde Sardeis, doğuda Dioshieron ve Neikaia, batıda ise Ephesos’tan gelen rotanın buluştuğu bir noktadadır. Ayrıca olasılıkla kent, barındırdığı Pers Anahita kutsal alanları nedeniyle de Kral Yolu ağı üzerinde önemli bir uğrak merkezi olarak değerlendirilmelidir.</p>

Biyokimyasal reaksiyon sistemleri farklı reaksiyonlar aracılığıyla etkileşime giren birçok farklı türü içerir. Sistem içerisinde yer alan türlerin sayıları ve miktarları çok yüksek olduğunda, diferansiyel denklemlere dayanan saf modelleme yaklaşımları çok boyutluluktan muzdarip olurlar. Eğer bir sistem korunumlu döngüler içerirse, bazı türlerin miktarları cebirsel bağlantılar yoluyla elde edilebilir bu da sistemin dinamiklerini temsil eden diferansiyel denklemlerin boyutunu düşürür. Bu çalışmada, biyokimyasal reaksiyon sistemlerinde yer alan korunumlu döngüleri elde etmek için Gauss-Jordan metodunu kullanan bir nümerik algoritma öneriyoruz. Algoritmayı stokastik modelleme yaklaşımında konum vektörünün tam realizasyonlarını elde eden Direk Metod (DM), İlk Reaksiyon Metodu (FRM) ve Sonraki Reaksiyon Metodu (FRM) içerisinde verdik. Bu üç algoritmayı korunum bağıntılarını içerecek/içermecek şekilde farklı boyutlardaki biyokimyasal sistemlere uyguladık ve her tam lagoritmanın farklı iki versiyonunun hesaplama miktarları kıyasladık.

Bu çalışmada klasik Pareto dağılımının şekil parametresi için shrinkage tahmin yöntemi ile en çok olabilirlik tahmin edicisi ve sapmasız tahmin edici kullanılarak, bu tahmin edicilere göre daha küçük hata kareler ortalamasına sahip sapmalı tahmin ediciler önerilmiştir. Daha sonra, Pareto dağılımının şekil parametresinin sapmasız tahmin edicisi, en çok olabilirlik tahmin edicisi ve elde edilen sapmalı tahmin ediciler simülasyon çalışması yardımıyla karşılaştırılmış ve sonuçlar yorumlanmıştır.

Multiple sclerosis is an inflammatory demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system with a wide spectrum of clinical signs and symptoms. Multiple sclerosis lesions have a predilection for the optic nerves, periventricular white matter, brainstem, spinal cord, and cerebellum. The mechanisms responsible for multiple sclerosis are complex and heterogeneous across patients and disease stages. No specific markers exist for the definite diagnosis and prognosis of multiple sclerosis. The afferent visual pathway, which extends from the retina to the primary visual cortex including the optic nerve, is one of the most commonly affected sites in multiple sclerosis (94-99%). Pathology of affected optic nerves exhibits inflammation, demyelination, gliosis, axonal injury, and thinning of the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL). The RNFL is composed of unmyelinated axons, and measuring RNFL thickness is a viable method to monitor axonal loss reflecting disease progression. Optical coherence tomography is a noninvasive and reproducible tool in assessing the impact of multiple sclerosis on the thickness of the RNFL. Assessment of the afferent visual pathway using clinical, imaging and electrophysiological methods provides insights into the pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis and may also serve a prognostic role in multiple sclerosis.

SUMMARY Objective: It was observed that inflammation plays an important role in the progress of atherosclerotic vascular disease. This study is intended to indicate that, in oxidative and inflammatory medium, the course of the atherosclerotic process can be determined by the imbalance between Interleukin-12 (IL-12) and Transforming Growth Factor-beta1 (TGF-β1) with a view to evaluate the effects of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines on the course of the atherosclerotic coronary artery disease. Method: 80 patients, who applied to cardiology outpatient clinic for typical chest pain, to whom coronary angiography was applied upon the detection of ischemia as a result of the effort test or myocardial perfusion scintigraphy conducted, and each of whom is exposed to at least one traditional risk factor for atherosclerotic coronary artery disease, were included to the study. Findings: The patients were split into three groups as those, in whom atherosclerosis was not detected, those, for whom atherosclerosis prevalence is low, and those, for whom atherosclerosis level is high, according to the CASS 20 scores. It was observed that, as the atherosclerosis prevalence increased; average serum IL-12 levels (3,33±0,15 / 9,70±0,22 / 23,60±0,46 pg/ml) increased while average serum TGF-β1 levels, (32,1±0,59 / 18±0,28 / 6,74±0,42 ng/ml), decreased. Conclusion: It was indicated that, in oxidative and inflammatory medium, the course of the atherosclerotic coronary artery disease was determined by the dominant cytokine on the intima of the related vascular segment. Keywords: IL-12, TGF-β1, atherosclerosis

Aim: The aim of this study was to compare the surgical procedures for the treatment of stress urinary incontinence and to define which method is more effective and safe. Methods: Records of the patients who were treated for stress urinary incontinence between April 2003 and December 2010 were evaluated. Patients who underwent tension-free vaginal tape (TVT) and transobturator tape (TOT) procedures, and Burch colposuspension were compared for evaluating the efficacy of the operation. Chisquare test and Fischer’s Exact Test were used for categorical variables; continuous variables were analyzed by using student’s t-test. A p value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Follow-up records of 97 patients were analyzed for this study. TVT was the most frequently used anti-incontinence procedure (n=39, 40.2%) followed by TOT (n=34, 35.1%) and Burch (n=24, 24.7%). The mean preoperative and postoperative International Consultation on Modular Questionnaire (ICIQ) scores were 16.4±2.01 and 4.68±5.6, respectively (p=0.0001). There was no significant difference between the operations according to subjective evaluation. The subjective cure/improvement rate for Burch was 87.5%, and was 74.3% and 88.2% for TVT and TOT, respectively. Conclusion: There were no significant differences between Burch, TVT and TOT for long-term efficacy. Surgical procedure should be chosen based on surgical experience and presence of additional surgical procedure. (The Me di cal Bul le tin of Ha se ki 2012; 50: 122-6)

A services trade, which has increasingly got important and a subject of trade due to improvements in knowledge and communication technologies, has been one of the important sources of economic growth for many countries. In this study, the effect of services trade on economic growth for country groups classified according to their development levels has been empirically investigated using panel data techniques for 1980-2007. The results reveal that while the coefficient which shows the relationship between services trade and economic growth is insignificant for developed countries, it is found significant for developing countries and for the whole sample which comprises both country groups. However, it is also observed that this effect is larger for developing countries which have higher services trade shares.

&nbsp;Arcus aortae develops originating from the fourth left brachial arch in embryonic life. It is between ascending aorta and descending aorta and at the site where brachiocephalic arteries originate. Normal (left) arcus is located on the left of trachea and seen as a round opacity in left upper border of mediastinum on poster-anterior chest graphies. Typically, it forms a notch on left border of trachea. Arcus aortae dexter is reported to be the most common arcus aortae anomaly. A postero-anterior (PA) chest graphy was obtained from a 32-year-old female patient who was admitted to emergency department due to blunt chest trauma. A contrasted computed tomography of thorax was performed as enlargement in superior mediastinum and aortic knob dextroposition were detected. On thorax CT, ascending aorta, arcus aortae was observed to be located in right hemithorax and on the right of trachea (Images 1,2). As respiratory function tests were normal in the patient who had exertion dyspnea before the accident, she was informed and followed up. Arcus aortae dexter and accompanying anomalies should be kept in mind in patients who admit with symptoms of pressure on superior mediastinum and persistent cough .

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 27pt; text-align: justify; mso-pagination: none; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman TUR&quot;;"><span style="font-size: small;">It is known that systematic power walking reduces the heart rate and blood pressure, and that a one-hour walk burns 400 calories in average.</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 27pt; text-align: justify; mso-pagination: none; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman TUR&quot;;"><span style="font-size: small;">The aim of the study is to examine the effect of walking exercises on the aerobic capacity, body fat rate and blood values of sedentary women. An eight-week walking program is regularly applied to the subjects 3 days a week. The aerobic capacities, body fat rates, body mass index and blood values of the subjects are measured both before and after the walking exercise in the study.</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 27pt; text-align: justify; mso-pagination: none; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman TUR&quot;;"><span style="font-size: small;">While, after the eight-week walking exercise, significant decreases (p&lt;0.05) in weight body fat rate and body mass index, aerobic capacity, and glucose HDL LDL values are seen in comparison with the first measurements, no significance (p&lt;0.05) in hemoglobin, erythrocyte, leukocyte, cholesterol, triglyceride values has been observed.</span></span></p><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman TUR&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: TR; mso-fareast-language: TR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">In conclusion, it is found out that walking exercises improve aerobic capacity positively and thus statistical differences in some blood parameters, body fat rate and body mass index occur with the increase of oxygen inhaled</span>

Kağıt, plastik ve alüminyum malzeme katmanlarından oluşan kompozit kartonlar özellikle sıvı gıdaların muhafazası için tercih edilen bir ambalaj türüdür. İlk olarak süt için tasarlanan ve geliştirilen kompozit kartonlar, günümüzde sütün yanı sıra pek çok gıda ve içeceğin ambalajlanmasında yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. Kullanım sürecini tamamladıktan sonra atık halini alan kompozit içecek kartonlarının geri dönüşümünde ise ciddi sıkıntılar bulunmaktadır. Özellikle ülkemizde bu tür atıkların geri dönüşümünün sağlanması sınırlı olarak yapılmakta, bu atıkların büyük bir kısmı depolama alanlarına gönderilmektedir. Bu nedenle bu atıkların yönetimine yönelik öncelikli bilimsel çalışmaların yapılarak, uygun yönetim alternatiflerinin uygulamaya aktarılması ihtiyacı doğmuştur. Bu çalışmada, atık kompozit içecek kartonlarının değerlendirme yöntemleri ve süreçleri araştırılarak bu yöntemler sonucunda elde edilen ürünler ile kullanım alanlarının belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Recycling Methods of Composite Beverage Carton Waste Composite cartons which consist of paper, plastic and aluminum, are used in packaging of drinks. However composite cartons are designed and developed for the milk packaging, now days it has been widely used in packaging of many food and drink. There are serious problems in recycling of composite cartons. Since recycling of packaging wastes is limited in Turkey, most of the packaging waste is been landfilled. Therefore, primarily there has been a need to scientific studies done about the management of packaging wastes and implementation of appropriate packaging waste management alternatives. In this study, detailed and technical data about recycling of composite beverage cartons has been obtained from the previous studies, printed - digital databases, company, Environmental Agency and web pages. The project about the Management of Packaging Wastes has been carried out in coordination with ISTAC Co. in 26 districts in İstanbul. Every step including public training to acceptance of packaging waste to recycling facility has been observed. Many analyses are done to determine the amount and character of waste. Technical reports are presented about the results of the technical visits to waste collecting-separation and recycling facilities. The data presented in the study is obtained from the project about Management of Packaging Wastes which is done between in 2005-2012. Wafer board production is the simplest and cheapest recycling method of packaging wastes where the separation of components cannot be done by handling. First step of recycling of packaging waste is the recovery of %75 paper by hidropulper method. An extra recovery process should be done for recycling of aluminum and plastic. Many technologies such as pyrolysis, gasification and plasma are been investigated as alternative recycling methods for recycling of packaging wastes. Since there have been some regulations regarding the certification of packaging waste management. Even the amount of the packaging waste is less than %1 of the solid waste, an assessment for packaging wastes has been vital. However recycling of packaging waste has started with wafer production by using simple physical processes, now days many complex methods are developed. Unfortunately none of the new Technologies has been used in Turkey. With the adaption of appropriate technologies to our country and new investments as a result of investigation of new Technologies will provide an economical benefit while reducing the environmental impact. This study aims to create awareness for composite packaging waste in following researches and studies

<p>Özet<br />Dünya üzerinde uluslararası ticaret her geçen gün gelişmektedir. Küresel pazarlardaki yoğun rekabet ortamında işletmeler kar marjlarını arttırmak için ticari bakış açılarında ve yöntemlerinde değişiklikler yapmaktadır. Toplam maliyetlerin düşürülmesi ve zaman faktörü açısından, günümüzde üreticiler tarafından lojistik hizmetlerin önemi daha iyi anlaşılmaktadır. Bu doğrultuda üreticilerin talepleri lojistik işletmelerinin operasyonlarına da etki etmektedir.<br />Lojistik işletmelerinin müşterilerine rekabet avantajı oluşturacak bir taşıma fiyatı sunabilmesi için finansal durumlarını analiz etmeleri ve maliyetlerini kontrol altında tutmaları gerekmektedir. Taşıma maliyetlerinin düşürülmesi ile birlikte çevreye verilen zararın azaltılması için tüm taşıma türlerinin üstün yönlerinden yararlanarak birden fazla taşıma türünü bir araya getiren intermodal taşıma sistemi önem kazanmaktadır.<br />Bu araştırma kapsamında öncelikle intermodal taşımacılıkla ilgili temel konular açıklanarak, taşıma türlerinin entegrasyonunda etkili olan etmeler ortaya konulmaktadır. Lojistik işletmelerinin maliyet yönetimi hakkında bilgi verilmektedir. Intermodal taşımacılıkta taşıma maliyetlerinin analizine yönelik karayolu taşımacılığına alternatif olarak karayolu-denizyolu entegrasyonu üzerine güzergah maliyetlerinin karşılaştırılması açısından örnek bir uygulama yapılmaktadır.</p><p>Abstract<br />International trade globally develops day by day. In highly competitive global markets, companies make changes in their trading perspectives and methods in order to increase their profit margin. Currently, suppliers recognize the importance of logistics services better in terms of diminishing total costs and time factor. In this sense, demands of suppliers also influence operations of logistics companies.</p><p>Logistics companies are supposed to analyze their financial conditions and keep their costs under control for offering a transportation price that creates a competitive advantage to their customers. In order to decrease transportations costs and to minimize environmental damage, intermodal transportation that utilizes superior aspects of each transportation modality gains importance.</p><p>In the present study, firstly basic points of intermodal transportation are explained and factors that affect integration of transportation modalities are identified. Also, information is given on cost management of logistics companies. Moreover, in terms of analyzing transportation costs in intermodal transportation, a sample application is conducted for comparing route costs in road transportation and integration of road and maritime transportation.</p>

This study investigated if receiving cognitive and metacognitive reading strategy training explicitly would make a difference in the University preparatory class students’ reading comprehension. From the instructors’ aspect, the instructors’ views about and approaches to teaching reading strategies were investigated and compared with each other. 83 students and 4 instructors particapated to this mix-method study. Following the Solomon-four-group design the participants were divided into 2 research and 2 comparison groups. Data collection methods were pre-post reading comprehension test, CRSUS, MRSUS, TRSUS, self-evaluation checklists, interviews and classroom observations. The results of the study show that there is no significant difference in the reading comprehension of the comparison and research group students at the end of the term. For the instructors, the results indicate that the research group instructors had tendency to use more reading strategies. The paper concluded with implications and suggestions for the future research.

&nbsp;Osteoporosis after spinal cord injury is a well-known pathological consequence and it depends on many different factors like loss of mechanical integrity, hormone disregulation, bone trabecular dysfunction, malnutrition, and increase of osteoclast activation. Bone loss typically occurs below to level of the spine cord injury. Here we reported a case of vertebral osteoporosis occurs ten years after spine cord injury with very different radiological image. Osteoporosis has also reported by pathological study.

Though first appeared in 1971, digital book technology has evolved especially since 2000s and it is relatively a new research area. Therefore, to better understand this phenomenon, a quantitative survey research was conducted in 2015 spring term in a state university in Turkey. The objective of the study is to explain current state of digital books within post-graduate students’ perspectives and to identify post-graduate student’s perceptions, attitudes and preferences related to digital books. In this regard, this research presents results of the survey. A total of 135 post-graduate students responded the questionnaire. The data regarding use of digital books in addition to demographics was collected through an online questionnaire and the findings were analyzed through descriptive statistics. In this sense, post-graduate students’ use of digital books, purposes to use, preferred devices, and most used features of digital books were examined. In addition to these questions, reasons not to use digital books and post-graduate students’ future attitude whether to use digital books or not were further investigated. Additionally, research directions for future implications were provided.

Hepatosellüler karsinomun (HSK) intraperitoneal hemorajik rüptürü, ölümle seyredebilen bir komplikasyondur. Seçilmiş vakalarda ana tedavi seçenekleri cerrahi girişim ve arteriel embolizasyondur. Bu yazıda hepatosellüler karsinomun spontan rüptürü sonrası gelişen intraperitoneal kanamalı olgu sunulmuştur. Karın ağrısı ve hemorajik şok tablosunda dış merkezde acile başvurmuş 70 yaşında bir erkek hastadır. Karaciğerde intraperitoneal hemorajik rüptüre kitle nedeni ile sütür ile hemostaz ve packing ile ilk müdahalesi yapılan hasta daha sonra tarafımızca genel durumu ve vital bulguları düzeltilerek tekrar operasyona alınmış depacking sonrası karaciğer segment 4b rezeksiyonu ve kolesistektomi operasyonu yapılmıştır. Hastanın postoperatif dönemde patoloji sonucu iyi differansiye hepatosellüler karsinom olarak gelmiş olup bu olguda olduğu gibi yeterli tıbbi ve teknik ekipman olmadığında ilk cerrahi müdahale (sütürasyon ile hemostaz ve packing) sonrası ileri bir merkezde elektif cerrahi tedavi yaklaşımı da hayat kurtarıcı olabilir.

Purpose: Chronic Atrial Fibrillation (AF) is the most prevalent arrhytmia in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. In this study we aim to share our cryoablation experiences. Material and Methods: We performed 25 cryoablations during cardiac surgery in Adana Numune Education and Research Hospital between September 2013 and July 2014. Patients evaluated retrospectively. The operations were performed with the use of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and cold blood cardioplegia. Results: Fourteen mitral valve replacement, 7 aortic valve replacement and mitral valve replacement, 1 aortic valve replacement and tricuspid repair, 2 coronary artery bypass grafting, 1 coronary artery bypass grafting and aortic valve repair were applied. A -50-(-90) degrees of cryoprobe temperature was applied about 120 seconds. No complications developed in any of the patiens. Postoperative first day, first week, third month and after one year electrocardiography (ECG) of the patiens has evaluated. The corelation between preoperative left atrial diameter (M mode echocardiography) and postoperative first year atrial fibrillation has been investigated with corelation analysis. After one year controlls showed that 17 of 25 patient restored sinus rhytm and 8 of 25 patiens has still atrial fibrillation rhytm. Conclusion: Cryoablation using nitrous oxide based device for the treatment of atrial fibrillation has been applied recently and we consider that it is safe and effective. [Cukurova Med J 2016; 41(1.000): 8-12]

Aim: To determine the effects of reproductive factors on bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal women. Materials and Methods: A total of 1196 postmenopausal women with BMD (g/cm2) measurements at lumbar vertebra (LS) and femur neck (FN) were enrolled. Demographic, reproductive characteristics and Body Mass Index (BMI) of patients were defined. In order to define BMD related factors, multiple regression analysis was employed. Results: Main results were as follows: mean age= 59.97±8.56 yrs; weight= 73.49±13.06 kg; BMI= 29.25±5.22kg/m², age of menarche= 14.00±1.64 yrs; number of deliveries 4.22±2.09; total breastfeeding duration= 60.77±38.80 months; number of breastfeeding per day= 8.23±3.91; menopausal age= 47.12±4.22 yrs; duration of menopause= 12.80±9.10 yrs; LS BMD= 0.993±0.171 gr/cm2; FN BMD 0.844±0.14 gr/cm2. There were negative correlations between LS BMD and FN BMD values and age, menopause duration, total breastfeeding duration, and number of breastfeeding per day. There were positive correlations between LS and FN BMD values, and weight and BMI scores. Additionally, there were negative correlations between LS and FN BMD values, and age of menarche and number of deliveries. In linear stage regression analysis, weight, number of breastfeeding per day, postmenopausal duration, duration of total breastfeeding and age of menarche were defined as the most significant predictors for LS BMD, whereas weight, postmenopausal duration and number of breastfeeding per day were defined as the most significant predictors for FN BMD. Conclusion: LS and FN BMD in postmenopausal women are related to reproductive factors, so reproductive factors should also be considered in the evaluation of risk factors in postmenopausal women. (Turkish Journal of Osteoporosis 2012;18:8-12)

Enfeksiyon hastalıkları dünya üzerinde coğrafya, iklim koşulları, toplumun kültür düzeyi sosyoekonomik koşullar, yaşama ve beslenme düzeni ile yakın bağlantılar gösteren bir hastalık grubudur. [1] Araştırma 01.01.2000 - 31.12.2002 tarihleri arasında Muğla Devlet Hastanesi Enfeksiyon Hastalıkları Servisine yatışları incelemek amacıyla retrospektif olarak yapılmıştır. 01.01.2000-31.12.2002 tarihleri arasında Muğla Devlet Hastanesi Enfeksiyon Hastalıkları Servisine yatan 1044 hasta çalışmanın evrenini oluşturmuş, evrenin tümü örnekleme alınmıştır. Veriler cinsiyet, yaş, hastalık tanısı, hastanede kalış süresi, yaşanılan yerleşim yeri, meslek grupları, sosyal güvence durumları, enfeksiyon servisine aylara göre yatılar açısından değerlendirilmiş; değerlendirilmede frekans hesaplamaları kullanılmıştır. [2] Çalışmada, Enfeksiyon Hastalıkları Servisine yatıların incelenmesinde hastalıkların %52.68’inin bayanlarda olduğu; enfeksiyon hastalıklarının en sık %23.95 ile 10-19 ya grubunda görüldüğü; en sık rastlanan hastalık grubunun %62.26 ile sindirim sistemi enfeksiyonları, %11.97 döküntülü enfeksiyonlar ve %11.11 ile solunum sistemi enfeksiyonlarının olduğu; enfeksiyon hastalığı insidansının en fazla %12.07 ile Temmuz ayında iken, en az %4.9 ile Aralık ayında olduğu; en çok hastalık görülen grubun %30.84 ile ev hanımları, %21.17 ile öğrenciler ve %12.45 ile memurlar olduğu belirlenmiştir. [3]. Enfeksiyon hastalıklarının fazla görüldüğü gruplara yönelik eğitimler verilmesinin ve Muğla merkezde sindirim sistemi enfeksiyonlarının fazla görülme nedenlerinin araştırılarak koruyucu tedbirler alınması konusunda çalışmaların yapılmasının yararlı olacağı düşünülmektedir

...

Aim: This reports presents the results of a recent survey on the condition of pathology laboratories in Turkey based on a written questionnaire.Materials and Methods: We have submitted a survey that consisted of 68 questions to 250 various pathology laboratories throughout Turkey. We received 84 responses that were reviewed and analyzed.Results: We have determined the total number of pathologists, pathology technicians, and administrative support for each category of laboratories, and the overall numbers were found to be lower than universally recommended. We have identified significant challenges in the number and the distribution of the pathology material reviewed and processed by residents. The time of retention and archival of pathology material were done in various forms, but there were no adopted limit standards. The available space in most laboratories were insufficient and fell below the accepted international norms. The number and the type of equipments, and conventional histochemical techniques positively correlated with the total number of surgical specimens.Conclusion: Our findings underline serious and significant issues concerning pathology laboratory work area, equipment, and staffing. These deficiencies point to the need for standard national guidelines for each type of laboratory, and the results of our survey can aid in the preparation of such guidelines. These guidelines will be instrumental in establishing a national quality assurance program that can address the needs unique to our country. Such an effort should be the mission of the Federation of Turkish Pathology Societies, and all Turkish Pathology Societies.

In this article, different approaches about perception of woman and marriage in mystic tradition which constitute the esoteric/inner dimension of Christianity and Islam will be discussed. The concept of woman has always occupied the agenda of both revealed or man-made religions and different philosophical schools. As a result of the socio cultural situation that religious people/believers live in, the customs, education and the traditional patriarchal family structure, it is an undeniable fact that the believers have incorrect perception of woman even if it does not arise from the origin of revealed religions. The purpose of this paper is to learn how the problem has been dealt with in primary sources of both religions and how it has been dwelt upon by sufis and mystics.

Book Review

<div class="page" title="Page 1"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span>Siyasette markalaşma, günümüz siyaset ortamında gerekli bir hale gelmiştir. Rekabet, siyasal ortamda artmıştır. Birçok aktörün yer aldığı siyasal ortamda, ‘aday bazlı markalaşma’ gereği ön plana çıkmıştır. Markalaşma, farklılaşmanın, hedef kitlede bir farkındalık yaratmanın gereğidir. Bunun bilincinde olan siyasal liderlerin çoğu ‘siyasette markalaşma’ yoluna gitmişlerdir. Bu çalışmada amaç, markalaşmanın siyasal iletişim açısından gerekliliğini ve önemini ortaya çıkarmaktır. Bu bağlamda, 2014 Cumhurbaşkanlığı Seçimlerindeki adayların her birinin siyasal marka olarak konumlandırılmasının analizi, çalışmayı desteklemesi açısından yapılacaktır. Partilerin iletişim faaliyetleri, parti programları, lider profilleri gibi kavramlar siyasi adayın konumlandırmasında önemli etkenlerdir. Bu nedenle, adayların konumlandırma analizi, bu etkenler göz önüne alınarak yapılacaktır. </span></p></div></div></div>

<span style="color: #515151;">Even though studies have shown unequivocally that the coefficient of friction of self-mated silicon nitride can be quite low in water, the basic phenomena responsible for such a low friction is still controversial. In this investigation the effects of load, speed, and surface roughness on the duration of the run-in period for self-mated silicon nitride in water was studied. Although the results are consistent with proposed mechanisms involving mixed hydrodynamic lubrication by water and boundary lubrication by colloidal silica, an alternate mechanism is suggested. The friction and wear tests were conducted using a pin-on-disk tribometer. The surface roughness of the disks was measured with an atomic force microscope (AFM) scanning several areas 50x50 µm in dimensions. For a test on a lapped surface at 5 N and 120 mm/s, the coefficient of friction is seen to decrease from an average of 0.45–0.01 after 600 min. It is proposed that the low friction could be also related to fundamental interactions between two hard and elastically deforming surfaces covered with hydrogen-terminated oxide films.</span>

<strong><em>Araştırmada, ölçüm araçlarının tutarlı olarak belediye hizmetlerinden memnuniyeti ve başarıyı ölçüp ölçmediği iç tutarlılık katsayısı olan Cronbach belirlenmiştir. Ölçüm araçlarının memnuniyet ve başarı açısından hedef kitlenin algıları doğrultusunda asal bileşenler yönetimi ile önemleri belirlenmiştir. Hedef kitlenin genel memnuniyetini etkileyen unsurların (kamu hizmetlerinin) neler olduğu korelasyon ve çoklu regresyon modeli oluşturularak saptanmıştır. Kamu hizmetlerinden genel memnuniyet, belediye başkanının başarısı, halkla ilişkiler bölümünün başarısı ile hedef kitlenin özellikleri arasındaki ilişkiler, hedef kitledeki özelliklerin ölçek seviyelerinin farklılıkları nedeniyle farklı ilişki katsayıları ile belirlenmiştir. Nominal (sınıflayıcı) ölçek seviyesindeki hedef kitle özellikleri için Cramer V katsayısı, interval (aralıklı) ölçek seviyesindeki hedef kitle özellikleri içinse Pearson’ın Korelasyon katsayısı kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada yerel yönetimlerde belediye başarısını ve genel memnuniyeti etkileyen en önemli unsur olarak “belediyenin sorunlara çözüm üretmesi” olduğu bulunmuştur.-</em></strong><div><p><strong><em>In the study </em></strong><strong><em>consistency of measurements means with </em></strong><strong><em>success and satisfaction of municipal services Cronbach's</em></strong><strong><em> </em></strong><strong><em>coefficient is determined as an internal consistency coefficient. In accordance with the target group's perception, importance of the measurement tools in terms of satisfaction and success are determined by principal components method. The factors that affect the overall satisfaction of the target group have been determined by multiple regression and correlation models. Overall satisfaction, the success of the mayor, relationship between the successes of the public relations department with the properties of the target group's is determined by different relation coefficient</em></strong><strong><em> because of differences in scale levels of the features in the target group. In this study it has reached as a most important factor which effects the municipality’s success and general satisfaction of citizens “solving the problems of citizens”.</em></strong></p></div>

Çevre sorunlarının temel nedenlerinden biri de artan tüketim ve israftır. tüketim, günümüzde israf kavramınının dışında tutulur hale gelmiş, sosyalleşmenin, mutluluğun göstergesi olarak görülmeye başlamıştır. İsrafın temel nedenleri arasında tüketimin bir yaşam biçimi olarak görülmesi, ben merkezci yaklaşım, mülkiyetin mutlaklaştırılması başta gelmektedir. bunun yanında çevre sorunlarının nedenleri arasında gelişmemiş ülkelerdeki nüfusun gösterilmesi dikkat çekmektedir. Çünkü nüfus oranının az olduğu bazı ülkelerdeki tüketim, soruna neden olarak gösterilen nüfusun tüketiminden kat kat fazladır. İslam’ın teshir ve emanet anlayışı da israf ve lüks (gösteriş ve prestij amaçlı) tüketimi reddeder. İsraf ve lüksün yasaklanması da çevre sorunlarının temel bir nedenini önlemektedir. Consumption, Population And Environment Problems: Disproportionate Equation Environment problems that are increased recently necessitate studying relation between human and nature. In this issue, the illustrating of the present population and population growth as a major factor of environment problems is a misconception. Whereas, consumption of minority group of the world has been exceeding multiplex the volume of the consumption of others people. This study examines the consumption inequalities between different social strata.

Tuberosclerosis (TS) is an autosomal dominant neurocutaneousdisease characterized with the triad of mentalretardation, epilepsy and adenoma sebaceum. The mostcommon affected organs are skin, brain, heart, eyes andkidneys whereas all organs can be involved. A 40-yearoldmale patient admitted to our clinic with a complaintof acrochordons in his neck and diagnosed with tuberosclerosis.The dermatologic signs of this rare disease arepresented and discussed with recent literature. J Clin ExpInvest 2013; 4 (1): 130-133Key words: Multiple acrochordons, tuberosclerosis, angiofibroma

Objectives: Myocardial dysfunction in patients with hearth failure is suggested to occur due to membrane changes caused by oxidative stress. The aim of this study is to evaluate whether there is a relationship between the degree of hearth failure and oxidative stress, and the effect of hearth failure therapy on oxidative stress parameters.Materials and methods: We measured enzyme activities of catalase (CAT) and lipid hydroperoxide (LOOH) from blood samples of 67 patients with decompensate hearth failure (pre-treatment group), who have compensated with the treatment (post-treatment group, n=54) according to clinical findings and two-dimensional echocardiography and 47 healthy volunteers (control group).Results: We found CAT enzyme activities of patients with pre- and post-treatment groups were significantly lower than in control subjects (15.76±2.28 U/L; 17.36±1.55 U/L; 20.50±2.52 U/L, respectively, p<0.0001). LOOH enzyme activities of pretreatment group was also significantly higher than in control group (10.89±3.83 μmol H2O2 Eqv./L; 6.09±0.85 μmol H2O2 Eqv./L respectively, p<0.0001). In the same way, LOOH enzyme activities of posttreatment group was higher than pretreatment group and this was statistically significant (18.77±5.42 μmol H2O2 Eqv./L; 10.96±3.72 μmol H2O2 Eqv./L respectively, p<0.0001).Conclusion: As a result of our study, oxidative stress increased in patients with decompensated heart failure and compensation treatment also showed increased oxidative stress. J Clin Exp Invest 2011; 2 (3): 267-272.

Pulmonary embolism is a clinical entity, which are appeared as a result of obstruction of pulmonary arteries due to deep vein thrombosis. In this study, we aimed to present and to discuss in the foresic medicine that a post-traumatic pulmonary embolism patient who a young man were suffered pulmoner embolism due to simple trauma. A 32 years old male was presented in this study. There was any disease. he felt the pain on the right knee in during fight, while as the separation of a person. The line fracture on tibia lateral condyle was detemined in MRI of right knee. And a splint was done his right the lower extremity at the hospital. Five days later, he felt chest pain and dyspnea because of pulmonary embolism. It was identified with CT due to immobilization and the necessary treatment was performed. After the treatment, he was discharged with parenchymal fibrotic amendment in the lower lobe of his lung. As a result, we believe that needs to be discussed and evaluation of different aspects these phenomena in terms of forensics when reporting.

The English military operation on 25 April 1915 gained speed in short time due to the insufficient Ottoman military forces. They moved off toward Conkbayr straightforwardly, when the Ottoman military forces of battalion who landed for observation against military operation started to fall back. The 27th regiment, moved with its two battalions from Maydos, succeeded to stop the English military forces in the line of Kanlsrt-Krmzsrt. This is the 27th regiment Ottoman force which make first operation against English forces under the leadership of efik Aker. This line will have control until the second military operation on 6 August 1915 Due to the north part of Gallipoli became mountainous; it was not easy to lose this line. Therefore this first day combat was significant. It can be said that the operation of the 27th regiment in north and the operation of the 57th regiment on 25 Nisan 1915 determined the runs of the Gallipoli Campaign in the north front.

In this study, three dimensional, unsteady, laminar boundary layer equations of a general model of nonNewtonian fluids are treated. In this model, the shear stresses are considered to be arbitrary functions of velocity gradients. A general boundary value problem modeling the flow over a moving surface with suction or injection is considered. Using Similarity Analysis, we showed that equations admit scaling transformation for the arbitrary shear stress case. The specific forms of the stress functions where richer scaling symmetries exist are derived. We reduce the three-independent-variable partial differential system to two-independent-variable partial differential system. Using further translation symmetries of the outcoming equations, the boundary value problem is successfully reduced to an ordinary differential system.

The aim of this study is to determine science student teachers’ misconceptions and lack of knowledge on the occurrence of natural electrification such as lightning, thunderbolt and thunder in order to provide suggestions for conceptual development. For this study data was collected from 127 science student teachers’ attending undergraduate and graduate program at Faculty of Education in Adıyaman University during spring semester in 2009-2010 academic year. In order to determine students’ misconceptions and lack of knowledge a questionnaire involving 3 open ended question was used. The students’ answers to the questionnaire were assessed by grouping their similarities. According to assessment results, it has been found that students’ have misconceptions and lack of knowledge on the occurrence of natural electricity in the atmosphere. The results of this study was also supported by the studies have been done on this subject.

Aim: One of the most common causes of low back pain is lumbar disc herniation (LDH). One of the treatments for patients with LDH is a surgical operation. Changes in the lumbar lordosis angle have a negative impact on patients, clinically. The significance of changes in the lordosis-sacral inclination angle that are associated with muscle spasms and are seen after LDH surgery is known. In this study, we would like to examine the clinical impact on patients due to changes in the lumbosacral angle measured before and after surgical operations in patients with LDH. Material and Method: Between 2005%u20132007, preoperative and postoperative lumbosacral angles of 139 patients operated on for a diagnosis of lumbar disc herniation were measured. Patients were evaluated with the Oswestry Scale, Visual Analogue Scale, Narcotic Score, and Patient Satisfaction Evaluation. Lumbar lordosis angle, sacral inclination angle, and disc height were calculated by direct radiography. Statistical analysis was performed with GraphPad Prisma V.3 software package. Results: In this study, increases of lordosis angles and sacral inclination angles have been observed, postoperatively. It has been shown that these have a positive impact on the clinical course. Discussion: The clinical effects of the biomechanics of angles of patients with LDH are clear. Biomechanical parameters should be considered at preoperative treatment, postoperative treatment, and postoperative controls. The patient%u2019s lordosis angle, neighboring disc structure, and relationship with the sacrum must be carefully evaluated for surgical decision.

Old Oğuz Turkish is a unique accent in category of Orta TurkishPeriod's historical accents. It had started to be shaped in XI. century.According to general agreed it completed it's own evolution process inXV. century. This accent is considered as a source from the ground upfor Standard Turkey Turkish which is being used today. Therefore, theymust be starting point first; pieces remained in Oğuz Turkish Period,while solving fonetic, morphologic, syntactic and semantic problemsabout today's Standard Turkish Turkey.In this article, at first, term specialisation (~Ger. Spezialisierung,Pezialisierung, Fr. Spécialisation, Eng. Specialisation, Rus.СПЕЦИАЛИЗАЦИЯ) known as a pass of a substantive unit to anarrower content, is handled according to it's place in semanticstheoritically. Then, words -their meaning size were narrowed by specialisation- are given with testimony in works remained from theperiod which is from Old Oğuz Turkish till today's actual Turkey Turkish. <br> <br> Eski Oğuz Türkçesi, XI. yüzyılda teşekkül etmeye başlayan, genel kabule göre XV. yüzyılda gelişimini tamamlayan Orta Türkçe devresinin tarihî şiveleri arasında apayrı bir yeri olan şivedir. Bu şive, bugün kullanmakta olduğumuz Standart Türkiye Türkçesine her yönüyle kaynaklık teşkil eder. Bu sebeptendir ki, bugün Standart Türkiye Türkçesinde fonetik, morfolojik, sentaktik ve semantik alanda karşılaştığımız pek çok soru ve sorunların aydınlatılmasında, hareket noktamız ilkin Eski Oğuz Türkçesi dönemine ait eserler olmalıdır. Bu makalede, ilkin anlamlı bir birimin içeriğinin daha dar bir kapsama geçmesi diye bilinen ve anlam daralmasının bir alt başlığı olarak kabul edilen özelleşme (~Alm. Spezialisierung, Pezialisierung, Fr. Spécialisation, İng. Specialisation, Rus. СПЕЦИАЛИЗАЦИЯ) terimininanlam bilimi eksenindeki yeri teorik olarak ele alınmıştır. Sonra, özelleşme yoluyla anlam boyutu daralan kelimeler, Eski Oğuz Türkçesinden günümüz Türkiye Türkçesine kadar taranılan eserlerdeki tanıklamalarından hareketle verilmiştir.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the KPSS from pre-service teachers’ perspectives. The sample consisted of randomly selected 539 undergraduate students from Faculty of Education, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, and School of Physical Education and Sports at Afyon Kocatepe University. Data were collected through the “Questionnaire Form for Evaluation of the KPSS”. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, t- tests, ANOVAs, Kruskal-Wallis-H and Mann-Whitney-U tests. Results showed that pre-service teachers thought education they have received was not sufficient so that they have felt a need of exam preparation in private teaching institutions. Furthermore, test anxiety was found to affect achievement at a university negatively. Also, pre-service teachers expressed not only cognitive skills of pre-service teachers, but also different criteria should be considered for recruitment. Hence, to pre-service teachers, KPSS can not measure cultural knowledge, aptitude, and pedagogy. Pre-service teachers also have had some doubts about its objectivity.

This research in the interpersonal relationships of children (8 - 17 years) engaged in active sports exhibitions examining the distortions in terms of several variables, it aims to reveal the reflection of sport. It is a descriptive study. The research samp le was active in the province of Antalya 132 children who attend sports clubs constitute. Research for the group 'Hamamcı' and 'Büyüköztürk' developed by "Interpersonal Cognitive Distortions Scale" is used. The minimum point obtained from the scale 19, the maximum score is 95. In the study, the scores obtained from the scale in terms of personal characteristics in comparison percentage, T and F test was used. In this study, obtained from the scale total score 53.01 ± 9.79; complaints - avoidance subscale of 1 7.92 ± 5.13; unrealistic expectations of relationships 26.48 ± 6.44; mind reading ± 2.86 8.61. By sex and total scores obtained from the scale - avoidance symptoms; In terms of age groups and mind - reading unrealistic expectations in relationships; According to the sub - dimensions of mind - reading is interested in sports, a significant difference was found (p<0,05). Interested in team sports, parents who are university graduates, the economic situation is good, especially the boys 10 - 11 age group; cognitive dis tortions in human relations partly been shown to exhibit.

Spontaneous subconjunctival intraconal herniated orbital fat is a rare clinical condition. The common approach to herniated orbital fat treatment is excise the “excess fat”. This paper discusses the possible explanations for spontaneous herniated orbital fat and offers a newly detailed surgical technique of relocating and repression rather than excision in a case. (Turk J Ophthalmol 2013; 43: 208-10)

One of the most basic purposes of Turkish Language teaching is to improve the writing skills of students. In this scope, writing is one of the main issues focused on, being studied from primary school first class until high-school final class. During formal training, students perform various writing studies on many topics. This research, aiming to improve the story-writing skills of primary school 7th grade students by way of various writing activities, was carried out at Ankara Elmadağ Kurtuluş Primary School and Keçiören Orhan Gazi Primary School. 109 seventh grade students from these schools participated in the study. Using the preliminary test - final test control group experimental method, students in the experiment group performed story-writing activities for four weeks, for a total of thirty hours in this research. Control group students carried out the lessons with conventional procedures. It was seen that experiment group students had significantly higher final test points than their preliminary test points, except for three items (coherence, spelling and punctuation). It was also seen that experiment group students had significantly higher final test points than the final test points of control group students, except for three items (paragraph and line breaks, spelling and punctuation). When story-writing skills of students were compared in terms of total points; experiment group students’ final test total point averages were found to be significantly higher than control group students’ final test total point averages. This result shows that the students, who had the training, wrote more accomplished stories that those who did not get the training.

The province of Sivas, at the end of 19th century, was formedfrom the sanjaks of Sivas, Amasya, Tokat and Sark-i Karahisar(Sebinkarahisar). Its population was more than one million. It wasbeing formed from Muslims 75 % and Non-Moslems 25% of thispopulation. The most of Non-Moslem population was The Armenians.We see The Greeks in the second part.It wasn’t any intervened fort he education-teaching of theminorities and missionaries by the central government until the lastquarter of the century, especially U.S.A and England wanded toincrease their supporters among The Non-Moslem population to reachtheir aims in The Middle East. These states gave importance theeducation-teaching activites to reach their purposes. Especially, TheOttoman Government used effort to take measures hardly as proppedthe severe control against the foreign schools because of being givensupport for the foundation and the actions of The Armenian TerrorOrganizations.In our study, principally, it was given the numerical dispersionof the rights and schools which were given in the field of theeducation-teaching for The Christian principles in the Province ofSivas. And then, it was examined the precautions of The OttomanGovernment by being investigated the roles of them in the differentrebellion and terror events.

Ders materyallerinin hazırlanması, ayrı bir uzmanlık ister. Öte yandan her öğretmen, materyal hazırlama ilkelerinden haberdar olmalı, gerektiğinde bu ilkeler doğrultusunda kendi materyallerini hazırlayabilmelidir. Materyal seçimi ve materyallerin yerinde kullanımı, başarıyı doğrudan etkiler. Bu sebeple materyal seçimi ve ne zaman hangi materyalden yararlanılacağı hususlarına da dikkat etmek gerekir. Bu çalışmada materyal geliştirme ilkelerinin neler olduğu açıklanmaya çalışılmış, bu ilkeler, Türkçenin yabancı dil olarak öğretimi açısından değerlendirilmiştir. Daha sonra materyallerin eğitim öğretim sürecindeki ve Türkçenin yabancı dil olarak öğretimindeki yeri ve önemi üzerinde durulmuştur.

To report a case of tumor invasion into the ipsilateral orbit/optic chiasm and into the contralateral optic nerve. A 51- year-old male who declared removal of his left eye ten years ago elsewhere, attended to our clinic for swelling of the left eyelids and pain. He was ophthalmologically and radiologically evaluated. A hyperpigmented mass was detected at the socket conjunctiva of the patient whose eyelids were swollen and hyperemic. Anterior and posterior segments of the right eye were normal, and the best corrected visual acuity was 10/10. On orbital computed tomography, the left orbit was found to be filled with mass. No intracranial invasion was detected. Exenteration was performed to the patient who had no systemic metastasis. Histopathological examination revealed malignant melanoma. Ten months later, the patient presented with sudden visual loss. Light perception was absent in the right eye. Optic nerve head was pale at fundus examination. No p100 wave was obtained from the right eye with visual evoked potentials. On orbital magnetic resonance imaging, a mass invading the optic chiasm and the right optic nerve was evident. When treated with appropriate methods, choroidal malignant melanoma with no extraocular extension has pretty good prognosis. When performing enucleation in patients with intraocular tumor suspicion, extra care should be spent not to make any unnecessary maneuver leading to extraocular spread. In the presence of extraocular dissemination, exenteration should be performed. (Turk J Ophthalmol 2011; 41: 194-6

Bu çalışmada, swap işlemlerinin de bir türünü oluşturduğu türev ürünlerinin niteliği ve türlerine ilişkin teorik bilgiler verilecek ve swap işlemlerinin ülkemizde yürürlükte olan vergi kanunları karşısındaki durumu değerlendirilmiştir.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the residual monomer leaching from two self-adhesive resin cements polymerized with Light Emitting Diode (LED) or halogen light curing unit. MATERIALS AND METHOD: Clearfil SA (group A, n = 48) and BisCem (group B, n = 48) cements were inserted in plastic moulds. Each group was further divided into two subgroups. Specimens were light cured with LED light curing unit (LCU) in group A1 and group B1 and halogen LCU in group A2 and group B2 for 20 seconds. The following compounds released from the samples stored in distilled water were analyzed: triethylene glycol-dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) and bisphenol A glycidyl methacrylate (Bis-GMA). Analysis of substances was performed with the use of high performance liquid chromatography, after 1 hour and 24 hour incubation periods. Factorial experimental design and independent t-test was used for statistical analyses. RESULTS: Self-adhesive resin cements released more Bis-GMA and TEGDMA when they were polymerized with LED LCUs (p<0.05). Difference between different time periods was not statistically significant (p>0.05). Clearfil SA cement released more Bis-GMA than BisCem (p<0.05). BisCem released more TEGDMA than Clearfil SA (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: The results of this study showed that the quantity of Bis-GMA and TEGDMA leached from self-adhesive resin cements was influenced by the type of LCU and by the type of self-adhesive resin cement.

This study is one of Turkey at the sea coast in Izmir and Ankara in other inland fisheries are conducted to determine consumer preferences. 306 people in Izmir and 405 people in Ankara were directly interviewed and the orginal data for the research was gathered. Survey data were anlyzed with using SPSS and Microsoft Excel software packages. According to the survey data; it is determined that individuals consumed mostly white meat at the rate of 81%, and consumed white meat at the rate of 19%. At least 46% of these individuals consume fish once a week at a minimum. It is determined that 83% of the individuals in Ankara consumed white meat, 17% consumed red meat. It is found out that at least 30% of these indiviudals consumed fish once a week at a minimum. Aquaculture products are highly important for the nutrition due to its being animal protein resource. In spite of the fast growing population and big problems seen in balanced diets, aquaculture products are not efficiently benefited. As a result of our country to increase fish consumption habits and consumption of fishery products on human health in the short and long term benefits should be explained. To this end, local governments and other regional organizations and institutions of the people in the area where the handle will be of interest to fisheries and should be in promoting.

</p><p align="justify">The baths has an important place in all the settlements since ancient times. Bath architecture which constitutes an important place in the history of architecture, revealed different functions with a different typology in separate nations and regions.<br />In Turkish culture, since bathing and cleaning always have a priority, baths are attributed a meaning in this way. Beside cleanliness, in many social events such as birth, marriage, and circumcision, Turkish baths which have an important wealth in the sense of being scene to these events appear us as the reflections of a deep-rooted culture. In some regions of Anatolia, the baths still maintain these functions in social life.<br />In this study, four mansion baths one of which is in the central city of Kayseri, two of which are in the village of Tavlusun and one of which is in the village of Germir have been surveyed. Two of Kayseri mansion baths were built as adjacent to Güpgüpoğlu mansion bath and Osman Çetin bath, and the baths belonging to Tavlusun Bektaşoğlu and Germir Sadık Çelen mansions were built separately.<br />The basic construction in baths is understood to be established upon the main places associated with bathing in the order of "dressing, warmness, hotness," with the installation part of "water tank and boiler room". The baths are examples of discrete plan types.<br />In this study, the mansion baths of Kayseri will be presented in some ways such as the independent locations of these baths in the houses or in the land, their building and topography relation, architecture and structural elements, decorative elements, plumbing and heating system and with the light of information to be obtained in this context, the place of Kayseri mansion baths in the Turkish bath architecture will be attempted to be determined.</p>

The aim of this study is to analyze the effects of cooperative learning on students’ science attitude and achievement. Sampling group of the survey consists of 74 students studying in 8th grade in primary school. This study has a pretest-posttest control group research design. Science success tests and science attitude scale were used as a data collection tool. Jigsaw, academic controversy, ask and learn together, team-game-tournament, team assisted individualization which are cooperative learning’s techniques were applied to the experimental group. The conventional method was applied to control group. The study was carried out 4 months. The result of this study showed that cooperative learning’s techniques which were used increased students’ science achievement. On the other hand, no change in terms of attitude has been seen in any group at the end of the applications lasting about four months. It’s thought that it resulted from the fact that applications of this isn’t enough long to influence attitude and students’ attitude levels are also high enough.

Epidermolysis Bullosa (EB) is characterized by the presenceof extremely fragile skin and painful blister formationsin the skin. We present the anesthetic managementof 15-years-old, twin sisters with EB during the syndactylyoperation. Premedication was done with 0.5 mg/kg nasalmidazolam. Anesthesia induction was performed withsevoflurane without touching the facial masks to the skin.After intravenous 2 mg/kg ketamine and 50 μg fentanyl,anesthesia was maintained by intravenous 1 mg/kg/hrketamine and 0.1 μg/kg/min remifentanil. We injected 2mg intravenous morphine for postoperative pain control.Ketamine with remifentanil seems to be effective, simple,and safe for airway management and practical way toprovide general anesthesia and analgesia of EB. J ClinExp Invest 2012; 3 (3): 395-397Key words: Epidermolysis bullosa, ketamin, remifentanil,anesthesia

AIM: This is done as a descriptive study with the purpose of evaluating the communication of female students with their mothers related to sexual issues, who are being educated in high schools in the municipal border of Sivas. METHODS: The universe includes 7202 female students who receive education in high schools in the municipal border of Sivas, sample covers 1045 students from this universe. Data was collected by using &#145;Personal Information Form&#146; and &#145;The Evaluating Form of Communication of Adolescent Girls with Their Mothers Related to Sexual Issues&#146; which is improved by researchers. Data is exhibited as frequency distribution and it is evaluated by using chi-square test. RESULTS: According to research findings, it was found that the communication between adolescent girls and their mothers about the subjects related to sexuality is not at the desired level. Mothers come third among the information resources from which the adolescent girls take information about subjects related to sexuality. The initial subjects that adolescent girls talk to their mothers are firstly menstruation (78.4 %), choosing a spouse (71.9 %), physical changes in puberty (68.0 %), flirtation (63.3 %) and engagement (60.2%). Additionally the initial subjects that adolescent girls do not talk to their mothers are; the structure and function of male organ (94.0 %), sexual relation (87.6 %), risky sexual behaviors (83.0 %), sexuality before marriage (78.6 %), ways of contraception (74.3 %), sexually transmitted infections (74.2 %). Mostly, adolescent girls indicate that the information about menstruation they take from their mothers is enough. CONCLUSION: According to findings obtained from researches, mothers have an important part among the sources that adolescent girls take information about the subjects related to sexuality, however, it is concluded that the communication between adolescent girls and their mothers about the subjects related to sexuality is not at the desired level. [TAF Prev Med Bull 2009; 8(1.000): 27-36]

We shall consider the case where a process {Zt} for an AR(1) belongs to one of two categories gave by two hypotheses p1 and p2 in this paper. These hypotheses specify that {Zt} has spectral density function f (w) and g(w) under p1 and p2 respectively. We can use I(f:g) as a discrimination function, if f(w) and g(w) are known. A numerical example will be given by using simulation for the normal and abnormal distribution cases in this study.

Objective: Aflatoxins are a group of mycotoxin with potent carcinogenic, teratogenic, mutajenic and toxigenic effects are produced by certain species of Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus and may occur in various agricultural commodities. When aflatoxin B1 contaminates the food of lactating animals, milk from these animals contains aflatoxin M1, the principal metabolite arising from biotransformation of aflatoxin B1 in liver and it is secreted into milk in the mammary gland. In this study we aimed to determination and investigattion of aflatoxin M1 concentrations in cheese samples by HPLC. Samples were obtained from various regions of Turkey (Urfa, Civil, Mihalıç, Otlu cheese and Kars cheddar; n=100).Method: Aflatoxin M1 concentrations in cheese samples determined by using HPLC-RP fluorescence system (λex=365 nm and λem=435 nm) which were consisted of Phenomenex, Nucleosil, 100 A, C18 (4.6x250 mm, 5μm) analytical column and mobile phase composition with water:acetonitrile (75:25 v/v) at 1 ml/min, 40 ºC).Results: Aflatoxin M1 was determined only ten samples of Urfa cheese, which were under the acceptable limits of dairy products. In the other groups of cheese samples (Civil, Mihalıç, Otlu cheese and Kars cheddar) Aflatoxin M1 was not determined.Conclusion: In this study, Aflatoxin M1 was determined only ten samples of Urfa cheese which were under the acceptable limits of dairy products. All other samples from different part of the country were suitable for human consumption.

Hydatid cyst generally is a protozoal infection primarily involving the lungs and liver. Primary intramuscularhydatid cyst is very rare without involvement of thoracic and abdominal organs and the incidence have been reported between 0.5% and 5.4%. Especially in endemic areas, muscle located cystic soft tissue masses, primary intramuscular hydatid cyst should be considered in differantial diagnosis. We aimed to present a rare iliopsoas muscle located primary intramuscular hydatid cyst case accompanied by imaging findings.

Objective: Kawasaki disease is a vasculitis that rarelydiagnosed in our country. In this study, it was aimed toevaluate clinical and laboratory findings and outcome in13 children with Kawasaki disease.Materials and methods: Diagnosis of Kawasaki diseasewas done based on its diagnostic criteria. Biochemicaltests and complete blood count were performed andacute phase reactants were measured. Urinalysis and infectioninvestigations were also done. Echocardiographywas performed to all patients. Intravenous immunoglobulin(IVIG, 2 g/kg) was given and acetylsalicylic acid (100mg/kg) was started to all patients.Results: Eight male and 5 female children were included.The mean age 3.3±1.6 years (range 1.5-7) and 12children were under 5 years of age. The mean diagnosisdelay duration was 14.2±10.6 days, median 14 days(range, 6-35) before admission to our hospital. There washigh fever in all patients, rash on body in 11/13 patients,lymphadenopathy in 9/13, desquamation at hand and feetin 5/13, conjunctivitis and oral mucosal changes in 5/11.Arthritis was found in 5/13, and convulsion and respiratorydistress in one each. Dilatation was found in maincoronary artery in 5/13 patients by echocardiography. Intravenousimmunoglobulin (IVIG) and acetylsalicylic acidwere given to all patients. Fever and other clinical andlaboratory abnormalities were healed in patients; however,coronary artery dilatation was persisted in two patientsdespite IVIG treatment.Conclusion: Diagnostic delay was frequently in Kawasakidisease due to rarity of the disease and coronary arterydilatation may not be healed always.Key words: Kawasaki disease, fever, vasculitis, coronary artery dilatation, IVIG treatment

This study aims to track insider trading activities prior to announcement of merger and acquisition deals in Istanbul Stock Exchange. 35 companies and 50 deals are examined for the period 2002 -2013 and significant average abnormal returns one months to twelve months prior to the dissemination of the related information are detected, indicating private information becoming public in some way. Abnormal price changes in M&amp;A deals in Turkey may call for closer monitoring, stricter legislations and more cautious investors in the market. Significant returns are detected but no evidence regarding with sectorial differences are found in terms of information leakage.

<p>Dans certains pays tel que l'Afghanistan, l'intégrisme religieux établit une véritable hiérarchie entre les deux sexes et fait en sorte que les femmes ne possèdent même pas le droit de parler.</p> <p>L'héroïne du conte, assurée par le manque de réaction de son époux comateux brise enfin le cadre du silence imposé par la société. Son mari deviendra pour elle sa "Syngué Sabour", cette pierre magique qui absorbe les douleurs et les souffrances des êtres humains.</p> <p>Le silence de l'héroïne ne signifie nullement l'acceptation et la résignation, il représente la meilleure parole jusque là inavouée.</p> <p>Dans notre étude, nous aborderons le silence en tant que valeur thématique, linguistique et psychologique pour mettre l'accent sur son pouvoir révélateur.</p> <p><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;">Les mots clés</span></strong>:</p> <p>femme – patience – guerre – religion – Afghanistan - silence</p>

Atherosclerosis is increasingly considered an immune system-mediated process of the vascular system. Autoantibodies, autoantigens, pro-inflammatory cytokines and infectious agents play a role in that process. Autoimmunity-related cardiovascular disease and atherosclerosis are important clinical problems. The reason for accelerated atherosclerosis in patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases remains unclear. Some cases of autoimmunity-related cardiovascular disease may be more related to thrombosis than atherosclerosis. Although, mechanisms causing the increased risk are not precisely clarified, a combination of traditional and nontraditional risk factors, including inflammation appears to be of importance. Further studies are needed to determine whether these autoimmune rheumatic diseases are also associated with accelerated atherosclerosis and its manifestations. J Clin Exp Invest 2010; 1(3): 232-234

Initial management of severely burned patient is similar with a trauma victim. Determination of airway patency, evaluation of respiration and circulation, early recognition of concomitant trauma has vital importance in burn patients. In the early phase, mortality mainly depends on missed or un-treated severe injuries or pathologies, but not burn injury itself.In patients that have TBSA greater than 15 %, fluid resuscitation should be started. In the first 24 hours, crystalloid solutions should be preferred. .Several formulas can guide fluid resuscitation; however the amount of fluid that is given to the patient should be individualized according to the patient’s need. (Journal of the Turkish Society Intensive Care 2011; 9 Suppl: 7-10)

Antalya, the most developed city of the Mediterranean Region, besides having natural beauty is a rich place in terms of its archeological and historical monuments as it has been a residence for centuries. Many historical civil architectural structures such as mosques, khans, tombs, caravansaries, Turkish baths, schools, board structures and shops form the historical identity of the city. Today, these historical structures being stucked in the city centre are in danger of being extinct. That the new city regulations ignore the historical atmosphere and a faster development has been in Antalya than that of Turkey makes this process faster. Also, the high prices of the areas in the city centre, the profound effect of social-economical change caused by technological advances on the physical structures and being amateurs on the preserving policies effect this process. That’s why it is essential for Antalya that its city atmosphere problems should be searched, by determining the features of recorded civil architecture structures, the problems should be found and in the light of this information, the necessary things according to today’s conditions should be done

This review aims to clarify the need of decreasing the environmental effects caused by human and draw attention to the increasing environmental effects of plastics wastes. Plastics consist of organic molecules with high density molecules or polymers. Main resources of plastics are the residue of oil rafineries. Several advantages of plastics, have increased the usage continuously. Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) is the most commonly used plastics. PET is used to protect food, drinking water, fruit juice, alcoholic beverage, and food packing films. By the increasing interest on the environmental effects of plastic wastes, concerns on the recyclable packing materials also grew up. Also the daily use of recyclable containers consisting PET have increased. There are five steps for recycling of plastics. These steps are; using large amounts of plastics, collecting them in a big center, classifying and sorting the plastics, reproducing the polymers and obtaining new products with melted plastics. Providing a healthy recycling of plastics, the consumers should have knowledge and responsibility. The consumer should know what he/she has to do before putting the plastics in the recycling containers. Recycling containers and bags should be placed near the sources of plastic wastes. Consequently, the plastic wastes and environmental problems they cause will be on the agenda in future. [TAF Prev Med Bull 2007; 6(4.000): 307-312]

The aim of the present research was to investigate the influence of emplo yees’ professional ethic on their knowledge sharing in the health insurance administration of Kermanshah province. The present research from the aim viewpoint was an applied research and from the method viewpoint was a part of the descriptive researches of the correlation type. The statistical research society included the entire employees’ of the health insurance administration of Kermanshah province, which in 2014 were functional in this organization and the total number of theirs was 114 people. The samp le volume with the assessment of statistical society and with the use of the Korjesi and Morgan table and for the sampling the simple random method with 90 people was selected. The measurement tool of professional ethic was the Kadousire (2009) and measure ment tool of knowledge sharing was the Bennett & Gabriel (2009). The statistical methods included the descriptive statistics and perceptive statistics (Kolmogorov - Smirnov, Pearson correlation and univariate and multivariate regression). The results showed that the professional ethic was effective on the employees’ knowledge sharing. Moreover, the entire dimensions of professional ethic (responsibility, honesty, justice and equity, contest and competitiveness, respect to a customer, sympathy with a customer and observance and respect in relation to the values and social norms) lead to the promotion of the knowledge sharing. On the other hand the employees’ responsibility had the highest influence on the knowledge sharing.

Development of the cultivated mushroom farming which began to be produced in the 1960s in Turkey, has been more faster in the Mediterranean region than other regions. The development of mushroom cultivation has began to seen Marmara and İç Anadolu regions in recent years. The mushroom production which is very important for human health and nutrition, has been changing year to year (sometimes increase, sometimes decrease) in the province of Ankara. The first private mushrrom cultivation company had been established in1963. Up to date, the number of private enterprises has changed over the years in Ankara. This study was carried out by doing a survey with an active 12 enterprises which the annual production capacity of 10-600 ton. The enterprises were visited and problems were determined during the cultivation. As a result of the study, It was observed that there are problems in production and marketing phases and with surface soil material

Pompa denildiğinde belki de ilk akhnnza gelen, santrifüj tip su poınpaları veya dalgıç pompalardır. Oysa yediğimiz çikolatadan tutun ellerimizi yıkadığımız sabunlar, ev ternizlik ürünleri, madeni yağlar, boyaJar, ldmyasallar, ağır yakıtlar ve benzeri akışkanlar pozitif deplasmanlı pon1palar ile transfer edilirler. Bu çalışma, pozitif deplasmanlı pompalaı·ın çahşn1a prensipleri, özellikleri, nasıl ve ne zaman kullanılacakları, santrifüj pompalar ile mukayeseleri, ve akışkanıara göre pompa seçimi konularında güncel bilgiler içermektedir

Aim: Our aim was to find out whether placement of the embryo transfer catheter guide through the cervical canal at the time of embryo expulsion influences pregnancy rates. Material and Method: We retrospectively compared in vitro fertilization (IVF) outcomes related to the placement of the embryo transfer catheter guide through the cervix. Subjects were divided into two groups: embryo transfers (ET) performed with the inner catheter alone through the cervical canal (n=55, Group 1) and transfers performed with the double catheter set through the cervix (n=58, Group 2). Results: A total of 113 ETs were carried out in women undergoing IVF treatment. Although the pregnancy ratio seemed to be higher among the transfers carried out with the inner catheter alone inserted through the cervix, no statistically significance for this was detected (odds ratio: 1.644, 95% confidence bound, p>0.05). Discussion: Placement of the catheter guide through the cervical canal at the time of embryo expulsion may not have any effect on the IVF-ET outcome.

Inhaled drug therapy in respiratory critical care units is an important treatment choice. &#x130;nhalation therapy has been in use since beginning of 1900%u2019s with the production of first liquid spray (atomiser). Today, there are numerous drugs given by inhalation. In this review, inhalational drugs and characteristics of inhalation therapy during invasive and noninvasive mechanical ventilation is described.

Addison's Disease that evolved due to infection or caused by autoimmune disease is a hypofunction of the adrenal gland. Addisson's Disease might develop due to microsomal enzyme induction associated with treatment with Rifampisin. It is noted that the case reports of those who were diagnosed with Addison's Disease after the antituberculosis treatment had been started. However, there are no cases where Addison's Disease developed in the late period of antituberculosis treatment in the literature. A fourty eight year old female patient applied to our policlinic with complaints of weakness, twenty kg weight loss and difficulty in swallowing nine months ago. There was no history of tuberculosis in the patients background. It wasn't determined from pathological sign on her examination and endoscopy in the policlinic of Gastroenterology. She didn'n have comorbid disease. Cough, sputum, hemoptysy, dyspnoe, chest pain, fever and night sweating were not in her complaints. Chest examination were normal. There was no hepatosplenomegaly. Serum hemogram, sedimentation and C-reactive protein were normal. PPD: 20 mm, Serum angioconverting enzym value: 30 mg/dl (8-52 mg/dl). Posteroanterior chest CAT scan was normal. There were not any other signs except subcarinal lymph nodes which are seen on thorax computarised tomograpy. Endobronchial lesion was not on her bronchoscopy. Asidoresistanbasil (ARB), Mycobcteria Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was negative in her bronchial lavage. Transbronchial needle aspiration (TBNA) awas taken from a subcranial, hypoechoic, calcified lymph node of 35 mm using Endobronchial Ultrasound (EBUS). Patient was diagnosed with mediastinal tuberculosis due to granuloma containing calcification by pathologist on her biopsy. While she was taking antituberculosis treatment, her radiological signs were improved in follow up. However, she with the same complaints on the eighth month of treatment. Because of hyperpigmentatiton seen on her examination, she was evaulated by endocrinologist and diagnosed with Addisson's Disease. Corticosteroid treatment was to the patient and clinical improvement was achieved. This case was reported because while she was taking antituberculosis treatment on the eighth month, Addison's Disease had developed in the patient.

Pheochromocytoma is a rare catecholamine secreting neuroendocrine tumor in children. It is usually localized unilaterally in adults but often bilaterally in children. The symptoms are variable related to the level of secreted catecholamine. The most common symptoms are hypertension, tachycardia and headache. Beta blockers, alcohol consumption, injection of contrast substance and surgical procedures may lead to attacks. The most effective treatment is surgical resection. In recent years, laparoscopic surgery has been more preferred. Anesthetic management is very important in this cases. Especially, sudden hemodynamic changes may be observed during laparoscopic adrenalectomy. In our case, the control of hemodynamic changes with esmolol and norepinephrine infusion were discussed during bilaterally laparoscopic adrenalectomy in a 14-year old child with pheochromocytoma. [Cukurova Med J 2016; 41(1.000): 171-174]

The study examines biology, chemistry and pre-service science teachers’ ideas about the same concepts used in different courses such as biology and chemistry. Firstly, a pilot study was conducted to reveal what kind of different ideas constructed by the students. Then, a questionnaire consisted of five open-ended questions was prepared and administered to 152 students. Additionally, semi-constructed interviews were made with nine students to get more detailed information about the conceptions. As a result, it was revealed that students constructed different meanings from the same concepts such as radical group, diffusion, osmotic pressure, amphoteric substance, acid and base used in biology and chemistry classes. In the last section of the study, why students constructed different meanings from the same concepts used in different courses were analysed and recommendations were noted to overcome those complications.

The purpose of this study is to determine the impact of creative writing approach to attitudes towards writing in the Turkish course in Primary School 5. Grades. This research has been conducted with 53 students of 5th grades who are in the centre of the province Denizli and belongs to a middle socio-economic level primary school. The pre-test and post-test control group experimental design has been used in this 11-week study. The Creative Writing Approach for the experimental group (n: 27) and Turkish Educational Programme has been implemented for the control group (n: 26). "Writing Attitude Scale", developed by Susar (2009), has been used to obtain data. t-test has been used to analyze the data. The following conclusions have been reached as a result of the research; 1-There is no significant difference in the pre-test results of the experimental group and control group. 2- There is no significant difference in the average results of pre-test and post-test in the control group. 3- Significant differences have been detected between the average results of pre-test and post-test in the experimental group. 4-Significant differences have been detected between the average results of pre-test and post-test between the control group and experimental group. In the light of data obtained, it can be said that the creative writing activities affect the writing approach positively.

The foundation of the globalization process was laid with the effect of politic and economic institutions that came out after Second World War. Besides, it can be said that this process actually started after 1980 with various politic and economic precautions taken and it gained acceleration after 1990’s. At this point, the European Union policies for the establishment of a politic and economic union have important effect. Besides, under the scope of the policies started to be applied in the world and in our country which depends on market economy, the role of taken precautions regarding free circulation of goods, service and capital and especially increasing international capital flow on this development cannot be neglected. In this study, financial globalization and theoretical approaches in that field was examined and in the process of liberalization, the capital movements towards Turkey were discussed with their reasons and effects.

Objective: Stent restenosis (SR) is an important compli­cation of percutaneous coronary intervention. There are many studies explored the relation of eosinophils with SR, however, there is no data about relationship between eo­sinophil-lymphocyte ratio (ELR) and SR. In this study we aimed to investigate the relationship between the value of ELR on admission and SR. Methods: The study was included 314 patients who had been applied a coronary stent implantation and they were admitted to cardiology clinic with stabile angina and un­derwent repeat coronary angiography. The data obtained from patients were analyzed retrospectively. The patient group was consisted of 197 patients who were diagnosed as SR, and the control group was consisted of 117 pa­tients whose stents were patent angiographically. Results: The groups were similar in terms of age, gender, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, LDL-C, HDL-C, platelet count, platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), hemoglobin and left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF). White blood cell (WBC), neutrophil, eosinophil, C-reactive protein (CRP), ELR and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) on admission were higher in the SR group compared to the controls. All patients were categorized into two groups according to ELR values and SR was more frequent in the high ELR group compared to low ELR group. An ELR value of ≥0.745 predicted SR with 64% sensitivity and 61% specif­ity. Conclusion: In this study ELR was found statistically higher in SR patients compared to the controls. Accord­ing to our data ELR as an inexpensive and easy method, may contribute to determination of high risk patients and increased ELR can be used as a predictor of SR.

Bozcaada, having distinctive landscape characteristics and being mostly within historical and natural protection sites, has been under heavy pressure of tourism and recreational oriented land use demands that contradict with its identical activities such as, traditional agriculture and winemaking. In this respect, in our study, a landscape planning method has been developed for the land with distinctive landscape characteristics and executed in the case of Bozcaada in order to materialize some guidelines forexisting and/or future land use demands and priorities towards achieving ecologically sustainable spatial uses.During the process, the island was divided into 57 squares in dimensions of 1km x 1km in order to be able to better investigate the island. As a result of the applied method; where as protection as a land use type takes the first priority 27 squares; tourism-recreation, agriculture, settlements receive the highest scores totally in 16, 12 and 2 squares respectively. Based upon these results, further evaluations and solutions have been formulated especially for the land uses distinguished with the problematic potentials on the island.

Background and Design: Striae gravidarum (SG) is a common cosmetic concern for many pregnant women. SG has been reported to be associated with various factors but etiopathogenesis of SG is still not well understood. The aim of this study was to determine the prevelance of SG in primipara pregnant women and identify risk factors associated with SG. Material and Method: Two hundred and fifty six primipara women within 48 hour of delivery included in this study. After excluding systemic factors that may affect development of striae, all of the subjects were asked to record about eighteen variables. Each woman was inspected for the presence or absence of striae. Statistical significance was determined by the logistic regression analysis for the studied factors between groups with SG absent and present. Results: Eighty-four percentage (215 of 256) of women had striae. Low maternal age (p=0.023), education (p=0.0001), maternal pre-pregnancy and delivery body mass index (p=0.03, p=0.02), weight gain (p=0.02), birth weight of infant (p=0.032), polyhydramnios (p=0.0001), family history (p=0.002) and gestational week at delivery (p=0.003) were found to be related to SG. There was no association between SG and the remaining factors such as cream use, smoking, skin type, pre-pregnancy striae, gender of neonate and mode of delivery (p>0.05). Conclusion: It is concluded that risk factors such as maternal age, education, mother’s body mass index, weight gain, neonatal birth weight polyhydramnios, family history and gestational week are found to be related with development of SG in this study population.

Today the rapid developments experienced in the technology brings various facilities in music teaching as in many areas of education. Though the research conducted on the benefitting levels of music teachers from teaching technologies is limited, in the researches implemented it is underlined that the application of teaching technologies by music teachers in the class has enabled the classes to be attractive, and strengthened the learning-teaching environment. Therefore the behaviors of music teachers towards teaching technologies are significant. In this study, the behaviors of music teachers towards teaching technologies is evaluated based on the 4 basic aspects (self-efficacy, outcome expectations, interest and intentions) of the Social-Cognitive Career Theory (Hackett, Lent and Brown, 1994, 2002). The research results showed some dramatic differences of self-efficacy, outcome expectations, interests and intentions towards the teaching technologies among the music teachers varying according to their service year, type of the school graduated and the graduate grades. The results of the research were discussed with the literature concerned and some proposals were developed.

The aim of the study is to investigate the hydrogeochemical processes that control the chemistry of groundwater in the İnegöl Basin (Bursa), and to assess for its availability of groundwater for different purposes. Alluvium is the most important aquifer in the basin. In addition, groundwater can be supplied from conglomerate and sandstone levels of the İnegöl formation which is located in the base of alluvium. Kocasu stream which is supplied surface water discharge of the basin is also controlled groundwater discharge of the basin. Insitu measurements and chemical analyses of groundwater were made in two period point of view determination of quality and chemical structure of groundwater. Groundwater is Ca-Mg-HCO facies in wet season and Mg-Ca-HCO3 facies in dry season due to increases of Mg2+ ion. The increase of Mg2+ is related to solubility of dolomite and decomposition of magnesium minerals. Mn and Fe concentrations of groundwaters are exceed to drinking water standards in specific locations. These increases are based on water rock interaction with İnegöl and Nilüfer formations and anthropogenic factors. USSL and Wilcox diagrams, sodium adsorption ratio, percentage of sodium, residual sodium carbonate, and permeability index were used to determine of availability as irrigation water. Groundwater of the İnegöl Basin is suitable for irrigation water

Within this study, demographic and anthropological differences between the Kurdish group and the rest of the Turkish population are presented while existing approaches on the Kurdish question based on economic and political factors are critically evaluated. Using results of the 1945 Census an inventory of all language groups in Turkey is given together with their respective &lsquo;literacy rates&rsquo; and &lsquo;prevalence of knowledge of Turkish&rsquo;, which reveal temporal differences in terms of entrance into the demographic transition and give hints as to why some ethnic groups have adopted the Turkish identity while some other groups have remained outside the &lsquo;Turkish core&rsquo;. Recent data from the TDHS, on the other hand, is used to analyze &lsquo;fertility&rsquo; and &lsquo;prevalence of consanguineous marriages&rsquo; among the Kurdish population. While Kurds who use Turkish as either main or second language converge to the rest of the population in terms of both fertility decline and the matrilateral swing among consanguineous marriages, among Kurds who do not speak Turkish at all the mentioned rates increase in the opposite direction. The Turkish and Kurdish family structures are evaluated within the framework of Emmanuel Todd&rsquo;s family types with special consideration on the effects of consanguineous marriages and the patrilateral inclination among these on the status of women.<br />

The aim of this study is to explore the effects of organizational justice perception and job satisfaction on problem solving ability. For this purpose, a survey was conducted with 247 nurses working in the eight private health foundations in Ankara and İstanbul. The Problem Solving Inventory, Organizational Justice Perception Scale and Minnesota Job Satisfaction Scale were used in the research. The results showed that organizational justice perception and job satisfaction have important roles in developing the problem solving ability. Moreover, interactional justice has both direct effects on the problem solving ability and indirect effects on the solving ability with increasing the job satisfaction.

Bu çahşnıada , depreın etldsindeld k onut ve iş ye ri türündeki 4,5,6 ve 8 katlı per deli ­çerçeveli 4 t i p yapının perde yerinin değişinıinin p e rde ve kolonla r a gelen llt;esn1e llt;uvvetindeki da ğıl t ın üzerindeki e tki si araştırılmıştir

In this paper an unusual case of lymphadenopathy associated with Actinomyces infection is reported. In the literature, there are only two cases presented with histopathologic features. A forty-year-old male patient was admitted to the hospital with painless mass on the neck. Clinical examination revealed a firm mass on the right submandibular region. The patient had no malignancy history. A cystic mass radiologically compatible with abscess was detected adjacent to the submandibular gland. Sialadenitis and lymphadenitis were considered but the mass was refractory to the antibiotherapy. The mass and the right submandibular gland were excised. Histopathologic evaluation of the lymph node revealed characteristic sulfur granules of Actinomyces.

The aim of this study was to compare the reasons of sport participation, studying physical education and their expectations about future of physical education students according to different department. Research performed on totally 318 students (123 students from Physical Education and Sports Instruction Department/PESID, 130 students from Coaching Department/CD and 65 students from Sports Management Department/SMD) from Cukurova University, Faculty of Physical Education in Turkey. Students answered the survey sheet which is designed by researcher. As a result; it is found that being an athlete, do sport as a leisure activity and meeting new people were statistically more important reasons to sport participation for CD and SMD students than for PESID students. In addition, become more successful in sport and studying sport at the university were statistically more effective reasons to studying physical education for CD and SMD students than for PESID students. Also CD students have statistically higher expectation from future than SMD and PESID students with become academic and studying abroad.

Aim: Due to existing multi drug resistance and subsequently acquired resistance Acinetobacter genus bacteria continuously actual. Other characteristics are increasing treatment costs, patient hospitalization period, mortality and morbidity. Risk factors like extended hospitalization period, background immune system disorders are increasing isolation frequency of this bacteria from patients. Extended spectrum antibiotic usage is known to be a major risk factor. Aim of our study is to investigate cause of growing A.baumanii isolation rate and cross contamination between this isolates in a state hospital. Material and Method: In this study analysed increasing isolation frequency by years and specimen occurrence in level 2 hospital. At the same time detected amount of used imipenem and meropenem in hospital during last three years. A.baumanii strains isolated from respiratory and sputum specimens of patients from intensive care unit and thoracal departament during last month of 2013 year%u2019s were tested using PFGE method for genotypic similarity. Results: Acinetobacters isolation frequency in years and carbapenem usage are subsequently increased. Specimens are generally from respiratory tract. Genotypic similarity not detected on studied 6 A.baumanii strain%u2019s PFGE image. This condition interpreted like this strains origins not from cross contamination.

Purpose: The anatomy of the larynx and the knowledge of the possible variations in the laryngeal cartilages is important while interpreting head and neck radiographs of patients who exhibit anatomical or functional deviations. Morphometric data of the larynx may be useful in various otorhinolaryngology procedures and may also help in selecting the right dimensions of operational tools. Various studied have focused on the measurements of individual laryngeal cartilages. Very few authors have provided a holistic approach to the larynx and their values vary considerably. Therefore this study aims at providing appropriate information regarding the various laryngeal measurements thereby contributing to the field of advanced medicine. Methods: The study was performed on 25 sagittal sections of adult larynges (14 males, 11 females) in the department of Anatomy, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal. The different parameters of the larynx were measured using digital calipers. Appropriate statistical tests were applied. Results: The morphometric measurements of the larynx were more in males as compared to females. However females had a larger cricoid diameter. Conclusion: The study therefore opines that there is a significant difference in dimensions of larynges in males and females. The dimensions of larynx and internal cricoid diameter may act as a reliable guide for various interventions involving the upper respiratory passages. [Cukurova Med J 2014; 39(4.000): 779-783]

With regard to intended use, property in the hands of business is subject to different standarts. Hand-held properties to get rental income and to acquire capital gain are different from other properties with respect to cash generation and capital gain. The objective of this study is to classify the property according to TMS and demonstrated of accounting of investment properties under the scope of the TMS-40. With this study, we explain TMS-40 and give examples for accounting of investment property to analyze IAS 40 applications.

Agnew has integrated and re-organized several leading criminological theories and results of empirical researches arguing that this new general theory has the capability of explaining all crime types. Effects of five life domains (self, family, peer, school and work) on individuals’ behaviors and decision making process have been explained in this theory. These five life domains encompass and affect whole lifespan of a person starting from the early childhood. These life domains not only affect individuals but also have mutual effect on each other. In addition, several external factors have effects on individuals, and in order to commit crimes, these external factors should interact with other variables (biological factors, family, school, etc.). If these life domains and other external factors have negative effects on individuals, the probability of offending will increase. On the other hand, if they provide positive support, their effects will protect individuals from engaging in crime. Additionally, this theory tries to explain the reasons why some individuals engage in criminal behaviors while others do not even though they share the same environments. Prior crime has been found one of the strongest factors that cause subsequent crimes. The core elements, variables that cause crime, crime prevention policies, and limitations of this theory are analyzed in this paper.       Özet Agnew birçok önemli teoriyi ve bilimsel çalışmaların sonuçlarını birleştirerek ve yeniden organize ederek tüm suçları açıkladığını iddia ettiği kapsamlı bir genel suç teorisi yazmıştır. Bu teoride suça doğruca etki eden beş farklı yaşam alanının (bireyin kendisi, aile, arkadaş, okul ve iş) bireyin karar verme sürecine ve davranışlarına olan etkileri anlatılmıştır. Bu beş yaşam alanı bireylerin çocukluk yıllarından başlayarak tüm yaşantısını kaplamakta ve etkilemektedir. Yaşam alanları sadece bireyi etkilememekte aynı zamanda birbirlerini de etkilemektedirler. Bunlara ilaveten, diğer harici birçok faktörün bireyler üzerinde etkili olduğunu ve suçun oluşabilmesi için bu faktörlerin diğer faktörler ile (biyolojik faktörler, aile, okul, vb.) beraber mevcut olması ve etkileşime geçmesi gerektiği iddia edilmiştir.  Bu yaşam alanları ve diğer faktörler bireye negatif etki yaptıklarında suç işleme ihtimalinin artacağı, öte yandan pozitif destek sağlıyorlarsa suçtan koruyucu etki yapacakları belirtilmiştir. Ayrıca, aynı koşullarda yaşayan bireylerin suç işleme veya işlememe konusunda sergiledikleri farklı davranışların sebepleri anlatılmıştır. Önceki suçların daha sonra suç işlemeye çok büyük etkisinin olduğu bulunmuştur.  Bu makalede bu teorinin temel argümanları, suça neden olan faktörler, suç önleme önerileri ve bu teoriye getirilen eleştiriler incelenmiştir.

Editorial Board and Content of Volume 2/1

Dr. Enfel DOĞAN, Şeyhoğlu Sadrüddin’in Kabus-nâme Tercümesi (Metin-Sözlük-Dizin-Notlar-Tıpkıbasım), Mavi Yayıncılık, İstanbul, 2011, 731 s. ISBN 978-975-8209-94-1 <br> Dr. Enfel DOĞAN, Şeyhoğlu Sadrüddin’in Kabus-nâme Tercümesi (Metin-Sözlük-Dizin-Notlar-Tıpkıbasım), Mavi Yayıncılık, İstanbul, 2011, 731 s. ISBN 978-975-8209-94-1

The last representative of the classical era Iranian poetry, Molla Cami is an influential person over Turkish poets. Most of his works have been translated to Turkish. Mesnevî of “Yûsuf u Züleyha” in Molla Câmî’s book, Heft Evreng composed of seven mesnevîs has also been commented on and translated into Turkish. This essay first provides general information about mesnevies in Arabian, Persian, and Turkish literature, then examnines two Turkish commentaries on “Yûsuf u Züleyhâ” which have been wrongly associated to Şem’i.<br> <br> Klâsik dönem İran şiirinin son temsilcisi kabul edilen Molla Câmî, manzum ve mensur eserleri ile Türk şair ve yazarlarınca örnek alınmış; onları çeşitli bakımlardan etkilemiş, eserlerinin pekçoğu Türkçeye tercüme edilmiş bir şahsiyettir. Onun yedi mesneviden meydana gelen Heft Evreng’inde yer alan Yûsuf u Züleyhâ da Türkçe tercümesi ve şerhi yapılmış eserlerindendir. Bu yazıda, Arap, Fars ve Türk edebiyatında mesnevi konusu üzerinde kısaca durulduktan sonra Arap, Fars ve Türk edebiyatlarında kaleme alınmış Yûsuf u Züleyhâlar hakkında genel bir bilgi verilecek daha sonra da Câmî’nin Yûsuf u Züleyhâ’sının bugün Şem’î’ye ait olarak gösterilen iki Türkçe şerhinin aslında Şem’î’ye ait olmadığı ispatlanacaktır.

Restless legs syndrome (RLS), also known as Willis-Ekbom disease, is a chronic movement disorder, characterized by an urge to move legs usually accompanied by uncomfortable sensations and sleep disorders. The prevalence of the syndrome ranges from 1% to 15% in the general population, and about 2% during childhood. RLS is the most common movement disorder in pregnancy. However RLS still remains underdiagnosed probably due to lack of accurate information about the disease. Family history is positive in 50-70% of the primary RLS patients. The secondary form of the syndrome is associated with iron deficiency, renal failure, pregnancy, diabetes mellitus and many rheumatologic disorders. Secondary forms generally manifest at older ages and have a rapid progression with a poorer prognosis. The pathophysiology of RLS is focused on the dopaminergic system, reduced central nervous system iron levels and genetic linkages. Diagnosis is based on clinical features and the diagnostic criteria suggested by International RLS Study Group. Secondary causes must be carefully investigated before the treatment. In mild forms of the disease non-pharmacologic therapies might be useful, while in moderate or severe forms of the disease generally pharmacologic therapies such as dopamine agonists, anticonvulsants, opioids and benzodiazepines are required. (Turkish Journal of Osteoporosis 2015;21: 87-95)

Bu araştırmanın amacı, Din Kültürü ve Ahlak Bilgisi öğretmenlerinin öğrenme ve öğretme süreçlerinde bilgisayar teknolojilerinden yararlanma düzeylerini belirlemektir. Bu çalışma nitel ve nicel verilerin birlikte kullanıldığı tarama modelinde bir araştırmadır. Veriler Türkiye’nin çeşitli illerinde görev yapan 93 tane Din Kültürü ve Ahlak Bilgisi öğretmenlerinden online anket yoluyla toplanmıştır. Araştırma evrenini Türkiye’de görev yapan DKAB öğretmenleri oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmanın örneklemini random (rastgele) olarak internet üzerinden ulaşılan 93 tane ilköğretim ve orta öğretim kurumlarında görev yapan öğretmen oluşturmaktadır. Veriler kapalı ve açık uçlu soruların yer aldığı anket yoluyla toplanmıştır. Verilerin analizinde nicel veri analiz tekniklerinden frekans ve yüzde hesapları yapılmış nitel analiz tekniklerinden ise betimsel analiz tekniği kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonuçları tablolar halinde gösterilerek sonuçlar değerlendirilmiş ve çeşitli önerilerde bulunulmuştur.

This study aims to evaluate the computer laboratories according to appropriateness of the ergonomic principles in the primary schools. US-OSHA Ergonomic Evaluation Checklist was used and 30 different elementary schools’ computer laboratories were evaluated in Eskişehir. The results were examined according to the dimensions of position while working, sitting position, input devices, place of monitors, working areas and general. Research results showed that computer labs have adequate technical equipment but the deficiencies in the dimensions of position while working and sitting positions were found to be significant. According to the research results some suggestions are offered to improve computer labs’.

Objective: Overexpression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and its association with angiogenesis have been shown in various carcinomas. In this study, we investigated COX-2 expression in clear cell type renal cell carcinoma and its association with microvessel density and various clinicopathologic parameters.Material and Method: Fifty cases of clear cell type renal cell carcinoma that underwent radical nephrectomy were included in this study. Th e status of COX-2 expression was examined immunohistochemically. Microvessel density in the neoplasm was estimated using the computerized image-analizer system. We evaluated the correlation between COX-2 expression, microvessel density and clinicopathologic findings.Results: COX-2 expression was observed in 76% of the cases. Th ere was no association between COX-2 expression and microvessel density, age, sex, tumor size, nuclear grade and stage (p>0.05).Conclusion: Most clear cell type renal cell carcinomas expressed COX-2, but there was no relationship between COX-2 and various clinicopathologic parameters. Similar studies to explore therapeutic agents that target these specialities can be useful in the treatment of renal cell carcinomas which show COX-2 expression and high vascularity.

There is always beloved in the center of many issues described in the Divan poetry. The adventure between beloved and lover never ends. The beauty of the beloved is talked from mouth to mouth. The most important feature in beloved is hair as it is the first striking element. This importance of hair, the most emphasized the element of beauty in beloved, stems from that it increases the beauty of the face further. Hair has a property affecting lover very much and binding lover to beloved. Hair is seen in the characteristics of suffering at the same time attracting to the lover. Hair has a beauty for lovers inescapable of being caught, being affined to. Lovers are seen both to wish to affine to hair and to complain to do so. In this article, after referring to hair in general similes, metaphors and imaginations exposing its effect on the lover are tried to be presented collectively. <br> <br> Divan şiirinde anlatılan birçok konunun merkezinde hep sevgili vardır. Sevgili ile âşığın serüveni hiç bitmez. Sevgilinin güzelliği dilden dile dolaşır. Sevgiliyi güzel kılan vasıflardan en önemlisi ilk göze çarpan unsurlardan biri olmasından dolayı saçtır. Sevgilinin güzellik unsurlarından en çok üzerinde durulan saçın bu önemi, yüzün güzelliğini daha da artırmasından kaynaklanmaktadır. Saç, âşığı sevgiliye bağlayan ve onu çok fazla etkileyen bir özelliğe sahiptir. Saçlar, âşığı cezbeden aynı zamanda da eziyet eden özellikleriyle karşımıza çıkar. Âşıklar için saçlar yakalanmaktan, bağlanmaktan kaçılamayacak bir güzelliktedir. Âşıkların hem saça bağlanmak istedikleri hem de bağlanmaktan dolayı şikâyet ettikleri görülür. Bu makalede genel olarak saçtan bahsedildikten sonra onun âşık üzerindeki etkisini gösteren teşbih, mecaz ve tasavvurlar toplu bir şekilde ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır. Anah

Tinnitus is one of the most common complaints in otolaryngology practice. Tinnitus may often be accompanied with hearing loss and vertigo. Tinnitus may impair the quality of life in advanced degrees. In very rare cases, it may cause suicide. In this report, we presented the case of a 61-year-old female patient who attempted suicide due to tinnitus. She suffered from constant tinnitus in both ears since she had undergone serous otitis media two months ago. Despite medical treatment, tinnitus did not improve, and lately, she suffered from severe insomnia. Due to severe tinnitus and insomnia, she drank hydrochloric acid. She was consequently admitted to our emergency department by her family. On physical examination, the patient’s vital signs were stable and floor of the mouth mucosa, gingiva, and hard and soft palate had widely ulcerated areas. Severe laryngeal edema and ulceration was observed on laryngoscopic examination. The eardrum was myringosclerotic on otoscopic examination. The patient was closely followed for respiratory distress; however, tracheostomy was not required. The abovementioned case suggests that patients admitted with complaints of tinnitus should be questioned for severity of depressive symptoms, considering that the presence of depressive symptoms in these patients may result in an attempt of suicide. These patients should be evaluated not only in otolaryngology clinics but also in psychiatric clinics, and subsequently receive appropriate support.

The share of electricity production from thermal power plants for Turkey is about 61 %. Since the fossil fuels are rapidly consumed, the concept of fossil fuel saving is very important for humanity. In this paper, the effects of boiler feed water preheating by means of geothermal brine on overall performance and fossil fuel savings in thermal power plants are examined. According to the performed analysis, power plant thermal efficiency could be increased of 2-4 % via geothermal preheating. In this analysis, a hypothetical thermal power plant is considered and its performance is evaluated. According to analysis, 1 million US$ in fossil fuel savings and 4.1 % increase in thermal efficiency could be achieved by the use of geothermal preheating.

Purpose: Thrombosis in children is a multifactorial disorder associated with both genetic and acquired factors. Idiopathic thrombosis is a rare condition. This study aimed to examine the etiology and risk factors of thrombosis in pediatric patients followed at Baskent University Adana Teaching and Research Center, a reference hospital in the southern part of Turkey. Material and Methods: This study included a sample of 49 pediatric patients who were retrospectively evaluated. The patient records were examined retrospectively in terms of age at diagnosis with thrombosis, gender, family history of thrombosis, localization of thrombosis, underlying primary disease and presence of catheter, as well as indicators of genetic risk factors. Results: The number of children presenting to our clinic during the study period was 10358. The incidence of thrombosis was calculated as 49 cases in 10358 children. The median age of the patients was 5.1 years (ranging from 0 to 17.2 years), and there were 32 (65.3%) males. In the analysis of the genetic factors causing susceptibility to primary thrombosis, only a portion of the patients were studied for genetic mutations. Among these, 5 patients showed factor V Leiden mutation, 13 patients MTHFR 1298C mutation, and 18 patients MTHFR 677CT mutation. Seven patients were found have a combination of multiple mutations. When we investigated any possible correlation between high lipoprotein (a) levels and the distribution of mutations, we found that 7 patients with mutations had normal levels of high lipoprotein (a), while other 10 patients with mutations were found to have elevated levels of lipoprotein (a). Conclusion: We conclude and strongly emphasize that lipoprotein (a) elevation is one of the important genetic risk factors, which might prove a major risk indicator, as valuable as other mutation screening tests performed by molecular genetics [Cukurova Med J 2016; 41(2.000): 285-290]

The aim of this study is to determine the differences between extreme and traditional athletes regarding “sensation seeking” through the administration of “Sensation Seeking Scale Form V” developed by Zuchermann (1994). The population of the study consists of the following groups: the students attending Anadolu University School of Physical Education and Sports during 2010-2011 Fall Term; the athletes who participated Clubs’ Winter Swimming Championship held between December 22nd – 26th 2010; the athletes who participated in Adults’ Fencing Open Tournament Turkey Championship held on 5-6 February 2011; the athletes how participated in Juniors- Adults Athletics Championship held on 19-20 February 2011; the participants of Snowboard Organization held in Uludağ between February 7th and 15th 2011; and finally the athletes who participated aggressive skating and skateboard competitions that took place in 720 Adrenaline Skate Park in Beşiktaş / Istanbul and Alçak Skate Park in Kadıköy / Istanbul on December 19th 2010. A total of 380 athletes (41% male and 59 % female) were chosen from this population by using random sampling method. In order to determine the differences between traditional and extreme athletes regarding sensation seeking, T-test and ANOVA analysis were applied to the data obtained. The results of this analysis revealed significant differences between traditional and extreme athletes in terms of “gender” and “sport branches”.

This paper reviews the literature and recommends activities that can be used to teach English to gifted and talented students. It includes the responsibilities that teachers of the gifted and talented have in teaching the English language. Strategies for teaching the language in a natural and flowing way to increase intake and usage are also presented. Also discussed are the pressures on gifted and talented students when they are learning a new subject such as the English language and how these pressures occur because of beliefs about giftedness and how gifted learners learn. Teachers need to also be aware of the linguistic and cultural backgrounds of their students. This information can be used to help students speak English more naturally during informal talks/discussions in class about their different lifestyles and/or cultural features. The special and different learning characteristics of gifted students are important for their teachers to know. Teachers of gifted students should then use that knowledge when they differentiate curriculum. To be a teacher of these special children means being open to ongoing professional development and always focusing on the learner rather than the learning. Finally, the teachers of the gifted need to shift their approaches in order to become counsellors and guides more than instructors and directors of learning.

The purpose of this study is to describe the errors made in written expression by the students learning Turkish as a foreign language at B2 level. The importance of the study come into focus in terms of providing a holistic description with three different standpoint by analysing students’ errors according to their linguistic, cognitive processing and communicative characteristics. This research was conducted by using content analysis method among qualitative research methods. Research group of the study is composed of 50 students who studied at B2 level at the Turkish Learning Center of Gaziantep University during 2014-2015 academic year. All of the participants’ mother tongue is Arabic and their age range is 18-26. Data were obtained by 250-300 word text that created by students. Errors in students’ texts were analyzed by 3 people, two of which are experts, according to their linguistic, cognitive processing and communicative properties. As a result of the analysis, a total of 337 errors were determined in students’ written texts. According to the linguistic properties, it was found that in total errors %15,73 were orthographic, %15,43 were lexical-semantic, %16,91 were syntactic and %51,93 were morphological errors. According to the cognitive processing properties, it was seen that of the total errors, 13,35 were omission, %14,84 were addition, %54,90 were substitution and %16,91 were permutation errors. And finally, according to the communicative properties of the total errors, %81,31 were local and %14,84 were global errors. In foreign language teaching process, teachers’ identification in terms of linguistic, cognitive processing and communication features in accordance with the principles of error analysisis can provide detailed data on the error source. The teachers’ identification of error features is important to give qualitative feedback to students’ errors. Because teacher can decide whether he should correct the students’ error or not and also if he should correct the error he can decide how he will correct only while he get to the bottom of error by defining the features of error.

Achieving efficiency in production to a great extend requires planning production activities in a way that fits into companies’ goals. In order to achieve the goals in production planning, different models that could take many criteria up to the most desired level and provide the firm with the optimal utility, could be suggested.This study, informed also by the existing literature about the subject, considers the Integer Linear programming (ILP) method and its applicability to production activities. Whether the (ILP) method might have important results for production planning or not is studied in a company that operates in the concrete pile production. In the model, as variables, the sort of piles, the numbers and features of the patterns, the production methods, the labour costs of middle-men, and the capacity and production programs are used. The paper concludes that the (ILP) model is an advantageous mathematical model that enables us to explore the levels in which the capacity of the production tends to be maximum.

el-Kharakani Turkish-Islamic scholar and a great mystic, whospent in his every moment with thought and advised constantly hisfollowers the thought, is a friend of Allah. el-Kharakani reached a depthbeyond the metaphysical through dependence on Qur'an and Sunnah,quidance of his murshid el-Kassab and example of spiritual murshidBayazid. When his speeches are examined, it has seen his robustness ofAllah, his determination in respect of representing and notifying Islam,the importance he gave to education of his followers and the advice ofthought continuously.el-Kharakani is one of the rare figures who develops on bothscientific and mystical subjects and especially on mysticism subjects.When his words of full of wisdom are analyzed, contrary to the claims, itis understood that he is not illiterate and he is a competent scholar ofIslamic sciences. Because it is impossible that an uneducated man toldsuch a terse words.el-Kharakani gave striking messages when he shared thoughts ofmind his disciples. These informations he gave to his disciples are toprovide them to think big. He wanted them to reach these degrees whenhe was telling the high spiritual condition he lived. He taught that aman contemplating would plan his time and always use the time aneffective and efficient manner and manage very important work. It ispossible to transfer all of these religious experiences with goodprocedures and methods, a serious education and training, focusing onhis work and self-selecting a good role model and following histeachings. Therefore el-Kharakani took himself Bayazid, a scholar whomystic, as a role model and intended to pass him in spiritual issuesand reach a higher target. He managed to become one of distinguishedthe figures in this area as a result of perseverance and determinationand left deep effect on those who came after him. <br> Büyük Türk-İslâm âlimi ve mutasavvıfı el-Harakânî, her anını tefekkürle geçiren ve civanmertlerine de sürekli tefekkür tavsiyesinde bulunan bir Allah dostudur. el-Harakânî, Kur’an ve Sünnet’e bağlılığı, üstadı el-Kassâb’ın rehberliği ve manevî mürşidi Bâyezîd’in örnekliği sayesinde makamlar aşarak metafizik bir derinliğe ulaşmıştır. Onun sözleri incelendiğinde Allah ile irtibatının sağlamlığı, İslâm’ı temsil ve tebliğ hususundaki kararlılığı, civanmertlerinin eğitimine verdiği önem ve sürekli tefekkür tavsiyesi rahatlıkla görülebilmektedir.el-Harakânî, hem zâhirî hem de bâtınî ilimlerde kendisini geliştiren ve özellikle tasavvufî konularda derinleşen ender şahsiyetlerden biridir. Onun hikmet dolu sözleri analiz edildiğinde iddiaların aksine ümmî olmadığı, tam tersine İslâmî ilimlere vâkıf bir âlim olduğu anlaşılmaktadır. Zira böyle veciz sözleri eğitim görmemiş bir insanın söyleyebilmesi imkânsızdır.el-Harakânî, zihninden geçen düşünceleri civanmertleriyle paylaşırken onlara çarpıcı mesajlar vermiştir. Onun müritlerine verdiği bu bilgiler, büyük hedeflere talip olmaları ve büyük işler başarmaları amacına matuftur. O, yaşadığı aşkın tecrübeleri civanmertlerine anlatarak onların da bu derecelere ulaşmalarını istemiştir. Tefekkür eden bir insanın planlı bir hayat yaşayacağını, zamanını etkin ve verimli kullanacağını ve çok önemli işlere imza atacağını onlara öğretmiştir. Dolayısıyla bütün bu dinî tecrübeleri en doğru usul ve yöntemleri kullanarak etrafına aktarmak ancak ciddi bir eğitim ve öğretimle, yaptığı işe odaklanmakla ve kendine iyi bir rol model seçip onun öğretisini takip etmekle mümkün olabilir. İşte el-Harakânî, Bâyezîd gibi âlim bir mutasavvıfı kendine örnek almış, onu manevî yönden geçmeyi ve daha üst mertebelere ulaşmayı hedeflemiştir. O, gösterdiği azim ve kararlılığın bir sonucu olarak bu sahanın zirve şahsiyetlerden biri olmayı başarmış ve kendisinden sonra gelenler üzerinde derin izler bırakmıştır.

ÖzetBu çalışmada Osmanlı kentlerinde mahallelerin mekânsallaştırılması konusunda yaşanan sorunun çözümüne yönelik geliştirilen bir yöntem ele alınmış ve bu yöntemin Kayseri üzerinde sınanması gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu kapsamda öncelikle Osmanlı kenti ve mahalle olgusu ele alınmış, sonrasında mahallelerin mekânsallaştırılmasında karşılaşılan sorunun çözümüne yönelik geliştirilen yöntem ortaya konulmuş ve son olarak da Kayseri kenti üzerinde bu yöntemin bir denemesi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Böylece Osmanlı Dönemi Kayseri’sinin 1500, 1543, 1655 ve 1872 yıllarına ait mahallelerine mekân boyutu kazandırılmıştır. Geliştirilen bu yöntemin Osmanlı’nın diğer kentlerinde de uygulanması ile kent tarihi yazımında mekânla ilişki kurmada yaşanan kopukluk giderilecek, Osmanlı kentlerinin oluşum ve gelişim aşamaları mahalleler üzerinden fiziksel olarak incelenebilecektir.AbstractIn this study, a method that was developed for the solution of the problem that is faced in the subject of spatializing of quarters in Ottoman cities is handled and the trial of this method in Kayseri is put into practice. In this context, firstly, the case of Ottoman cities and quarter was handled, then the method that was developed for the solution of the problem that was come across in spatializing of quarters was presented and lastly the trial of this method was put into practice in Kayseri city. Therefore, the quarters of Kayseri belonging to the years 1500, 1543, 1655 and 1872 got a locality aspect. With the implementation of this developed method in the other Ottoman cities, the disconnection that is faced in relating with the spatializing in writing the history of the cities will be removed and the development and formation processes of Ottoman cities will be analyzed physically upon quarters.RésuméDans cette étude, nous avons examiné une méthode développée pour étudier la question de la transformation des quartiers des villes Ottomanes en un lieu d’habitation civique et étudié l’exemple de Kayseri pour tester notre méthode. Dans ce contexte, nous avons étudié le phénomène de la ville Ottomane et de ses quartiers, ensuite mis en évidence la méthode développée comme solution pour étudier comment les quartiers des villes Ottomanes se transformaient à un lieu d’habitation civique et puis étudié l’exemple de Kayseri pour tester notre méthode. Ainsi, nous avons étudié la dimension des quartiers datant de 1500, 1543, 1655 et 1872 de Kayseri à l’époque Ottomane. Grâce à cette méthode, qui nous permettra d’étudier d’autres villes Ottomanes, nous aurons la possibilité de comprendre la transformation d’un lieu lorsqu’on étudie l’histoire de l'urbanisation. De plus, avec la méthode proposée, nous aurons l’occasion d’examiner la fondation des villes Ottomanes et leurs évolutions au niveau physique/formel.ملخص:في هذه الدراسة تناولنا أسلوبًا تم تطويره لحلّ المشكلة في التطبيق المكاني للأحياء في المدن العثمانية وقمنا باختبار هذا الأسلوب في مدينة قيصري. وفي هذا السياق، أولاً تناولنا "المدينة العثمانية" وواقع "الحي"، ثم ذكرنا أسلوب حل المشكلة التي حصلت في التطبيق المكاني للأحياء، وأخيرًا أقيمت تجربة هذا الأسلوب في مدينة قيصري. وبذلك تم إعطاء البعد المكاني للأحياء العثمانية في قيصري لسنوات 1500، و1543، و1655، 1872 م. وبتطبيق هذا الأسلوب الذي طُوّر على المدن العثمانية الأخرى ستتم إزالة الفجوة الموجودة في تأسيس العلاقة مع المكان عند تأليف تاريخ المدينة. وسيمكن مشاهدة مراحل تأسيس المدن العثمانية وتطوّرها عبر الأحياء بشكل ملموس.

Aim of this research is to investigate the studies carried out in Turkey, intended to improve technological competences with respect to the needs of lifelong learning. In the research, for starters, in 21st information age, technological competences and the concept of technology literacy, place and importance of technological competences in the qualifications and standards related to the teaching profession, the content of the lifelong learning and the relation of lifelong learning and the teaching profession have been explained. Then, a base-case table has been tried to be set by investigating the studies carried out to improve professional competences, specific to technological competences of the teachers in Turkey. However, the surveyed professional development activities are evaluated in terms of lifelong learning. According to research findings, there have been many attempts during the last ten years but such researches have not been able to provide technological competences of the teachers to reach the requirements of the information age. At the same time, in terms of lifelong learning, it has been found that the implemented in-service training programs are not supportive for basically lifelong learning. Some suggestions for the future have been presented with respect to the findings of the research that came up in the end of the research.   Özet Bu araştırmanın amacı, yaşam boyu öğrenme ihtiyaçları kapsamında, öğretmenlerin teknolojik yeterliliklerinin geliştirilmesi amacıyla Türkiye’de yapılan çalışmaların incelenmesidir. Araştırmada öncelikle, 21.yy bilgi çağında teknolojik yeterlilikler ve teknoloji okur yazarlığı kavramı, öğretmenlik mesleğine ilişkin yeterlilikler ve standartlar içinde teknolojik yeterliliklerin yeri ve önemi, yaşam boyu öğrenme kavramı ve öğretmenlerin mesleki gelişimiyle yaşam boyu öğrenme kavramının ilişkisi açıklanmıştır. Daha sonra, Türkiye’de öğretmenlerin mesleki yeterliliklerini, teknolojik yeterlilikler özelinde geliştirmek amacıyla yapılan çalışmalar incelenerek bir durum tablosu ortaya konmaya çalışılmıştır. Bununla birlikte, araştırma kapsamında incelenen mesleki gelişim çalışmaları yaşam boyu öğrenme açısından değerlendirilmiştir. Araştırma bulgularına göre, Türkiye’de öğretmenlerin teknolojik yeterliliklerinin geliştirilmesine yönelik son on yılda oldukça fazla girişim olduğu, fakat bu çalışmaların öğretmenlerin teknolojik yeterliliklerinin bilgi çağının gereksinimlerini sağlar niteliğe ulaşmasını sağlayamadığı sonucuna varılmıştır. Bununla birlikte, yaşam boyu öğrenme açısından değerlendirildiğinde, öğretmenlerin mesleki gelişimlerine yönelik uygulanan hizmet içi eğitim programlarının temelde yaşam boyu öğrenmeyi destekleyici nitelikte olmadığı sonucuna varılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda ortaya çıkan bulgulara dayalı olarak geleceğe yönelik bazı öneriler sunulmuştur.

Toplumların önemli tarihsel, kültürel ve yapısal mirasları olan geleneksel konutlar uzun süreli kullanımda çeşitli nedenler ile değişime uğramaktadır. Geleneksel konutlar sosyal yaşamda meydana gelen değişikliklere bağlı olarak ortaya çıkan güncel kullanıcı gereksinim ve isteklerine yanıt veremez duruma gelebilmektedir. Bu çalışma Osmanlı’nın ilk başkenti olan Bursa’da bulunan geleneksel konut örnekleri üzerinde sözü edilen fiziksel değişimi incelemeyi hedeflemektedir.

The aim of this study was to determine whether dictation is effective or not on putting in practice the students’ knowledge about spelling and punctuation rules. The study was conducted on 32 fifth grade students from Gaziantep Vali Lütfullah Bilgin Elementary School. 23 students who participated in pre-applications and post applications were included in the study. Experimental design was used in the study. The gathered data were analyzed by employing the techniques of content analysis, frequency, and percentage. According to the results of the study, It is determined that there is a total of 64.3 percent improvement in favor of post application between pre and post applications in terms of mistakes students made during the process of implementation of spelling rules. In other words, in post application the students repeated 35.7 percent of mistakes but they didn’t repeat 64.3 percent of mistakes. Furthermore, there is a total of 61.6 percent improvement in favor of post application between pre and post applications in terms of mistakes students made during the process of implementation of punctuation rules. The results of the research showed that dictation was very effective for students’ performance on spelling and punctuation rules.

Aim: The aim of this study was to determine opinions of different profession working people related men nurse. Methods: The universe of the study was identified as 304 people from employed academics in Ahi Evran University center campus (187), teachers in Kırşehir Cumhuriyet Primary School (107), and police officers in Kırşehir Ahi Police Station and in Riot Police Unit (100). All students in universe were included in the study but 18 % of whom were not taken into consideration so the research was carried out with 323 voluntary people. This study data was collected that a questionnaire form developed by the researchers was used as the data gathering tool in the period 14 January-15 March 2008. Results: It was found that participants in this study were academics 42.1 %, police officers 31.0 % and 26.9 % teachers. The mean age of the participants was 37.09 ± 7.93 years, 78.0 % of them were male, 22.0 % of them female, and 34.7 % bachelor. It was determined that 69.3 % of the participant’s had awarded men nurse. 66.9 % of these participants had determined that this condition was informed by media. 58.5 % of participants reported that to be ignorant of how to call men nurse. 45.8 % of them reported men nurse wears normal dress upon white laboratory coat, 37.5 % of them reported men nurse wears nursing uniform. 53.6 % of participants reported that community were to reply in the affirmative at men nurse, 85.8 % of them male can also do female nursing, and 78.3 % of them men were also nurse. Conclusions: Different profession working people opinions are affirmative at men nurse.

Corneal opacity is a leading cause of monocular blindness, and corneal transplantation is the most commonly performed solid organ transplantation in the world. Keratoplasty techniques for corneal opacities include lamellar allokeratoplasty and penetrating allokeratoplasty. Ipsilateral rotational autokeratoplasty can be an effective alternative to penetrating allokeratoplasty for some patients with corneal scars. This procedure involves a rotation of the patient%u2019s own cornea to move opacity out of the visual axis. An important consideration when selecting cases for rotational autokeratoplasty is the dimensions of the corneal scar. Although ipsilateral autokeratoplasty may not provide as good a quality of vision as penetrating allokeratoplasty because of higher astigmatism and reduced corneal pupillary clear zone, these disadvantages are often outweighed when the risk of allograft rejection is high, as in pediatric patients and those with vascularised corneas. This technique would at least partially resolve the issue of scarcity of donor corneal tissue in developing countries.

The prime purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of computer animation supported biology education upon students’ academic achievement. The study was participated by 97 pre service teachers studying in the first year of university. The data were collected by “Cell Achievement Test” There were control and experimental groups formed and the experimental group was taught with computer animations related with diffusion, osmosis, active transport, protein synthesis, mitosis and meiosis phenomena taking place in cell while the control group was taught with traditional method based on question and answer process. The data obtained were evaluated by t- test and represented by tables and graphs. The results of the study indicated significant differences between the academic achievements of control and experimental groups. The difference is in the favor of the experimental group which revealed the fact the computer animations caused a significant increase in the academic achievements of the students.

The aim of this study is to determine the dialect characteristicsof the villages and towns of Dinar and Evciler , the districts ofAfyonkarahisar. In order to detect the dialect characteristics of thestated districts, collections (compilations) from town centers and villageswere arranged. The compiled materials were dictated with respect to thesystem which is given in ''The Phonetic Transcription Alphabet ThatWill Be Used In Dialect Researches'', advised by The Turkish LinguisticSociety. The dialect characteristics of Dinar and Evciler Region areexplained with the help of the research conducted on the compiled(collected) text material according to phonetic, morphology anddictionary studies. Additionally, similarity check and comparisonbetween Dinar and Evciler Region dialect and the following regiondialects are done to find out differantiation and resemblance with the neighbouring regions’ dialects: Kütahya and Its Region Dialects, UsakDialects, Afyon Centre Dialect, Isparta Centre Dialect, SultandağıDialect, Dialect of Basmakçı and Dazkırı, Sandıklı Region Dialect.

This research has been made to define the acute effects of static streching on vertical jump performance in children. The research has been applied on 49 healthy male volunteer athletes who have been taking basketball education for 2.1&plusmn;0.2 years.(age:12.6&plusmn;0.7 years, height: 157.9&plusmn;6.9 cm, weight: 49.7&plusmn;6.7 kg) Two different protocols have been made in this research. In the first protocol, 5 minutes aerobic density and 5 x 10 m forward, backward, side general warming up exercice in submaximal level has been applied on each child and in the second protocol, after general warming up, static streching practice has been applied to the same children. After each warming up and streching practice, countermovement jump performance have been measured. Active static streching practice has been applied in a strech sensitivity for 3 times 30 seconds and 15 seconds brakes between repetitions. Descriptive statistical methods and Paired-Samples T test have been applied on statistical analysis of vertical jump data that belong to children. Children jump 28.6 &plusmn; 1.1 cm. after a general warming up without any streching practice whereas the children who have made static streching application after warming up jump 27.1 &plusmn; 1.3 cm. The1.5 cm. difference (%5.2) has been found significant (t = -10.476;&nbsp; p&lt;0.001). As a result, static streching practice after general warming up effects vertical jump performance negatively.

INTRODUCTION: The incidence of ischemic stroke in patients with or without radiotherapy (RT), radiotherapy / chemotherapy (CT) is higher than the normal population in nasopharynx carsinoma. Carotid stenosis and cerebrovascular diseases due to RT and KT can cause severe disability and death. As a late complication of RT, late onset diffuse carotid artery atherosclerosis and occlusion may occur over the years, the mechanism is considered to be multifactorial. In this article, ischemic stroke occurrence due to direct tumor invasion of nasopharyngeal carcinoma and intracranial internal carotid artery (ICA) stenosis after RT, have been reported. CASE: A 43 year old male patient presented to our clinic with the complaint of left arm weakness. In right ICA area pieced diffusion limitation were seen, antiplatelet therapy with a diagnosis of ischemic stroke were begun. It was learned that he had been diagnosed with nasopharyngeal carcinoma 2 years ago and at the first diagnosis RT had been given and subsequently continued with chemotherapy. Tumoral invasion around right ICA and stenosis were seen in MRI. Because of cavernous sinus invasion one year ago, 3.4.6.cranial nerve palsy were determined in his right eye. Right arm 3/5 paresis were meliorated to +4/5 paresis during hospitalization. CONCLUSION: In this paper, ‘ischemic stroke due to nasopharyngeal carsinoma can occur because of RT and direct intracranial ICA tumor invasion’ wanted to be emphasized.

Theory and practice both recognize the importance of opinion leadership and seeking constructs within informational interpersonal interaction. However, researches in this area do not concentrate on profiling social media opinion leaders and seekers. The purpose of this study is to describe the decision-making styles of social media opinion leaders and seekers via Consumer Styles Inventory. The empirical application is carried out on a sample of 257 undergraduate students. As a result, ten different decision making styles were found and the analysis confirm that several styles differ for high and low “social media opinion leaders” and “social media opinion seekers”.

Objectives: Adiponectin is an adipocyte-secreted proteinthat modulates insulin sensitivity and whose low circulatingconcentration is associated with insulin resistance.We evaluated the association between serum adiponectinand blood glucose levels with coronary artery diseaseseverity on the angiogram in patients with stable anginapectoris.Materials and methods: The study included 160 patients(82 males) with stable angina pectoris. The patients weredivided into three groups according to the blood glucoselevels on admission; thus, 24 had normal glucose group,53 had impaired glucose tolerance group, and 53 haddiabetes mellitus (DM) group. The severity of coronarylesions was assessed using the Gensini score. Serumadiponectin levels were measured in the all group.Results: The hypertension, hyperlipidemia, obesity, andinsulin resistance were significantly higher in the DMgroup. Patients with DM significantly lower serum levelsof adiponectin (13.55±7.16, p=0.002). The mean Gensiniscore was 40.84± 37.25 in the DM group (p=0.006).Conclusion: Serum adiponectin levels may be a clue forseverity coronary artery disease in patients with stableangina pectoris. J Clin Exp Invest 2012; 3(2): 229-234

Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) is a slowly progressing viral infection ofcentral nervous system and rarely occur after a latent period following measles. Because theincidance of both diseases are in relation, the epidemiological properties of measles are themost important in preventing development of SSPE.A total of 65 children with SSPE who admitted to our clinic between September 1998and December 2002 were retrospectively evaluated.Fifty patients were male and 15 were female. Of these patients, 78.8% were the secondor later children in their family. The mean number of children per family was 5.3 ± 2.63.Sixty percent of the patients were living in urban while 40% were living in a rural area. Themean age was 6.28 ± 2.15 years for total patients; it was 6.15 ± 2.2 years for male and 6.73 ±1.98 years for female. The measles vaccine had been performed in 67.7% of patients andhad not in 20%, while it was unknown in the remaining 12.3% of the patients. The mean ageof the patients at the time of measles infection was 20.32 ± 11.41 months for boys, 27.26 ±25.28 months for female (p<0.05). There was statistically significant difference (p<0.05) inmale group to be infected by measles in early period of life when compared with femalegroup. The mean latent period between measles and SSPE was 4.31 ± 2.02 years for male,4.56 ± 1.74 years for female. The median latent period in patients admitted to our clinicbetween the year 1998 and 2002 was 4.5 years, while it was 3.5 years for patients between theyear 2001 and 2002 (p<0.05). The initial time of SSPE was 6.03 ± 2.17 years for male and6.66 ± 1,97 years for female.Crowded family life and not to perform vaccination timely for measles increase theincidence of measles as well as SSPE. Therefore, the most effective way to prevent SSPE isvaccination for measles regularly and timely.

Hyperimmunoglobulin D syndrome is one of the autoinflammatory syndromes which are characterized by febrile attacks. Recently it is made possible to reach more reliable data by the possibilities that are opened up by molecular genetics to highlight the aetiopathogenesis of this group of diseases. Hyperimmunoglobulin D syndrome could present itself with a broad spectrum of symptoms. Although most of the Hyperimmunoglobulin D syndrome patients are reported from Europe and especially Dutch ancestry, case reports are presented from all over the world. Hyperimmunoglobulin D syndrome should be kept in mind for the differential diagnosis of periodic fever syndromes or before accepting an familial meditterinenan fever patient as colchichine-resistant. [Archives Medical Review Journal 2013; 22(1.000): 55-64]

Objective: Depending on an observation in which some of the subjects’ nonrandom irresponsiveness to repetitive thinking questionnaire items among fully answered others in a study of current researchers, the aims of the present study were to test that whether the ignorance of repetitive thinking items is a stress coping strategy or not, to compare people who ignore the repetitive thinking items (IRT) with people who have high repetitive thinking (HRT) and low repetitive thinking (LRT) in context of attachment patterns, sychopathological symptoms and cognitive flexibility.Method: 432 (278 women and 154 men) college students were selected from a larger research project sample pool which had funded by TÜBİTAK. Participants were divided into three groups according to their repetitive thinking conditions (ignorance, high and low score). All participants have completed the Experiences in Close Relationships – Revised Inventory, Repetitive Thinking Questionnaire, Cognitive Flexibility Inventory and Brief Symptom Inventory.Results: To test our hypothesis series of ANOVA, MANOVA and discriminant analysis were conducted. According the variance analysis, the IRT group had more psychopathology symptoms and attachment anxiety than the LRT group and less than the HRT group. The IRT group had more cognitive flexibility than the HRT group and less than the LRT group. According to discriminant analysis, the LRT and IRT groups had been distinguished the HRT group in the context of psychopathology symptoms and attachment anxiety; the LRT and HRT groups had been distinguished the IRT group in the context of cognitive flexibility-control dimension.Conclusion: According to the results, the ignorance of the repetitive thinking items may be a defensive mechanism or stress coping strategy.

The aim of this study is to determine whether the qualifications required from teachers by primary school programs is in keeping with general teaching competences provided to pre-service teachers by education faculties. For this purpose, firstly, required qualifications and abilities were determined by a document analysis. Then, in the study, it was searched whether the required qualifications were provided at education faculties using semi-structured interviews and investigation of the books prepared for fieldwork study, general culture and teaching profession lessons at these faculties. A descriptive research methodology was used to conduct the study. Data collected in 2006-2007 academic year from semi-structured interviews with student-teachers at Fatih Education Faculty of Karadeniz Technical University and from textbooks recommended to these students. In conclusion, it can be stated that qualities and competencies required from teachers and those student-teachers provided with is in concordance.

Elviye-i Selase is a given name for the area whichconsists of Kars, Ardahan and Batum under TheOttoman Empire. After The Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878, this region has remained under the Russianadministration during 40 years as the war compensation.This region was joined again to Turkey with the Treaty ofBrest- Litovsk which was done between Turkey andRussia. Elviye-i Selase is exist in the boundary of Misak-ıMilli which was formed in the course of Turkish War ofIndependence. But Soviet Russia had a tendency to getagain Batum at the first occasion. Batum had a great importance in the negotiations between TurkishGovernment and Soviet- Russia. With the Treaty ofMoscow 16 March, 1921, Kars and Ardahan were left inTurkey but Turkey had to leave Batum in Russia. In thisstudy, it was examined status of Elviye-i Selase in thecourse of Turkish War of Independence and to leave ofBatum.

A three-year-old male patient was admitted to the clinic with proptosis in his right eye. He had a history of fever with an unknown etiology. In examination, right proptosis was observed and an immobile mass was palpated at the lateral wall of the right orbita. Eye movement was unrestricted in all directions and anterior and posterior segment examination was normal in both eyes. On computed tomography, diffuse bone destruction and expansion was observed in the right orbital lateral wall and other cranial bones. Langerhans cell histiocytosis was diagnosed by bone biopsy. Malignancy is an important cause of proptosis in childhood. Pediatric patients who are admitted to clinic with proptosis should be carefully examined and langerhans cell histiocytosis should also be considered as an etiology.

Aim: The ThinPrep Processor has gained popularity as a collection and preparation technique for fine needle aspiration cytology in addition to Papanicolaou smear test. The aim of this study was to compare the various cytologic features of ThinPrep and conventional smear in head and neck masses.Material and Methods: We reviewed 71 consecutive fine needle aspiration cytology specimens and the conventional smear and ThinPrep slides diagnosed without knowledge of histopathologic diagnosis. Statistical analysis was performed by ANOVA test on SPSS program.Results: There was no statistical difference between the two groups as regard to the presence of monolayer cells, cell architecture, and nuclear details (p>0.05). Cellularity, informative background and cytoplasmic details were statistically significant in conventional smear group (p<0.05). However, in ThinPrep preparations there were no blood and necrosis masking the findings (p<0.05).Conclusion: Combined use of conventional smear and ThinPrep preparation provides the best results for fine needle aspiration cytology.

Aim: Vitamin C is an excellent antioxidant in biological systems. However, It is also widely used as a pro-oxidant. This paradoxical behavior results because it is an excellent reducing agent. As for carbon tetrachloride, the incidence of carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity is reported to be on the increase. In this study, it is aimed to test, whether additional intake of different concentrations of vitamin C improves antioxidative protection on lipid peroxidation, alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, glutathione and protein oxidation levels in single dose carbon tetrachloride-treated male Wistar rats. Material and Method: Two control groups and four treatment groups totaly sixty Wistar albino rats were used in this study. The control groups were fed via oral route a placebo (4 ml of distilled water), while test groups 100 mg /kg, 200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg and 800 mg/kg body weight of vitamin C in 4ml of distilled water was given via gastric intubation. Results: The administration of vitamin C for 40 days produced a significant decrease with increasing concentrations from 100 to 400 mg/kg of vitamin C in differnt parameters carbon tetrachloride-treated rats. But, the same protection was not observed at higher concentration of vitamin C. Moreover, it has showed hazardous activity at 800 mg/kg concentration as much as carbon tetrachloride-induced toxicity. Discussion: These results showed that vitamin C had not the potential to be used as tissue protective agent at higher doses. Also, results suggest that the same substannces that optimizes antioxidant capacity may also act as prooxidant dependent on its concentration.

Kamuoyunu açıklama, oluşturma ve yönlendirme gibi son derece önemli görevleri olan basının, etkili olduğu sahanın genişliği de göz önüne alındığında son derece sorumluluk gerektiren bir kamusal vazifeyi yerine getirdiği anlaşılır. Basının, özellikle parlamenter demokrasilerin geçerli olduğu sistemlerde, yönetime dolaylı yoldan katılacak vatandaşların siyasi, ekonomik, toplumsal vb. hayata dair bilgilendirilmesinde önemli bir rolü vardır. Siyasi alandaki öneminin yanı sıra haber verme görev ve işleviyle basın, kimi fikirleri savunarak ve en azından üzerinde durarak, toplumu yönlendirmek suretiyle yeni tutumların yerleşmesine de yardımcı olabilmektedir. Bu çalışmada bu denli önemli işlevlerle yüklü basının görev ve sorumlulukları Türk-Alman ilişkileri bağlamında irdelenecektir. Almanya'daki yerleşik Türkler çalışmanın konusunu teşkil etmektedir. Anahtar kelimeler: Türk, Alman, basın, sorumluluk.

Aim: The available diagnostic tools in daily urology practice in our state hospital are direct x-ray and ultrasonography (US) examinations besides routine laboratory tests. We Aim: ed to examine the benefits of urinary system US in our clinic and to discuss how we should be selective when ordering it. Material and Methods: We examined the urinary system US reports of the patients admitted to our urology outpatients clinic between January 2007 and May 2008 in a retrospective way. US examinations were done by the same radiologist. Results: 1453 women (58.8 %) and 1017 men (41.2%) were evaluated via urinary system US during the study period. Out of 2470 total patients, 1471 (59.6%) did not reveal any pathology, whereas, there were 1305 pathology addressed in the resting 999 patients (40.4%). The most common pathology was hydronephrosis (n=498, 20.2%) which was followed by urinary system stones (n=390, 15.8%) and renal cysts (n=199, 8.1%) in order. Conclusions: Ultrasonography should be a priority method to be app-lied in evaluation of urinary system.

OBJECTIVE: End stage renal failure (ESRF) is irreversible impairment of renal functions that makes surviving impossible without dialysis or renal transplantation. In the present study, we aimed to put forward the characteristics of end stage renal failure (ESRF) patients who were followed up by Nephrology Department between 2005 and 2010. MATERIAL and METHODS: This study was carried out through retrospective analysis of the records of a total of 589 end stage renal failure patients followed up in Department of Nephrology, Gulhane Military Medical Academy and Military Medical School between 2005 and 2010 and received dialysis or underwent transplantation. RESULTS: Of the patients in study group, 71.2% (334 patients) were males and 28.8% (135 patients) were females. The percentage of the patients who had progressed to end stage renal failure was 37.6% in 20-44 age group, and 33% in 65 years and above group. There was a statistically signifi cant difference in terms of distribution of age groups according to gender (p<0.05). Hypertension was the most common disease in both gender among ESRF patients (45%) followed by diabetes mellitus (25.4%). Of renal transplantations, 87 were from live donors and 48 were from cadavers. 48.3% of live donors were composed of mothers. A total of 88 patients underwent biopsy (65 males and 23 females). FSGS was the most common histopathologic diagnosis (29.3%). CONCLUSION: We put forward 5-year follow up results of our hospital for ESRF, one of the most important public health problems. Studies should be targeted toward early diagnosis, treatment and slowing progress of renal failure in order to reduce the socioeconomic burden of this disease in future.

Objective: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) syndrome is a common disorder that can cause hypercoagulation. Mean platelet volume (MPV) and platelet distribution width (PDW) are associated with hypercoagulability. This study aimed to investigate whether MPV and PDW values change in patients with OSA who were treated with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) device. Methods: A total of 43 adult patients with OSA who were treated with CPAP were included in this retrospective study. Patients who underwent CPAP treatment for <5 days/week and <4 h/day were excluded. Blood parameters, including MPV and PDW, were recorded before CPAP treatment and at the third month of CPAP treatment. All patients underwent polysomnographic evaluation with full night polysomnography and in the second night CPAP titration was performed together with full night polysomnography and MPV and PDW values were statistically compared before and after CPAP treatment. Results: Apnea hypopnea index was significantly reduced, whereas oxygen saturation was significantly increased at CPAP titration night (p<0.001). The third month of CPAP treatment resulted in significantly low PDW (p=0.004) values, but MPV values did not change. Conclusion: PDW value at the third month of CPAP treatment revealed a significant improvement compared with the values before treatment; moreover, no change was observed in MPV values. It was concluded that in patients with OSA who were treated with CPAP, activation of platelets may result in recovery.

ELISA has been phrased as Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay. The ELISA provide to detect autoantigens in autoimmune bullous disorders. Therefore, it is assited understanding of the immunopathogenesis of these diseases. Recently, commercial test systems has been developed for the diagnosis and course. The aim of this paper is to review applying investigation of the ELISA for autoimmune bullous disorders. (Turkderm 2011; 45 Suppl 1: 36-8)

One of the examples of behavioral patterns of employees is positive extra role behaviors. The purpose of this study is to determine the direct and indirect effects of contextual and attitudinal factors by focusing on organizational citizenship, which is one of those behaviors. The data which were collected from 384 employees of a private bank by using a survey form including Organizational Citizenship Behaviors Scale, Organizational Culture Scale and Organizational Commitment Scale were analyzed with structural equation modeling technique. The findings of this study indicate that the clan and development tendencies predict conscientiousness and courtesy, and the development tendency predicts sportsmanship and civic virtue behaviors of the employees’ extra role behaviors. Moreover organizational commitment has a partial mediator role in all these processes.

Stories, one of the literary genres in which the events taken place or possible to happen are described, are strong works in terms of message, content and thought regardless of their length. There are some stories in the world literature which alone convey the message that a novel wants to give. The permenance of stories, as in other literary genres, depends on whether they have characteristics such as the selection of characters, and their variety, the topic to be universal and humane, observation of diverse aspects of society, human dignity, democracy and freedom of expression, and resisting oppression. Works which are written in a strong style remain permanent in every period. Ak Welsapar, one of the successful representatives of modern-day Turkman literature, is one of the most important writers who achieved fame through stories he wrote about the above-mentioned topics during the Soviet period and the period after its collapse. He mentioned about and defended Turkman language, culture, belief, nature, women, children and youngsters, and never took a step back from what he maintained. He never made concesssions about his views and thoughts after the collapse of the Soviet Union, and fell out with the rulers of that period as he thought it would take a long time to adopt democracy after independence. However, that he defended the Turkman people and culture established a strong tie between himself and the readers, and this relationship has continued thanks to the present technology so far. In this respect, time has been in favour of the writer and the readers, and helped get close to each other. In this study, the stories written before and after the independence by Ak Welsapar, who lived in the Soviet Union period and is one of the important representatives of Turkman literature abroad, and their content will be studied. Also, some assessments will be made about the Turkman language, culture and literature of the time considering the subjects, characters, and the messages they convey in the stories.

Objective: In this study, we aimed to investigate smoking habits of women during pregnancy and determine the related factors. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a total of 1021 women were included in the first 24 h after they gave birth in the hospital between March and May 2014. The study was conducted at only one hospital. Participants were interviewed face-to-face by researchers using a questionnaire. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows v.22.0. The relation between categorical variables was determined using chi-square test. Statistical significance was achieved when the p value was less than 0.05. Ethics committee approval from the hospital and written informed consent from the participants were obtained for the study. Results: The frequency of smoking during pregnancy was 13.0%. The majority smoked until birth (10.1%). Household smoker was significantly associated with smoking during pregnancy (p<0.001), and advanced maternal age (>35 years) during pregnancy was associated with smoking until birth during pregnancy (p<0.05). Conclusion: The prevalence of smoking was still high among pregnant women in spite of strict measures and all efforts against smoking in Turkey. Advanced maternal age and household smoker were associated with smoking during pregnancy. Special focus is needed on the issue of smoking during pregnancy not only by pregnant women but also by their household’s members.

In this study, authentic leadership approach has been questioned on deans involved in the academic platform. Problematic of the study, what density the authentic leadership is seen in academics, how gender is reflected in behaviors come from different disciplines, and what impact attitudes and behaviors that constitute. The purpose of the study is to examine the phenomenon of authentic leadership. The data collection method is used in-depth interviews. The faculty deans were determined by purposive sampling method. The data collected with data encoding, and Nvivo was used for analysis. As a result, the dean of the faculties are seen in similar and different sides in authentic leadership, and it is found that women have more tendency on authentic leadership and also social sciences deans, and science faculties of the deans answers are indicated close features of concept.

Introduction: Radiofrequency ablation of tachyarrhythmia is effective in the treatment of tachycardia. In this study, we evaluated the results of radiofrequency catheter ablation of tachyarrhythmia.Patients and Methods: From December 2010 to January 2012, 114 consecutive patients with symptomatic drug-resistant typical slow-fast atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia, 17 patients with atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia (five Wolf Parkinson White syndrome), eight patients with atrial tachycardia, seven patients with atrial flutter, five patients with right ventricular outflow tract tachycardia and three patients with atrial fibrillation underwent an invasive electrophysiology study and radiofrequency ablation. Results: The 154 patients (age: 39.1 ± 17.2 years, body mass index: 24.3 ± 5.2 kg/m2, waist/hip ratio: 0.88 ± 5.2, systolic blood pressure: 128.3 ± 22.4 mmHg, diastolic blood pressure: 75.30 ± 9.0 mmHg, resting heart rate: 76.10 ± 8.2 beat/minute) with tachycardia (89 women, 65 men) were ablated. Procedure and fluoroscopy times were 57.5 ± 19.0 and 14.4 ± 4.1 minute respectively. The mean follow up period was 10.2 ± 4.3 months. During follow up period three patients with atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia, two patients with atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia, one patient with right ventricular outflow tract tachycardia and one patient with atrial fibrillation had recurrence.Conclusion: The transvenous radiofrequency ablation therapy is a safe and effective approach for the treatment of tachyarrhythmia under experienced hands.

Objective: Leukoclastic vasculitis is an inflammatory disease of the small vessels which frequently presents with skin and joint signs. The aim of the present study is to determine the clinical and demographical characteristics of the patients diagnosed as leukocytoclastic vasculitis in our clinic. Materials and Methods: Patients diagnosed to have leukocytoclastic vasculitis in our clinic between 2000 and 2009 were included in the study. Demographic characteristics of the patients as well as localization and type of the cutaneous lesions, etiology, symptoms, presence of extracutaneous symptoms, histopathological evaluation and treatment options, were retrospectively evaluated.Results: Median age of the 60 patients (36 female, 24 male) was 44 years. Pruritus (25%, n=15) and pain (18.3%, n=11) were the most frequent symptoms. Cutaneous lesions were most frequently localized in the lower extremity and usually presented as palpable pruritic papules and plaques. The most frequent etiologic factor was drugs (25%, n=15). Systemic corticosteroids were the most frequently used therapy of choice (38%, n=23). Conclusion: Leukocytoclastic vasculitis is a benign self limited disease which is frequently triggered by drugs. The most frequent clinical form is palpable pruritic papules or plaques localized in the lower extremity. Defining the etiologic cause is an important step to therapy, while systemic corticosteroid is an effective therapeutic choice.

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between burnout levels, communication skills and life satisfaction levels of football coaches. A survey was applied to 120 football coaches who attended to Football Coach Development Seminar that was held in July 2012 in Muğla and 80 surveys were evaluated after removing 40 incorrect surveys. As a result, a negative relationship (r=-.293, p&lt;,05) was determined between communication skills and emotional burnout levels of football coaches. A positive relationship (r=.280, p&lt;,05) was found between coaches' life satisfaction levels and the variable of age and a negative relationship (r=-.275, p&lt;,05) was found between coaches' life satisfaction levels and their education levels. In addition, a negative relationship (r=-.295, p&lt;,05) was observed between football coaches' communication skills and life satisfaction levels. These results show us that the higher communication skills of coaches decrease their occupational burnout levels but increase their life satisfaction levels. Özet Bu çalışmanın amacı, futbol antrenörlerinin tükenmişlik düzeyleri, iletişim becerileri ve yaşam tatminleri arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesidir. Muğla ilinde 2012 Temmuz ayında düzenlenen Futbol Antrenör Gelişim Seminerine katılan 120 antrenöre, anket uygulaması yapılmış, hatalı 40 anket çıkartılarak, 80 anket değerlendirmeye alınmıştır. Sonuç olarak; futbol antrenörlerinin iletişim becerileri ile duygusal tükenmişlik düzeyleri arasında negatif (r=-.293, <em>p</em>&lt;,05) bir ilişki saptanmıştır. Antrenörlerin yaşam tatmin düzeyleri ile yaş değişkeni arasında pozitif (r=.280, <em>p</em>&lt;,05), eğitim durumları arasında ise negatif bir ilişki (r=-.275, <em>p</em>&lt;,05) bulunmuştur. Ayrıca futbol antrenörlerinin iletişim becerileri ile yaşam tatmin düzeyleri arasında negatif (r=-.295, <em>p</em>&lt;,05) bir ilişki vardır. Bu sonuçlar bize, antrenörlerin iletişim becerilerinin yükseldikçe mesleki tükenmişiliklerinin azaldığını, yaşam tatmin düzeylerinin ise arttığını göstermektedir. </p>

As one of the crucial elements of education system, teachers’ professional development is important to equip them with the education to compensate the needs of modern life. The major aim of this research is to determine the views of school principals and science teachers on the concept of professional development, and identify factors which affect science teachers’ professional development. Both qualitative (semi-structured interview) and quantitative (survey) research methods were used in the research. The sample consisted of school principals and science teachers who were working in Nevşehir province and its districts. 6 school principals and 6 science teachers were interviewed in-depthly. In addition, data from 109 science teachers were also collected through questionnaires. The data obtained through interviews were analyzed by descriptive analysis. Simple correlation technique and percentage distributions were used to analyze the questionnaires. The research findings show that in general, the teaching profession is being perceived as a profession which starts with pre-service training and continues with in-service training; therefore, it is an ongoing process. It has also been discovered that in this process, "personal and external factors" affect science teachers' professional development. Thus, teachers’ professional development should be supported in line with these factors.

Today, in spite of the changing concept of education, the textbooks keep the major function as a lesson material. Compared to other lessons materials, the textbooks of Turkish lesson have a special importance about being the first written products in mother tongue education process. In this respect, developing of listening, speaking, reading and writing skills, the texts that are being in textbooks must be good example of language.In this study, Eighth Grade Elementary School Teachers Book of Turkish Lesson’ listening materials were examined in terms of certain variables and the contribution of listening texts to the listening skill.<br> <br> Ders kitapları, günümüzde, değişen eğitim anlayışına rağmen hâlâ dersin temel materyali olma işlevini devam ettirmektedir. Diğer derslerle karşılaştırıldığında; Türkçe dersi için ayrı bir öneme sahip olan ders kitapları, öğrencilerin ana dilini öğrenme sürecinde ilk karşılaştıkları yazılı dilsel ürünleri de içerisinde barındırmaktadır. Bu açıdan bakıldığında kitaplarda dinleme, konuşma, okuma ve yazma becerilerinin geliştirilmesi sürecinde öğrenciye iyi birer örnek olabilecek metinlerin yer alması öngörülmektedir. Çalışmada İlköğretim Sekizinci Sınıf Türkçe Dersi Öğretmen Kılavuz Kitabı’nda yer alan dinleme metinleri çeşitli değişkenler açısından incelenmiş, temel dil becerilerinden biri olan dinleme becerisine katkısı ortaya konulmuştur.

The aim of this research is to develop a valid and reliable scale which will be able to asses the level of self efficacy about music education of Turkish primary school student teachers. The scale, composed of 23 questions and prepared in 5 point likert scale, was applied to 137 primary school student teachers who were 3rd and 4th grades of Ahi Evran University Education Faculty Department of Primary Education in 2006-2007 academic year. The data was analised by SPSS software programme. After the factor analysis, 4 questions were taken out of the scale. There were 11 positive questions and 8 negative questions at “The Music Education Self Efficacy Scale”. Cronbach Alfa internal integrity of the scale was found to be 0.8410.

Academicians are the most important components of the universities. Therefore, aim of this study is to identify the burnout and job satisfaction levels of academic personnel in Hitit University, and to evaluate the relationship between some variables of academic personnel’s job satisfaction and burnout level. For this reason, 81 questionnaires were applied to academicians from the faculties of Engineering, Theology, Science and Letters, Economic and Administrative Sciences, School of Physical Education and Sports and School of Health and the finally Vocational Higher Schools in Hitit University in 2011-2012 educational year. Data collection instruments implemented are The Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) (Maslach and Jackson, 1981) and The Job Satisfaction Survey (Hackman and Oldham, 1975). The Personal Information Form was used to get some information about university academicians. Results indicate that, among the demographic variables, gender was significantly related to depersonalization burnout subscales. Found that these study male academicians have significantly higher mean scores on depersonalization than females. It is observed that academics job satisfaction and burnout sub dimensions are not varied with the variables of age, marital status, and weekly lesson load. This research indicates that job satisfaction level of middle revenue level is significantly higher than that of lower level. The results indicated that lecturer reported a higher level of depersonalization than professors/associate professor and assistant professor. Also, job satisfaction was found that inversely meaningful correlated with emotional exhaustion. According to this study result while emotional exhaustion is increasing job satisfaction decreases, while emotional exhaustion is decreasing job satisfaction increases. <br> Akademisyenler üniversitelerin en önemli bileşenleridir. Bunedenle çalışmanın amacı, Hitit Üniversitesi akademik personelinintükenmişlik ve iş doyumu düzeylerinin belirlenmesi ve akademikpersonelin iş doyumu ve tükenmişlik düzeylerinin bazı değişkenler ilearasındaki ilişkiyi değerlendirmektir. Bu nedenle, 81 anket 2011-2012öğretim yılında Hitit Üniversitesi’nin Mühendislik, İlahiyat, Fen-Edebiyat, İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakülteleri, Beden Eğitimi ve SporYüksekokulu ve Sağlık Yüksekokulu ve son olarak Meslek YüksekOkullarından akademisyenlere uygulandı. Veri toplama araçları olarakMaslach Tükenmişlik Ölçeği (MTÖ) ve İş Doyumu Anketi uygulandı.Üniversite öğretim üyeleri hakkında bazı bilgileri almak içinKişisel Bilgi Formu kullanılmıştır. Sonuçlar, demografik değişkenlerarasında, cinsiyet değişkeni ile tükenmişlik alt ölçeklerindenduyarsızlaşma arasında anlamlı ilişkili olduğunu göstermektedir(p<0.05). Bu çalışmada erkek akademisyenlerin duyarsızlaşmapuanlarının kadın akademisyenlere göre daha yüksek olduğu bulundu.Akademisyenlerin iş doyumu ve tükenmişlik alt boyutlarında yaş,medeni durum ve haftalık ders yükü değişkenleri ile anlamlı bir ilişkiolmadığı görülmektedir. Araştırma sonuçları, orta gelir düzeyindeolduğunu düşünen akademisyenlerin iş tatmini düzeyinin düşük gelirdüzeyinde olduğunu düşünen akademisyenlerden anlamlı ölçüdeyüksek olduğunu göstermektedir. Sonuçlar, öğretim görevlilerininprofesör/doçent ve yardımcı doçentlerden daha yüksek düzeydeduyarsızlaşma tükenmişlik puanlarına sahip olduklarını göstermiştir.Ayrıca, iş doyumu ile duygusal tükenmişlik arasında negatif yöndeanlamlı bir ilişki bulunmuştur (p<0.01). Buna göre, duygusal tükenmeartarken iş doyumu azalmakta, duygusal tükenme azalırken iş doyumuartmaktadır.

<p><strong>Abstract</strong></p> <p><strong> </strong></p> <p><strong>Objective</strong>: The purpose of this study was an evaluation of the reliability and validity of a scale for medical students’ attitudes towards the social dimensions of health and preventive services.  <strong>Method</strong>: 255 (72.9%) out of 350 fourth-year and 304 (83.9%) out of 83.9% of 362 sixth-year students in Ege University Medical Faculty participated the study at the beginning of the 2005-2006 academic-year. The reliability and validity of the scale, which was developed by the researchers,<strong> </strong>were assessed by Cronbach-alpha coefficients  and factor-analysis. <strong>Results:</strong> Three factors emerged (the importance of preventive services; the importance of the social dimensions of health; responsibilities in  preventive services) from the factor analysis. These factors explained 48.4% of the total variance. Cronbach alpha value was 0.77.  <strong>Conclusion:</strong> The scale developed and evaluated in this study is a reliable, valid and practicable tool which can be used in the assessment of medical students’ attitudes.</p> <p><strong>Key Words:</strong> Undergraduate medical education, attitude of medical students, preventive health services, social dimension of health, validity</p> <p><strong>Öğrencilerin Sağlığın Sosyal Boyutu ve Koruyucu Hizmetler ile İlgili Tutumlarını Belirleyen Bir Ölçeğin Değerlendirilmesi</strong></p> <p><strong>Özet</strong></p> <p><strong>Amaç:</strong> Bu çalışmanın amacı tıp öğrencilerinin sağlığın sosyal boyutu ve koruyucu hizmetler ile ilgili tutumlarını belirlemeye yönelik bir ölçeğin güvenilirlik ve geçerliliğinin belirlenmesidir. <strong>Yöntem:</strong> Çalışmaya 2005-2006 öğrenim yılının başında  dördüncü sınıfta olan 350 öğrencinin 255’i (% 72.9) ve altıncı sınıf olan 362 öğrencinin 304’ü (% 83.9) katılmıştır. Araştırıcılar tarafından geliştirilmiş olan ölçeğin güvenilirlik ve geçerliliği Cronbach-alpha değeri ve faktör analizi aracılığı ile değerlendirilmiştir.</p><p><strong>Bulgular:</strong> Faktör analizi sonucunda üç tema belirlenmiştir (koruyucu hizmetlerin önemi, sağlığın sosyal boyutunun önemi, koruyucu hizmetlerde sorumluluklar). Faktörler toplam varyansın % 48.4’ünü açıklamış, Cronbach-alpha değeri 0.77 olarak bulunmuştur. <strong>Sonuç: </strong>Bu çalışmada geliştirilen ve değerlendirilen ölçek tıp öğrencilerinin tutumlarının ölçülmesi amacıyla kullanılabilecek, güvenilir, geçerli ve pratik bir araçtır.</p> <p><strong>Anahtar Kelimeler:</strong> Mezuniyet öncesi tıp eğitimi, tıp öğrencilerinin tutumları, koruyucu sağlık hizmetleri, sağlığın sosyal boyutu, geçerlilik</p><p> </p>

In this paper we present and confront the main comparative static results - effects of labor supply, demand and institutional wage movements - of the (a) basic two-sector model in six different scenarios: free market; partial (one-sector) coverage with perfect intersector mobility; partial (one-sector) coverage with imperfect mobility (Harris-Todaro); multiple (two-sector) coverage with imperfect mobility (Bhagwati-Hamada); partial (one-sector) coverage with affiliation restrictions in the covered sector; partial (one-sector) coverage with limited employment generation ability in the traditional uncovered sector.

<div><p align="center"><strong><em>TV ADVERTISING AVOIDANCE: THE FACTORS INFLUINCING BEHAVIOURAL AND MECHANISTIC AVOIDANCE</em></strong></p><p><strong><em>Abstract: TV advertising avoidance, presents a main issue for advertisers and marketers. Creation of TV ads involves great effort, imaginative strategy formulation and high expenditures. The expectations of the companies and advertisers from the medium are intrinsically high. The current study examines the influence of both the general attitude towards advertising and the belief factors (product information, good for economy, hedonic/pleasure and materialism) on behavioral (e.g .making phone calls) and mechanical avoidance (e.g. zapping) by conducting surveys with the university students. Structural Equation Model is employed to investigate the relationship between the dependent and independent variables. It is believed that, the findings would make a significant contribution towards a development of the theory and create bases for a further research on this topic. </em></strong></p><p><strong><em>Keywords: Ad Avoidance, Behavioral Avoidance, Mechanical Avoidance, Beliefs, Attitude Toward Advertising.</em></strong></p><p><strong><em> </em></strong></p><strong><em><br clear="all" /> </em></strong><p align="center"><strong><em>TV REKLAMLARINDAN KAÇINMA: DAVRANIŞSAL VE MEKANİK KAÇINMAYA ETKİ EDEN FAKTÖRLER</em></strong></p><p><strong><em> </em></strong></p><p><strong><em>Özet: Reklamdan kaçınma davranışı, reklamcılar ve pazarlamacılar için oldukça önemli bir gündem oluşturmaktadır. Televizyon reklamlarının yaratılması yoğun çaba, yaratıcı strateji ve yüksek harcamaları kapsar. Firmaların ve reklamcıların bu iletişim aracından beklentileri ise doğal olarak yüksek olacaktır. Bu çalışma, hem inanç faktörlerinin (bilgilendirme, ekonomik fayda, zevk/hoşnutluk, materyalizm); hem de reklama yönelik genel tutumun, davranışsal ve mekanik kaçınma üzerindeki etkilerini üniversite öğrencileri ile yapılan bir anket çalışması ile incelemektedir. Bağımlı ve bağımsız değişkenler arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemek için Yapısal Eşitlik Modeli kullanılmıştır. Bulguların hem konuyla ilgili gelecekte yapılacak araştırmalarda hem de teori geliştirilmesinde önemli katkıları bulunacağı düşünülmektedir.</em></strong></p></div>

&nbsp;-

Paroxysmal hemicrania (PH) is characterized by frequent, short-lasting, severe, unilateral headaches that occur in association with cranial autonomic features. The hallmarks of this syndrome are relatively short attacks and a complete therapeutic response to indomethacin. Although PH has been classified as strictly unilateral headache in association with cranial autonomic features, a few cases have been reported that suggest bilateral PH. We report a case of PH with bilateral distribution and bilateral autonomic features. PH may actually represent a clinical spectrum including different phenotypes.

Cryptococcal meningitis is a severe opportunistic infection in HIV disease. Although the prevalence is declining with the expansion of antiretroviral treatment, it remains an important issue in resource-limited settings. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, PubMed, EMBASE and AJOL were searched with focus on epidemiology, mycology and pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment, and challenges in resource-limited settings, and future developments. Challenges particularly in resource-limited settings include inadequate diagnosis due to poor laboratory facilities and low index of suspicion, and poor availability of current effective antifungal drugs. Although studies are still on going on the use of interferon-&#947; in cryptococcal meningitis, the tempo of research on development of preventive cryptococcal vaccine should also be increased. [TAF Prev Med Bull 2013; 12(3.000): 335-342]

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate complianceof the stage II-III colon cancer patients to the adjuvantchemotherapy and to investigate the results of adjuvantchemotherapy in terms of toxicity in the same group of patients.Materials and Methods: Operated, stage II and III colorectalcancer patients post-operatively followed in Departmentof Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Oncologybetween December 2000 and December 2007 were enrolled into this study. Patients who were diagnosed as rectal cancer or who had metastases were excluded. Eleven (21.6%) of the 51 patients either did not accept chemotherapy or adjuvant chemotherapy was not offered. Thirty (58.8%) patients treated with FUFA (5 Fluoro-urasil/leucoverin) chemotherapy regimen and the resting 10 (19.9%) patients were treated with FOLFOX (Oxaliplatin/5 Fluoro-urasil/leucoverin) chemotherapy regimen. Toxicitiesthat emerged after treatment and patient adherence to treatment was evaluated.Results: Patients who were treated with FUFA chemotherapyregimen had better percentages of chemotherapy regimen completion, lesser mucositis and diarrhea rates, except neutropenia and neutropenic fever. Evaluation of patients who were treated with FOLFOX chemotherapy regimen that includes oxaliplatin revealed that completion of chemotherapy regimen rate and chemotherapy-associateddiarrhea rates were similar with the literature. There were differences between our results and literature in rates of neutropenia, neutropenic fever and neuropathy.Conclusions: Less adverse effects were seen in adjuvant chemotherapy application of operated colorectal cancer patients with either stage II or stage III.

Manuscript Style

Defining past settlements are considered rather important instudies of Historical Geography. Reading those names which arerecorded in archival sources and determining the settlements (village,field etc.) in question cause several difficulties. This can get moredifficult so long as the time span studied dates back from the timebeing. By the time goes, settlement are deserted, their names arereplaced with new ones or they are thoroughly swept away. Althoughplace names (formers and latters) are known by the people of the placesin question, those names might totally be forgotten corresponding to thetime span goes back. To shed light on history of settling, localization ofsettlements and the formal forms of their names are quite significant.Because those old place names give several hints pertinent to the placesas well as it is related to inform us about evolution of them. And in thisarticle, settlements recorded in property registries of Çerkeş district in1530 have been localizated. As a complementing of this localizationstudy, names of those settlements in question have been analyzed.Through toponymic analysis of place names, semantic, morphologic andetymologic features of the names in Turkish as well as in Anatoliansettling names have been tried to get clear. The village names of Çerkeşwhich are analyzed in toponymic methods give us some clues aboutsocio-cultural structure. <br> Tarihi coğrafya çalışmalarında geçmiş dönem yerleşmelerinin tespiti (lokalizasyonu) oldukça büyük bir önem taşımaktadır. Arşiv kaynaklarında yer alan yerleşme adlarının hem okunuşu hem de söz konusu yerleşme ve buna bağlı olan köy, çiftlik, mezraa, kışlak, yayla vb. yer/nokta tespitini yapmak bir takım güçlükleri de beraberinde getirmektedir. Özellikle çalışma dönemi günümüzden geriye gittikçe bu durum daha da zorlaşabilmektedir. Zaman içinde yerleşmeler terkedilmekte veya isimleri değiştirilmekte yerine yeni isimler verilmekte ve zamanla eski isim tamamen ortadan kalkmaktadır. Bazen bu isimler o yerleşmenin yerel halkı tarafından (hem yeni hem de eski adı) bilinmekte olduğu gibi bazende geçen zamanın uzunluğuna bağlı olarak söz konusu eski isimler tamamen unutulabilmektedir. Yerleşme tarihinin ortaya konulması açısından yerleşmelerin lokalizasyonu ve eski isimleri oldukça önemlidir. Çünkü geçmiş dönemde verilen bu yer adları o mekanla ilgili olarak çeşitli bilgiler verdiği gibi yaşadığı dönüşümün ortaya konması ile ilgili de olabilmektedir. İşte bu çalışmada da 1530 yılı Çerkeş Kazası tahrir defterinde yer alan yerleşmelerin lokalizasyonu yapılmıştır. Bu lokalizasyon çalışmasını tamamlayıcı nitelikte olarak, söz konusu yerleşme adlarının toponimik analizi de yapılmıştır. Yer adlarının toponimik analizi sayesinde, bu yerlerin hem Türkçedeki hem Anadolu yer adları arasındaki anlamsal, biçimsel ve kökensel mahiyetleri aydınlatılmaya çalışılmıştır. Toponimik tahlile tâbi tutulan köy adları Çerkeş’in sosyo-kültürel yapısı hakkında ipuçları vermektedir.

...

ÇAĞDAŞ DİLBİLİM AÇISINDAN ORTAÇLAR

Objectives: Diabetes has been reported to increase the risk of end stage renal disease. To prevent the progression of diabetic nephropathy (DN) search for newer approaches is warranted as diabetic patients despite good metabolic control show progressive renal damage. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of low molecular heparin (LWMH) and vitamin E in patients with diabetic nephropathy.Materials and methods: Twenty five clinically proved adult cases of DN with adequate glycemic and blood pressure control achieved with insulin or oral hypoglycemics and anti hypertensive agents (excluding ACE inhibitors and ARBs) were included. At the start of the study, patients were put on LWMH (3200 IU S/C once daily) for one month and thereafter a washout period of one month was given, following which patients received anti-oxidant vitamin-E (200mg, once daily) for three months.Results: Patients at the baseline have microalbuminuria levels ranging for 41.0 to 290.0 mg/ 24hr. One month of LMWH reduced it from 133.0±74.4 to 93.3±62.1 mg/24hr (p<0.001). Vitamin E supplementation for 3 months did not bring any statistically significant change in the values of microalbuminuria which varied from 95.2±13.0 to 94.2±12.9 mg/24hr (p>0.05). The microalbuminuria levels did not revert back to the baseline till the end of the study (5 months).Conclusion: Our results indicated that, though not a part of standard regime, LMWH treatment followed by vitamin E supplementation needs to be considered in the incipient stage of DN.

Sigmoid volvulus is an extremely rare disease among young adults. This may cause delay in diagnosis and treatment and so it may cause life threatening ischemia and necrosis at the colon. In this article we present the case which was confirmed to be sigmoid volvulus with tomographic examinations which was carried upon suspicion of sigmoid volvulus in a 17 years old girl who attended with increasing abdominal pain, constipation, obstipation and distention complaints. Taking a detailed history, performing a physical examination and evaluation of laboratory tests of a patient presenting with complaints like abdominal pain, constipation and distention are the most essential steps to diagnose the sigmoid volvulus. The most important method for early diagnosis in young adults is to keep the diagnosis in mind. So it would be possible to plan advanced radiologic and endoscopic examinations which would confirm the diagnosis. J Clin Exp Invest 2014; 5 (1): 122-125

Âgehî was born in the town called Yenice, Vardar in today’s Bulgaria. His name was Mansur. He attended the local madrasah and gradually rose to the seat of chief lecturer and served as a judge for awhile. He also worked in the royal naval force with Kaptan Piyale Paşaand reflected his naval experience to a poem in which he used wordsrelated to the marine life. This eulogy or kasidah is quite originalbecause it very well reflects the richness of marine corps’ jargon.Known also as the “Keşti Kasidah” it earned fame to Âgehî and led to aminor poetry movement. And some paralell poems called nazire andtahmis were written afterwards.The poetry of poets who weren’t able to collect their work in aDivan reached today through the hand written poetry notebooks calledmecmua collected poetry book. These collections did a unique job in thesense that many poems survived through these kind of notebooks.Âgehî, too, is one of the poets whose poems are known through themecmuas. He is known to have written not so many poems but has areputation in the Divan poetry.This article tells about another Kasidah by Âgehî titled as “ŞütürKasidah”, which seems to be as original as the Keşti Kasidah. Thispoem is rather different from the conventional kasidah or eulogiumsince it gathers about one word and conceptualize it as a symbol in sufitradition. It was transcribed, paraphrased and interpreted so as toidentify the meanings of the word şütür. <br> XVI. yy. şairlerinden Âgehî, Vardar Yenicesi’nde doğmuştur. Asıl adı Mansur olan şair, Hâce Kaynı Mehemmed Çelebi’den mülazım olmuş, sonrasında müderrislik ve kadılık görevlerinde bulunmuştur. Âgehî, kadılıktan azledilmişken 1577’de İstanbul’da ölmüştür. Hayatının bir döneminde Kaptan Piyale Paşa ile donanmada bulunan şair, yaşadığı dönemin denizcilik terimlerini kullanarak bir kaside yazmıştır. Kullanılan kelime kadrosu ve yapılan benzetmeler itibariyle orijinal olan bu kaside Osmanlı gemici dilinin zenginliğini göstermesi açısından oldukça önemlidir. Âgehî, “keştî kasidesi” olarak bilinen bu şiiriyle hayli şöhret kazanmış ve küçük çaplı bir akımın da kaynağı olmuştur. “keştî kasidesi”ne pek çok şair tarafından nazire ve tahmisler yazılmıştır.Âgehî, az sayıda şiir yazmış olmasına rağmen Divan edebiyatının önemli şairlerinden birisi olarak kendisini kabul ettirmiştir. Divanı bulunmayan şairlerin şiirlerine çeşitli şiir mecmualarında rastlamak mümkündür. Divanı olmayan şairlerin şiirleri, mecmualar kanalıyla unutulmaktan kurtularak sonraki nesillere taşınmıştır. Bu yönüyle mecmualar edebiyat tarihimizdeki önemli bir boşluğu doldurmaktadır.Bu makalede Âgehî’nin pek çok açıdan “keştî kasidesi” gibi orijinal olan ve bugüne kadar üzerinde durulmayan “şütür kasidesi” şiir mecmuaları yoluyla gün yüzüne çıkarılmış, transkribe edilerek incelenmiştir. Böylelikle mecmuaların divanı bulunmayan şairler açısından önemli bir işlevine vurgu yapılmıştır. Klasik kaside muhtevasından farklı olan “şütür kasidesi”, özellikle “şütür” kelimesine yüklenen anlamlar itibariyle dikkat çekicidir. Âgehî, bu kasidede alışılmışın dışına çıkararak Divan şiirinin ifade dünyasını genişletmeye çalışmıştır.

Since ADHD is a matter of clinical diagnosis, occupational proficiency gains utmost importance on behalf of psychologists. The aim of this research is to determine the knowledge level of students on attention deficiency and hyperactivity disorder, who study in different classes of the Psychology Department in Uludağ University. The study is conducted on a total of 151 volunteering students from four different classes in the Psychology Department of Uludağ University. A questionnaire was administered to measure the knowledge level of these students on ADHD, who participated in the research. The points received from the questionnaire that was used to measure the participants’ level of knowledge on ADHD were compared in terms of sex, age and socio-demographic characteristics and no significant differences were found among the groups. The results of the study demonstrate that psychology students’ accumulation of knowledge on ADHD is unsatisfactory.

It is important to determine pre-service teachers’ attitudes towards environmental problems who will train decision-making individuals in the future. In this study, it was aimed to determine attitudes towards environmental problems. Their attitudes towards environmental problems were assessed according to several variables such as gender, undergraduate program and place of residence. The study was conducted with pre-service teachers being taught at seven different universities located in different regions of Turkey in the spring semester of the 2007-2008 academic year. Data were collected through a 30-item scale measuring attitudes Towards environmental problems. The Cronbach alpha reliability coefficient of the scale was calculated as .81. As a result of this study, it was found out that pre-service teachers’ attitudes towards environmental problems are at moderate level, female pre-service teachers’ attitudes towards environmental problems are more positive than those of male pre-service teachers, and significantly different.

Using the robotic arms instead of human power becomes increasingly widespread nowadays. Widening of the robotic arms usage field is parallel to improvement of movement capability of it. In this study PUMA Robotic Arm System that is a developed system of the robotic arms was compared with a human arm due to movement. A new joint was added to PUMA Robotic Arm System to have the movements similar to the human shoulder joint. Thus, a shoulder was designed that can make movements through the sides in addition to fore and back movement.

In this study, a new microcontroller circuit was designed and new computer software was implemented to control power flow currents of renewable energy system, which is established in Solar Energy Institute, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey. PIC18F452 microcontroller based electronic circuit was designed to control another electronic circuit that includes power electronic switching components. Readily available standard control circuits are designed for switching single level inverters. In contrary, implemented circuit allows to switch multilevel inverters. In addition, because the efficiency of solar energy panels is considerably low, solar panels should be operated under the maximum power point (MPP). Therefore, MPP algorithm is included in the designed control circuit. Next, the control circuit also includes a serial communication interface based on RS232 standard. Using this interface enables the user to choose all functions available in the control circuit and take status report via computer software. Last, a general purpose command set was designed to establish communication between the computer software and the microcontroller-based control circuit. As a result, it is aimed that this study supply a basis for the researchers who want to develop own control circuits or more visual software.

From JCAM to Readers

<p>Bu çalışmada Brahma (<em>Gallus gallus</em>) horoz testisindeki bazı glikokonjugatların (α-D-Man, α-D-Glc, N-asetil-D-Galaktozamin, Fucα1-2Gal-R, Galaktoz-β1,3-N-asetilgalaktozamin, GlcNAcβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-4GlcNAc, Neu5Ac) lektin (Con A, SBA, UEA-I, PNA, WGA) histokimyasal yöntemlerle analizinin yapılması amaçlandı. Uygulanan lektin histokimyasal yöntemler sonucunda primer spermatositlerde Con A lektininde çok güçlü bağlanma gözlenirken Leydig hücrelerinde zayıf bağlanma gözlendi. Sekonder spermatositlerin zayıftan güçlüye kadar tüm glikokonjugatları içerdiği belirlendi. WGA lektinine karşı erken ve geç dönem spermatidlerde çok güçlü reaksiyon gözlenirken Leydig hücrelerinde reaksiyon gözlenmedi. Spermatogonyumlarda ve lamina propriyanın bazal laminasında SBA ve PNA lektinlerine karşı çok güçlü reaksiyon saptandı. UEA-I ve SBA lektin işaretlenmesi Leydig hücrelerinde saptanmadı. Peritubuler hücrelerde zayıf (Con A, UEA-I, SBA) ve orta yoğunlukta (WGA ve PNA) bağlanma saptandı. Sertoli hücrelerinin çok yoğun şekilde tüm glikokonjugatları içerdiği belirlendi.</p>

Culture, considered as a society identity, is an important element to improve social unity. Besides, cultural activities and services are common need for individuals. Therefore this kind of services provided by government effects the social welfare positively. Public cultural spending is determined by economic, demographic, social and politic factors. This paper examines the effects of these factors on cultural spending for 9 OECD countries by using annual data over 1990-2009 period. We test stationary features of data using Panel LM (Lagrange Multiplier) unit root test which determines the structural breaks endogenously. Then by employing panel data techniques it was found that cultural spending is negatively correlated with per capita income growth and positively correlated with population growth, young population, unemployment and the measure of left-wing party dominance in the parliament. Furthermore we conclude that demographic factors are much more effective on cultural spending then other factors relatively.

To the Lighthouse is one of the most influential works of Virginia Woolf and it is inevitable to find traces of Feminism in any of Woolf’s works. From the perspective of Feminist Criticism, this article tries to solve the gender identity problem in To the Lighthouse and focuses upon the struggle of the Modern woman against the dominant Patriarchal male characters and submissive female characters trying to find her own way out.

In this study, the growth and spread characteristics of macrophytes were identified by sub-water monitoring studies in Eğirdir Lake. Also, physicochemical parameters that effect on plant biomass were determined. The average temperature of 21 °C, oxygen 11.48 mg/l, pH 9.4, electrical conductivity 385.6 mS/cm, organic matter, 21.9 mg/l, chlorophyll-a 0.7 mg/m3 visibility, 2.73 m, the average biomass was 413.4 g/m2 between 2011 and 2012. The water depth in 2011 decreased by 52 cm and 55 cm in 2012. The most effective parameter on the growth and spread of plants was found as decrease in the water depth.

The paper discusses the Turk languages, respectively the Altai languages from the important aspects as classification, transcription as well as distribution and history. The family relationships among the Ural-Altaic are also an important aspect. The classification, distribution and number of speaker of the Uralic is also anchored, intentional and irrespective of the existence of a relationship.Especially the classification of the ur- Altaic and its derivates are treated illustratively. Hereby, perspectives different experts are briefly outlined. These perspectives as well as the illustrations are based on the turkology, respectively on the accepted sources in the field of UralAltaic.The paper comprises new constructive ideas as well as contrastive comparisons. The linguistic records of experts were treated preferential. Despite intented to analyse the development, distribution and classification of the Ural-Altaic language group in general, the Turk languages are favored due to their spread, high number of speaker and their varying transcription. Furthermore, the demographic significance of the turk languages are not fully understood. Turkologists treat this subject justifiably subject-specific and mostly very complicated. Hence, the paper is expected to fill a gap through its different perspective <br> <br> Bu çalışmada Türk Dillerinin, daha doğrusu Altay Dilllerinin tarihi, yayıldığı coğrafya, bu dillerin yazı sistemleri ve sınıflandırılmaları ve bu konuda yapılan tartışmalar bütün yönleri ile incelenmektedir. Aynı zamanda altay ve ural dil gruplarının akrabalığı konu edilmektedir. Burada Ural dil grubu ile Altay dil grubu kökenleri itibari ile sanki ayni bir İlk-Dilden geliyormuş gibi sınıflandırıldı, yayıldığı coğrafya ve bu dilleri konuşanların sayısal dağılımı da aynı şekilde bu çalışmada incelendi. Özellikle İlk-Altayca ve onun türevlerinin sınıflandırılması çizimlerle desteklendi. Çizelgelerin ortaya çıkarılmasında değişik kanatlardan bilim adamlarının fikirleri önemle dikkate alındı. Çizimler olsun diğer değerlendirmeler olsun hepsi Ural-Altay dilleri alanında uzman bilim adamlarının düşüncelerine dayandırıldı. Çalışma bir çok yeni ve yapıcı fikri ortaya koyarken aynı zamanda da konuyla alakalı muhalif fikirlere de yeterince yer vermektedir. Ural ve Altay Dil gruplarının akrabalık konusunda yapılan tartışmaların önemine binaen, lenguistik delillere öncelikle yer verilmiştir. Japonya’dan Orta-Avrupa’ya kadar geniş bir coğrafyaya yayılmış olan bu dillerin önemi yeterince anlaşılmadığı ortadadır. Genelde Türkologların özellikle de batılı Türkologların yapmış olduğu çalışmalar, çoğunlukla uzman ve karmaşık alanlarda kaldığından, bu çalışma daha klasik bir konuyu ve bahsi geçen dil gruplarının demografik yapısını incelemekle önemli bir boşluğu dolduracaktır

When both religious or theological background in Spinoza’s own thought and philosophical or theological background in his writings is not ignored, just then it can be a matter of understanding and perception him healthily. Spinoza is one of the most controversial philosophers in terms of religious, theological and philosophical understanding in the history of philosophy, and as long as to be read and perceived correctly his work Theological-Political Treatise, there will go away lots of misunderstanding attributed to him. Here in this paper, we will point out the significant points to take into account on reading and understanding of the aforementioned treligious and philosophical work which to contribute to understanding of Spinoza’s philosophy entirely in truest and health.

Knowledge of students and knowledge of teaching strategies could be regarded as the main components of teachers’ knowledge. The purpose of this study was to investigate how elementary mathematics teachers interpret the students’ answers including erroneous representation, which strategies these teachers offer to overcome students’ errors and how their interpretations and offered strategies differ in terms of their experience years. Basic qualitative research approach was used. For the purpose of the study, clinical interviews were conducted with 5 elementary mathematics teachers, and 3 of teachers’ professional experience is less than ten years and 2 of teachers’ professional experience is more than thirty years. Results of the study revealed that teachers poorly interpret the students’ errors and correspondingly they offer only limited strategies in order to overcome students’ errors. Furthermore, results showed that -contrary to expectations- less-experienced and highly experienced teachers showed similar results in terms of their interpretations of students’ answers and offered strategies in order to overcome students’ errors.

Objective: Healthcare workers are at risk of infection due to exposure to blood and other body fluids. In this study, it was aimed to determine seroprevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in 327 healthcare workers of Trabzon Chest Diseases (TCD) Hospital between the years 2006 and 2008. Method: In the study, personnel information forms of the TCD hospital created for the purpose of health screening between the years 2006 to 2008 were evaluated retrospectively. Results for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), hepatitis B surface antibody (anti HBs), HCV antibody (anti HCV) and HIV antibody (anti HIV) at the form were evaluated.Results: Evaluation of the serological markers of hepatitis B virus showed that 135 (41.3%) of healthcare workers were not vaccinated, 135 (41.3%) of them were vaccinated, 49 (15%) of them were naturally immune, and 8 (2.4%) of them were carrier. All of the seronegative healthcare workers for HBV were included to a hepatitis B immunization program. All hospital workers were found negative for anti HIV and 3 (0.9%) of them were identified as positive for anti HCV.Conclusion: HBV, HCV and HIV screening tests should be performed among all health care workers at risk, and their current infection status should be identified. Particularly, HBV vaccination is important to protect non-immune personnel .

Aim: In this study, we aimed to measure malondialdehyde levels by two different methods and compare these methods. Material and Methods; Serum malondialdehyde levels of 60 volunteers were measured with thiobarbituric acid test and high pressure liquid chromatography after derivatization of malondialdehyde with 2,4 dinitrophenylhydrazine and these two methods were compared. Results A statistically significant difference (p&amp;lt;0.001) has been found in serum malondialdehyde levels measured by high pressure liquid chromatography (1.85&amp;plusmn;0.09 &amp;mu;mol/L) and spectrophotometry (2.47&amp;plusmn;0.18 &amp;mu;mol/L). Cohesion : between measurements made by two different methods have been evaluated and the interclass correlation coefficient has been found as 0.365 (p=0.042). Statistically significant, weak-mild degree correlation has been found between measurements (r=0.284, p=0.028). Conclusions: High pressure liquid chromatography method for malondialdehyde measurement after derivatization with 2,4 dinitrophenylhydrazine provided a more accurate and sensitive assessment of lipid peroxidation than the conventional spectrophotometric thiobarbituric acid method.

This study aims at identifying the teachers’ needs of new pedagogical approaches in technology-assisted courses. Data were collected through semi-structured interview form from 12 voluntary teachers from different branches at a technology-supported private school. Findings showed that teachers perceived smart boards and PowerPoint presentations as the fundamentals in classes. Results also indicated that the participants had troubles of integrating technologies at times despite of participating training on the use of instructional technologies. The study also revealed that in technology supported courses excessive concentration on technology hinders dealing with the students, and that the students' individual characteristics were neglected. Finally, the findings of the study indicated that different teaching strategies and approaches were not applied, the authentic materials and models were not used in classes. In the study it is recommended that teachers should be informed about integration of technology and pedagogy.

Mnemonics are commonly used in medical procedures as cognitive aids to guide clinicians all over the world. The mnemonic ‘FAST HUG’ (Feeding, Analgesia, Sedation, Thromboembolic prophylaxis, Head-of-bed elevation, stress Ulcer prevention, and Glycemic control) was proposed almost ten years ago for patient care in intensive care units and have been commonly used worldwide. Beside this, new mnemonics were also determined for improving routine care of the critically ill patients. But none of this was accepted as much as “FAST HUGS”. In our clinical practice we delivered an another mnemonic as FAST HUGS with ICU (Feeding, Analgesia, Sedation, Thromboembolic prophylaxis, Head-of-bed elevation, Stress ulcer prevention, and Glucose control, Water balance, Investigation and Results, Therapy, Hypo-hyper delirium, Invasive devices, Check the daily infection parameters, Use a checklist) for checking some of the key aspects in the general care of intensive care patients. In this review we summarized these mnemonics.

Aim: We aimed to investigate the effect of elective percutan transluminal coronary angioplasty on right ventricular systolic functions using isovolumetric acceleration time in patients with isolated proximal right coronary artery (RCA) lesions and compare this method with other echocardiographic methods. Material and Method: 33 patients (29 men and 4 women) were selected among patients whose angiographies had been performed for stable coronary artery disease and who were admitted for elective PTCA. These patients were patients with isolated proximal RCA lesions and preserved left and right ventricular functions. The selected patients had no history of myocardial infarction or comorbid diseases. The mean age was 57.6&plusmn;9 years. All patients were evaluated by transthorasic echocardiography before and within 24 hours after the proccess. Tricuspit annular isovolumic myocardial acceleration time (IVA) determined by tissue Doppler, tricuspit filling pattern, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE), right ventricular myocardial performance index(MPI) values which showes right ventricular functions, were noted. Results: When right ventricular functions were evaluated we found significant difference for right ventricular MPI, TAPSE and IVA values after PTCA process. MPI value was 0.39&plusmn;0.64 before PTCA and 0.37&plusmn;0.61 (p=0.05) after PTCA, TAPSE value was 2.7&plusmn;0.4 before PTCA and 2.9&plusmn;0.3 (p=0.01) after PTCA, right ventricular IVA value was 4.1&plusmn;1.6 before the process and 5.5&plusmn;2.2 (p=0.0001) after the process. Discussion: In our study we showed that successful revascularisation provides more improvement in right ventricular functions and this improvement can be determined by tissue Doppler, IVA objectively. &nbsp;

New product development is an important process for business’ sustainability. Making decisions that related to new product’s entering to marketing must depent on this product’s cost. Especially, at the design level new product’s standart cost is efficient for making decisions. Because of that cost determination an management activity is started from design level and continued through the product’s life cycle. Target costing is a cost management tool that is used at design level for cost determination and management. At this article, new product development process and at this process how to calculate costs in this process are examined.

Objective: The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence of AAA in aged 65 years and above that had been referred for US screening, the association between risk factors for atherosclerosis and AAA, and the effectiveness of screening a population aged 65 years and above with atherosclerosis risk factors using ultrasound (US). Methods: Patients 65 years and over who had undergone US examination for any reason were invited to participate. The 600 patients (335 male, 265 female) who agreed to participate completed a survey of atherosclerosis risk factors. Aneurysm levels in patients with infrarenal or suprarenal AAA were measured using US. Statistical analysis was performed to identify the relationship between AAA and several atherosclerosis risk factors. Results: Of the 600 patients, 35 (5.8%; 33 male and 2 female) patients were diagnosed with AAA. Males and females represented 94.3% and 5.7% of the AAA-diagnosed population, respectively, and 5.5% and 0.3% of the screened population, respectively. Thirty of the AAA-diagnosed patients (85.7%) were between 65 and 79 years and 5 (14.3%) 80 years and above. A significant relationship was found between AAA and advanced age, male sex, smoking, and coronary artery disease and an inverse relationship between AAA and diabetes mellitus (p<0.05). Conclusion: Individuals age 65 and over with atherosclerotic risk factors for AAA should be screened to prevent possible rupture. Performance of US in radiology clinics is an effective means of identifying these patients.

Aim: The objective of the present study was to explore associations between obesity and musculoskeletal pain, quality of life (QoL), depression and physical activity level among children. Material and Method: The study enrolled 40 children diagnosed with obesity at endocrinology outpatient clinics and a control group of healthy children with normal body mass index. Presence of musculoskeletal pain was questioned. Children allocated in both groups were administered the Quality of Life Scale for Children, the Depression Scale for Children and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form.Results: There was no difference between obese children and control group with respect to mean age and sex distribution. Obese children were found to have a higher frequency of musculoskeletal pain compared to control group (p < 0.01). Scores for physical function and psychosocial health domains of the QoL scale were significantly low among obese children (p < 0.001 and p < 0.01, respectively). Study groups did not show differences in emotional function domain of the QoL scale and depression scale. Although both groups were similar with regard to physical activity level, obese children were found to spend significantly longer time sitting during the day (p

AIM: This study was aimed at determining the knowledge of and attitude towards ARV therapy among People Living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) in Ife-Ijesa zone of Osun State, south west Nigeria. METHOD: One hundred and twenty subjects who received ARV drugs at the Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital Complex, Ile-Ife (OAUTHC) and Living Hope Care, Ilesa (LIHOC) were recruited and studied. Relevant data were collected using an interviewer-administered, semi-structured questionnaire. Focus group discussions (FGD) were also held among the subjects to further elicit qualitative information on the knowledge and attitude towards ARV. RESULTS: The age of respondents ranged from 21 to 65 years with a mean age of 40.2&#177;10.3 years. Majority (70.8%) were aged 15 to 44 years, with a female preponderance (male to female ratio of 1:1.9). Respondents had been on ARV drugs for a period ranging between 3 and 60 months. A majority (80.8%) of the PLWHA had good knowledge of ARV drugs while a sizeable proportion (77%) of them demonstrated a positive attitude towards it. Majority of FGD participants reported missing doses of ARV due to forgetfulness, hiding the drugs because of stigma and lack of funds. Marital status, level of education, religious affiliation and regular attendance at support group meeting were significantly associated with good knowledge of and positive attitude towards ARV while duration of commencement of ARV was only significantly associated with positive attitude towards ARV. CONCLUSION: PLWHA in Ife-Ijesa zone of Osun State demonstrated good knowledge of ARV therapy and also displayed a positive attitude towards it. There is a need to reinforce these factors, so that it can translate to good ARV adherence. [TAF Prev Med Bull 2010; 9(3.000): 201-208]

Aim: The interaction of mastalgia with the severity of depression and quality of life is examined. Material and Method: This study was performed on 105 women screened for breast cancer having no organic pathology causing mastalgia. The severity of pain, depression, and quality of life were evaluated through Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and Short Form-36 Health Survey (SF-36). Results: The mean VAS and BDI scores were 5 (1-10) and 17 (2-41), respectively. Of the patients, 49% (n=51) were referred to psychiatry polyclinics. Accordingly, 58% were depressive, 30% were anxious and 4% were depressive and anxious. The patients obtained the highest scores from physical and social functioning domains of SF-36. A moderate negative association was detected between age and physical function (PF) (r=-0.235, p=0.01), while there was a mild positive association between age and vitality energy (r=0.198, p=0.04). There was a mild negative association between BDI and PF (r=-0.146), while there were good positive associations between BDI and mental health and mental component summary scores (r=-0.563, r=-0.559). Moderate negative associations were detected between VAS and eight domains and 2 summary scores of SF-36. Discussion: Mastalgia negatively effected the life quality of women, psychological factors should be considered. &nbsp;

Aim: The aim of this study was to consider clinical features, laboratory findings, treatment alternatives, complications and responsible agents of Steven’s Johnson Syndrome (SJS) and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (TEN) in childhood. Materials and Method: The patients who were diagnosed with Steven’s Johnson syndrome (SJS) or Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (TEN) and followed by Department of Dermatology, Division of Pediatric Neurology and Division of Pediatric Allergy of Uludag University Faculty of Medicine, between 2000-2008 were evaluated retrospectively.Results: Records of 14 patients (7 females/ 7 males) were examined. Nine of the patients had SJS, 2 had SJS-TEN overlap syndrome and the rest 3 had TEN. Nine patients had history of using drugs for epilepsy and the others for anxiety, tooth abscess, cryptic tonsillitis, otitis media and bronchiolitis. Eleven of the patients (78.5%) had multiple drug intake. In 7 patients (50%) Lamotrigine (4 of 7 patients was also taken Valproic acid) and in other patients oxcarbamazepine, azytromicine, phenytoin, imipramine, cefuroxime axetil, ciprofloxacin, ceftriaxone were responsible for SJS and TEN. Twelve patients were treated with systemic corticosteroids and 2 with intravenous immunoglobulin. All of the patients were cured.Conclusion: Although drug reactions were seen less frequently in children compared to adults, it must be taken into consideration that there is the risk of developing severe drug reactions like SJS and TEN in children who have been using such drugs for a long time or using multipl drugs for extended periods. (Journal of Current Pediatrics 2008; 6: 104-10)

This study examines elementary preservice teachers’ self-efficacy beliefs. Quantitative and qualitative research methods were used in this study. In the quantitative part, data were collected from 122 final year preservice teachers. The instrument developed by Tschannen–Moran and Woolfolk–Hoy (2001) was administered to preservice teachers. Findings of the quantitative part revealed that preservice teachers’ self-efficacy towards teaching profession was not fully adequate. There were no differences amongst preservice teachers’ self-efficacy towards teaching regarding gender and achievement. In the qualitative part of the study, preservice teachers responded to factors involving Student Engagement and Classroom Management based on experiences that they gained in teaching practice. However, their explanation relied on their theoretical knowledge regarding the Instructional Strategies factor. This could be explained as they have lack of experiences regarding this factor

Establishing a control system in a medium-scale weaving mill by using statistical process control techniques was worked on and considered that the control system also would be a model for weaving mills. To determine production parameters and control them according to a definite sampling plan, the loom stoppages were investigated with their reasons and the defects on the fabric were detected during running of looms in process inspection. Therefore three different kinds of cord and a poplin fabric were observed. Analysis of loom-stoppages gives information about problems which are present in yarns, weaving preparation, weaving processes, and particularly indicates yarn quality, weaving machine adjustments and weaving preparation processes. In conclusion of woven fabric quality evaluations it was determined that the rate of defects originated from yarn is rather higher than that of defects originated from weaving preparation/weaving process.

Prisons and imprisonment is a common theme in almost all KemalTahir’s novels especially that of Esir Sehrin Mahpusu (The Prisoner of theEnslaved City), Rahmet Yolları Kesti (The Rain Blocked the Roads), KurtKanunu (The Wolf’s Law), Namusçular (Fort the Sake of Honor), andKarılar Koğusu (The Women’s Ward). Karılar Koğusu, which will beanalysed in this article, is published after Kemal Tahir’s death from hisalmost complete novel notes from the twelve years he spent in prison, andconcerned mainly with the prison life, the justice system and individualpsychologies. Kemal Tahir amassed information about the women ofAnatolia during his long prison term. In his Karılar Koğusu, he ispreoccupied with describing women criminals serving sentences in the nameof chastity, honor, revenge or murder because of love.

In this study, it is aimed to examine the isokinetic force development of the sportsmen who had an anterior cruciate ligament operation. This research was executed on 19 person, 10 of them were sportsmen and 9 of them were not, who attended to the department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Center of Selcuk University between the years of 2004–2005 for this purpose, the isokinetic muscle forces of patients (820–130 type Biodex system isokinetic exercise measurement device) attended to the research was examined by determining their preliminary preparation. Statistical analysis of the obtaining parameters were performed on SPSS 15.0 (19) program. Diversities between control and informant group were determined by t-test and also the diversity of each group among weeks were stated by paired t-test. There was no difference on the body heights and body weights of the control and informant groups, but is was determined that the control group was older than the informant group. There was an increase in the PT (Peak torque) measurement of isokinetic force development (flexion and extansion) within the control and informant groups according to the weeks . During the statistical research on the extansion 60°/sec, 120°/sec and flexion 60°/sec, 120°/sec it was observed that the isokinetic measurement value of the informant group was higher than the control group. Although there was no difference between the flexion 60°/sec and 120°/sec PT isokinetic measurement values during the first four weeks, a difference was detected during the 8. and 12th weeks.Consequently according to the obtained findings, it was determined that after the ACL operation the isokinetic exercise and the treatment method is crucial for the sportsmen.

For a destination, determining the characteristics of tourists has an important role in shaping products attracting tourists and in preparing plans to develop tourism. In the study, hence, it is aimed at determining the profile of tourists “speaking Spanish” visiting Nevşehir. Some suggestions are listed about what to do for tourists to prefer Nevşehir as a destination and to make them as much satisfied as possible during their trip. In order to present suggestions, “chi-square analysis” is applied to find out whether there is a relationship between various variables and “cluster analysis” is applied to rate tourist attractions that tourists have visited or will visit. The study found out that there are relationships between age and travel type (alone-with family-with friends-others) and between age and planning travel type (package tour via travel agency- package tour with tour operator- independent via travel agent- independent). Cluster analysis, besides, revealed that tourists visit mostly Göreme, Göreme Open Air Museum and carpet weaving looms.

Türkî-i Basit (meaning Simple Turkish; later it becomes a designation for “Simplification of Turkish” movement) is a term that Edirneli Nazmî (Nazmî of Edirne), a 16th century poet, used in the titles of his poems in his Divan. This denomination is only seen in this poet’s Divan. Köprülü-zade Mehmed Fuad revealed this fact after he found Nazmî’s Divan in 1928. Fuat Köprülü claims that Türkî-i Basit is a movement, a tendency and a way of art. He regards Tatavlalı Mahremî (Mahremî of Tatavla) and Edirneli Nazmî as the first precursors of national literature movement. In this article after discussing the debates about acceptation or rejection of this issue, it is claimed that Türkî-i Basit is not a movement but a reflection of Mahallîleşme (Localization). This argument is proved in the light of recent researches. <br> <br> Türkî-i Basît, Köprülü-zâde Mehmed Fuad’ın 1928 yılında 16. yüzyıl şairlerinden Edirneli Nazmî’nin Divanını ortaya çıkarmasıyla, bugüne kadar sadece bu şairin divanında görülen bazı şiirlerin başlığında kullanılan bir adlandırmadır. Fuat Köprülü, Türkî-i Basit’in bir akım, bir hareket, bir sanat olduğunu dillendirmiştir. Tatavlalı Mahremî ile Edirneli Nazmî’yi Milli edebiyat cereyanının ilk mübeşşirleri olarak kabul etmiştir. Bu makalede, son zamanda yapılan çalışmalar ışığında, bugüne kadar bu konudaki kabul ve ret noktasındaki tartışmalar irdelenerek, Türkî-i Basit’in bir akım olmadığı ve Mahallîleşme’nin bir yansıması olduğu görüşü ifade edilmiştir.

Multiple myeloma represents malignant disorder of plasmacells. Tumour extension is primarily seen within thebone and bone marrow, despite widespread distributionof plasma cells in the body. Metastatic deposits outsidebone marrow (extramedullary) are uncommon even inadvanced multiple myeloma. Involvement of pulmonaryparenchyma by myeloma cells either as plasmacytoma oras a pulmonary infiltrate is rare and is related to aggressiveterminal phase of the disease. We are reporting acase of multiple myeloma with a pulmonary parenchymalmass as the initial presenting manifestation

<p><strong>Abstract. </strong>This paper investigates the decision-making of small investors in the Hong Kong bank stock market.The objective of this study was to search the factors, investing characteristics, and decision-making processes that affect Hong Kong small investors who participate in bank stock market.The results suggest that we can derive the following ascending order of importance of factors:reference group, stock nature, returnsperformance and bank performance. Reference group is the least important factor and bank performance is the most important factor. We used Kendall rank correlation coefficients to measure thedifferent ranking of factorsand are therefore attempting to give advice for financial advisers approaching target customers in Hong Kong.<strong></strong></p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Keywords.</strong>Investment decision, smallinvestors, bank stock markets, Hong Kong.</p><p><strong>JEL</strong>. G02, G10, G11.</p>

Bu makalede çeviri etkinliği, tarihsel değerlendirmeler temelinde irdelenmektedir. Çeviri etkinliğinin dönemsel ihtiyaçlara koşut olarak biçimlendirildiği gösterilecektir. Çalışmanın odağında, Türkiye’nin çeviri tarihi olacaktır. Çeviri tarihi ile ilgili bilgiler, çeviri eğitimi içerisinde de önem taşımaktadır.

Teachers have a major role in the process of education. The fulfillment of the tasks and responsibilities put on the shoulders of the teacher depends on the satisfaction the teacher gets from his or her profession.<br /><br />Determining the factors which are influential on the teachers’ job satisfaction, such as the profession and its characteristics, working conditions, social relationships, economic conditions, administration and inspection and social requirements, thus finding out the factors causing job dissatisfaction and helping teachers in working more efficiently and attaining job satisfaction are vitally important in terms of properly raising the future generations as well. The aim of the present study is to find out the job satisfaction levels of Formative Physical Education Teachers.<br /><br />The universe of the research comprised the Formative Physical Education Teachers participating in the in-service training courses of the Turkish National Education Ministry which participants from 81 provinces of Turkey took part in. The courses were taught in the provinces of Çanakkale and Mersin. One hundred and ninety seven Formative Physical Education Teachers, 47 of which female and 150 male, participated in the study. Since the entire universe was able to be reached, no sampling was determined.<br /><br />A 52-question survey was applied in order to determine the demographical characteristics and professional status information of the teachers. The data obtained was evaluated by means of SPSS 11.5 (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) statistical package program, and t-test was used for the variables of “gender” and “the status of having taken in-service training”, while ANOVA was used for the other variables. Based on the findings, the factors affecting the job satisfaction were determined and the suggestions were offered.<br />

The main aim of this descriptive survey method research is to assess the perception of knowledge level of classroom teacher candidates about measurement and evaluation methods. Population of the study consists of 610 final year students studying at Education Faculties of Hacettepe, Siirt, Anadolu, Osmangazi, Afyon Kocatepe and Firat Universities. A simple random sample of 288 teacher candidates was selected from the population. The data was collected by means of a scale designed and developed by researchers. The data were analyzed by employing frequency and percentages techniques, arithmetic mean, standard deviation, Independent samples t test, Mann-Whitney U test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), LSD test and Kruskal-Wallis test. Classroom teacher candidates have more information about traditional measurement and evaluation methods and have moderate information about alternative measurement and evaluation methods according to the findings of the research. In the light of the result of the research, it is suggested to increase the functionality of „Measurement and Evaluation‟ and „Teaching Practice‟ Courses.

For the last one year, we have been exultingly following that interest of domestic and foreign researchers on JEMS gradually increase. Most important reasons of this interest can be listed as “online reachability of the journal to the World” and “commencing to being searched by international indexes”. In response to this interest, journal management has decided to publish the journal from biannually to quarterly period provided that making no concessions on publication quality. JEMS will continue to be published with 4 issues in March, June, September and December and will carry on its activities for the purpose of publishing and supporting the researches related to the sector. In addition, it was decided to give “Best Reviewer” award for our reviewers which perform an important and valuable task in our journal. “Best Reviewer” award will be given to four reviewers which will be determined during the year considering criteria of quick, guiding, supportive and fair evaluation. These awards will not have material value.

Aim: In this study, we compared the effects of double lumen endobronchial tube (DLT) and single lumen endotracheal tube (SLT) intubation on hemodynamic response in normotensive patients. Material and Method: The patients who underwent thoracic surgery or general surgery were randomized into two groups prospectively. Each group had 41 patients as DLT intubation (Group 1) and single lumen tube intubation (Group 2). Standard anesthesia induction protocol was performed for all patients. The systolic arterial pressure (SAP), diastolic arterial pressure (DAP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), bi-spectral indexes (BIS) level, and peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2) level were recorded. All data were recorded after premedication, before induction, after induction and before intubation and 1., 3., 5., 7,5, 10, 12,5., 15., and 20. minutes after intubation. Results: The SAP, DAP and MAP results were significantly higher in Group 1 at 1., 3., and 5. minutes after intubation according to Group 2 (p0.05). All hemodynamic parameters were significantly higher at first minute of the intubation according to after premedication in Group 1 (p0.05). Discussion: In this study, we observed significantly higher hemodynamic responses associated with increased blood pressure in DLT group. We also found increasing in HR and blood pressure at first minute of the intubation according to basal values in same group. This state showed that increasing hemodynamic response to DLT intubation was significant.

A researcher may be interested in knowing whether a set of treatment means are equal versus they following some pattern of ordering. Occurrences like these are common in fields like biomedical research. For example, a study may involve comparing the effectiveness of various levels of a drug dosage on laboratory mice. The researcher comparing multiple treatments in a one way setting is often able to rank the treatments according to the order of magnitude of the effect of each treatment prior to testing. The guess of this order may be based on the experience of the researcher. Covered by one-way ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis test, the researcher is often concerned with detecting deviations from the null hypothesis of no treatment effect (H_0:μ_1=μ_2=⋯=μ_k). . Particular deviations of interest have included the omnibüs alternative (H_1:μ_1≠μ_2≠μ_3≠⋯≠μ_k), the ordered alternative (H_1:μ_1≥μ_2≥μ_3≥⋯≥μ_k or H_1:μ_1≤μ_2≤μ_3≤⋯≤μ_k) and the umbrella alternative (H_1:μ_1≥μ_2≥⋯≥μ_(p-1)≥μ_p≤μ_(p+1)≤⋯≤μ_k or H_1:μ_1≤μ_2≤⋯≤μ_(p-1)≤μ_p≥μ_(p+1)≥⋯≥μ_k). The conventional one way analysis of variance or Kruskal-Wallis test is not a good test for testing the ordered and umbrella alternatives. In this study, fifteen different testing methods improved for patterned alternatives have been introduced and these methods were compared with each other by using the information obtained from the literature. Considering the overall results obtained from the literature, it is said that for ordered alternative the Jonckheere-Terpstra test, for umbrella alternative the Hettmansperger-Norton test should be preferred.

The aim of the study is to analyze attitudes of Turkish language teacher candidates towards Computer Assisted Education in terms of several variables. “The Attitude Scale Towards Computer Assisted Education”, developed by Arslan (2006), has been used as a data collection instrument. The subjects of the research are 215 Turkish language teacher candidates studying at Ağrı İbrahim Çeçen University. The samples of the research are 135 randomly selected students. The statistical methods of frequency, percentage, standard deviation, t-test, one way variance analysis (ANOVA), and the scheffe test have been used in the data analysis section. As a result of the research, it has been determined whether the attitudes that Turkish language teacher candidates have towards Computer Assisted Education can change according to the students’ gender and whether or not they possess a computer. Additionally, it has been determined that the higher the class level in which the students study, the more positive their attitudes will be towards Computer Assisted Education <br> <br> Bu araştırmanın amacı, Türkçe öğretmeni adaylarının bilgisayar destekli eğitime ilişkin tutumlarını çeşitli değişkenler açısından incelemektir. Betimsel bir çalışma olan bu araştırmada veriler, Arslan (2006) tarafından geliştirilen ‘Bilgisayar Destekli Eğitim Yapmaya İlişkin Tutum Ölçeği’ kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Araştırma evrenini, 2009-2010 eğitim-öğretim döneminde Ağrı İbrahim Çeçen Üniversitesi Türkçe Eğitimi Bölümünde öğrenim gören 215 öğretmen adayı oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmanın örneklemini ise tesadüfi örnekleme yöntemi ile seçilen 135 öğrenci oluşturmaktadır. Verilerin çözümlenmesinde frekans, yüzde, standart sapma, t-testi, tek yönlü varyans analizi (ANOVA) ve scheffe testi istatistiksel yöntemleri kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda Türkçe öğretmeni adaylarının bilgisayar destekli eğitime ilişkin tutumlarının cinsiyet ve bilgisayar sahibi olma değişkenlerine göre değişmediği ve öğrenim görülen sınıf düzeyi arttıkça bilgisayar destekli eğitime ilişkin tutumların arttığı tespit edilmiştir.

Diller, en az çaba yasası, ihtiyaç, dil kontağı, alt katman etkisi, kurallaştırma vb. birçok iç ve dış faktörün etkisiyle değişir. Değişim, yaşayan bir dil için kaçınılmaz, devam eden bir akıştır. Diller bu süreçte, kimi unsurlarından feragat eder, kimini dönüştürür, kimini ise yeniler. Bu minvalde diller, bazı anlatım imkânları bakımından zenginleşirken bazıları bakımından zayıflar. Türkçede geçmişten bu güne, birtakım işlevsel dil araçlarını kaybetmiş, o dil aracının fonksiyonunu gerçekleştirmek için yeni ve kimi zaman daha az kullanışlı işaretleyiciler üretmek zorunda kalmıştır. Bu unsurlardan biri de - sIn eki ve türevi -msIn ekidir. Eski Türkçede tanıklanabilen bu ekler, bugün ancak “-mış gibi yapmak” gibi bir sözdizimsel birlik ile sağlanabilen “bir eylemi yapar görünmek / yapar gibi yapmak, bir eyleme benzer bir eylem yapmak” anlamını tek başına karşılayabilen unsurlardır. Çalışmada -sIn eki, Eski Türkçeden başlayarak Divan ü Lügati’t-Türk (DLT), Kutadgu Bilig (KB), Atebetü’l-Hakayık (AH), Kısasü’l-Enbiya (KE), Mukaddimetü’l-Edeb (ME) vb. Türk dili için temel teşkil eden metinlerin taranması ve “-mIş gibi yapmak” kullanımlarının örneklenmesine dayanmaktadır. Söz konusu ek ile isimden isim yapan ve “benzerlik” anlamı veren Türkiye Türkçesindeki +sI/+msI/+mtrak ile sağlanan ilişkinin fiillerdeki görünümüne dikkat çekilmektedir. Türkiye Türkçesinin isimlerde benzerlik anlamında -sIn ile aynı kökten geldiği düşünülen eklerden faydalanmaya devam ettiği; ancak fiil benzerliğinde ayrı bir yol izlediği gösterilmeye çalışılmıştır. / Languages change under the influence of the least effort law, needs, language contact, substrate influence, regularization, and many other internal and external factors. For a living language, change is an inevitable, continuous process. Some of the elements of the language are rejected in this process, some are transformed, and some are renewed. Thus, languages are enriched in terms of some of their expression resources, and weakened in some others. From the past to the present, Turkish has also lost a number of functional language instruments, and was forced to generate new, sometimes less practical, markers for performing the function of the given language instrument. One of these elements is affix -sIn and its derivative affix -msIn. These affixes, witnessed in the Old Turkish, are the elements, which can express in a single word the meaning “to seem/appear to be doing an action, to do an action which resembles an action,” which today can be expressed only with a syntactic union such as “-mış gibi yapmak”. In the research work, affix -sIn is studied, based on the examination of text, starting from the Old Turkish to Divanü Lügati’t-Türk (DLT), Kutadgu Bilig (KB), Atebetü’l-Hakayık (AH), Kısasü’l-Enbiya (KE), Mukaddimetü’lEdeb (ME), and other texts, which are fundamental for Turkish language; and on sampling of the use of the form “-mIş gibi yapmak.” Attention is drawn to how the verbs reflect the relation, which uses the aforementioned affix to make nouns out of nouns, and gives the sense of “resemblance”, provided in Turkey Turkish by means of +sI/+msI/+mtrak. An effort was made to demonstrate the way Turkish continues to use affixes, which are believed to derive from the same root as -sIn in the sense of resemblance, but follows a different way in the verb resemblance.

Hospital environments are the most important source of nosocomial infections. The concept of the hospital environment that includes the hospital\'s air, water and environment, medical equipments, the patient\'s food, drinks and articles. Air and water are the most important in terms of infection within them. There are interactions with each other host, microbial and environmental factors in the development of these infections. The microorganisms live or inanimate resources can be transmitted from different ways to the individuals in the hospital environment. The hospital environment contains many components. Therefore, infections with the war are difficult and complex. [TAF Prev Med Bull 2011; 10(3.000): 379-386]

<p>Farklı Bir Platformda Sivil Toplum ve Türkiye” isimli çalışmada, öncelikle civil society kavramının, dilimizdeki karşılığı olan sivil toplum kavramına evrilirken, yitirdiği ve bundan dolayı neden olduğu kavram ve anlam kargaşası ortadan kaldırılmaya çalışılmıştır. Ayrıca sivil toplum kavramının, toplumların tarihsel boyutta geçirdikleri dönüşüm süreçlerindeki izleri tanımlanmaya çalışılmıştır. Sivil toplum kavramı öncelikle medenilik anlamı ve sonrasında, devletten ayrı bir alanı tanımlayan sivil toplum anlamı ile ele alınırken, kavramın siyaset alanındaki yansımalarından ziyade, sosyolojik boyutta kavramı ele alınmış ve tartışılmıştır. Sivil toplum kavramının kendisini var ettiği alanlardan biri olan sivil toplum örgütleri ve non-govermental organization (NGO) lar, temelde belirli niteliklerde sorgulanmış ve söz konusu sosyal alan sivil toplum örgütleri ve sosyal yaşam örgütleri olarak iki kategorik ayrımda tanımlanmıştır. Çalışmada Türk toplumsal tarihinin izlediği yol sivil toplum kriterinde sorgulanmış ve Türk toplumsal hayatının parçası olan sivil toplum örgütleri her açıdan tartışmaya açılmaya çalışılmıştır.</p>

Son elli yıldır, farklı çalışma gruplarındanteoristler ve pratisyenler, iş kalitesini ve verimliliğiniiyileştirmek için çalışmalar yapmaktadırlar. Buçalışmalar neticesinde öğrendik ki, DeğişimMühendisliği çalışmaları çok kazançlı sonuçlar verir.Değişim Mühendisliğinin üstünlükleri, müşteriilişkilerinin değişiminde ve pazardakiorganizasyonun yeniden yapılanmasında odaklanır.Bütünleşik Ürün Geliştirme, gelecekteki Pazar içinürünlerin nasıl olacağını düşünmenin yeni bir•• yoludur. Bütünleşik Urün Geliştirme radikal biryaklaşımdan çok devrimci bir yaklaşımdır.Bütünleşik Ürün Geliştirme, özel ürünlerde,proseslerde Değişim Mühendisliği düşüncesinisınıriayarak işletmenin her aktivitesini değiştirmeninriskini azaltır.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of donor epidemiologic characteristics and donor corneal examination findings on quality of donor cornea. Methods: The records of our eye bank were analyzed for one year period between March 2012-February 2013 with respect to donor demographics (gender, age), donor procurement source, donor cause of death, death-to-preservation interval, donor cornea laboratory assessment, corneal tissue utilization, and distribution. Results: During the study period, 98 corneas were retrieved from 52 donors (44.2% male, 55.8% female), with the mean age of donors 49.1±15.7 years. (Range 5 to 68 years). The most common causes of donor death were cardiovascular disease (46.2%) and cerebrovascular disease (23.1%). Only 5.7% of the donors were derived from multiorgan donations at other centers and the rest were from our hospital. The mean death-to-preservation time was 1.65±1.26 hours. Overall, 96.2% of corneal tissue procured was used for corneal transplantation (95.75% in our hospital, 4.25% in other transplantation centers) and 3.8 % was discarded. There were significant correlations between donor age and endothelial cell density (ECD), and donor age and hexagonality. Regression analysis showed that the most determinative factor on tissue quality was ECD. Only reason for discarding tissue was abnormal serology. Conclusion: The main parameter that affects quality of donor cornea was ECD and the most significant factor having impact on ECD was donor age. The reason for no evidence of tissue discarding because of low tissue quality was thought to be related with a comprehensive preliminary assessment and not to receive corneas from older donors.

Aneurysm of the membranous portion of the interventricular septum is an uncommon congenital cardiac malformation that is rarely diagnosed during life. Perimembranous ventricular septal defects are the most common type of the ventricular septal defects and originates from morphologically membranous interventricular septum. Surgical exposure and accurate closure of a ventricular septal defect with a membranous septal aneurysm beneath the tricuspid septal leaflet carries a risk of tricuspid valve insufficiency and conduction disturbances. The current study presents a case with membranous septal aneursym with congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries and sub-pulmonary obstruction, which was surgically corrected.

Falanga causes oedema and haemorrhaging subcutaneously and in compartments of the feet in the acute phase. The inflammatory process leaves a loss of elasticity in the ankle and resistant pain in the foot and ankle. Chronic pain in the feet and legs is common years after falanga but an advanced degree of deformity is rare. The case is presented here of ankle deformity which developed associated with torture applied by falanga in the Syrian civil war, and which was treated by tibiocalcaneal arthrodesis.

Osmanlı şehir tarihi çalışmalarının en önemli kaynakları şer’iyye sicilleridir. Ait oldukları döneme ait birçok konuda bilgiler veren sicillerden yararlanma konusu problem teşkil etmektedir. Bu problemi çözmenin yollarından biri de bütün sicillerin fihristlerinin yapılmasıdır.Bu çalışmada, şehir tarihi açısından oldukça önem taşıyan şer’iyye sicillerinden birinin tanıtımını ve fihristini yapmak suretiyle, bu alanda yapılan çalışmalara katkı sunmak amaçlanmıştır.The most important sources of Ottoman town history are şer’iyye records. To use the records, which reveal wide range of information on the era they belong, is still poses a problem. One of the ways of overcoming this problem is to make a list of all these records.In this study, it was aimed to contribute to current studies ongoing in this area by introducing and making a list of one of the şer’iyye records, which is very important in terms of finding out on town history.

Aim: To retrospectively evaluate patients with postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) and to report the incidence, indication, and complications of PPH-related hysterectomies. Methods: We evaluated medical records of patients who received the diagnosis of in a university-affiliated tertiary care hospital between February 2013 and September 2014. Results: A total of 1724 deliveries were included in the study. 36 deliveries (2.08%) were complicated with PPH. PPH was found to result from the following conditions; uterine atony (n=19), placenta previa (n=8), vaginal lacerations (n=7), and coagulation disorders (n=2). A total of 7 patients (19.4%) with PPH, of whom two had uterine atony and five had placenta previa, underwent hysterectomy (4.06 per 1000 births). Application of B-Lynch uterine compression suturing and hypogastric artery ligation did not stop PPH in two patients with atony after primary caesarean section. Balloon tamponade was successful in 71.4% of patients with placenta previa. The most common complication among hysterectomy patients was admission to intensive care unit. Conclusion: Despite the improvements in conservative management strategies, our hysterectomy rate was higher than the reported literature. We conclude that management options should be individualized according to diagnosis, hemodynamic stability of patients and also facilities of the medical centre.

The aim of this research is to evaluate secondary Turkish coursebooks in terms of basic skills in 2005 Turkish Course Curriculum. The model applied in the study is descriptive method. The sample of this study consists of 5th, 6th, 7th and 8th grade Turkish coursebooks used in secondary schools of Hatay city centre. Basic Skills and Sub- Skills Scale of 2005 Turkish Course Curriculum was used in order to collect data in the research. This scale was consisted of sub-skills determined through literature review related to items under the title of “Basic Skills” of 2005 Turkish Course Curriculum. Amongst qualitative data analysis techniques, document review was applied with the aim of analysing data in the study. As a result, it was determined that Turkish coursebooks were not desired level in terms of basic skills.

Argumentative discourse in classrooms is given much importance by science educators due to its potential contributions to teachers’ general pedagogical knowledge of teaching higher order thinking skills and strategies as well as its learner-centered nature. For this reason, the present study searched for a possible link between pre-service teachers’ domain-specific knowledge and the quality of their argumentations. For data collection, Lyngved’s (2009)‘Cloning Conceptual Understanding Exam’ (CCUE) was administered to PSTs. Given the results of the CCUE, the PSTs (44 female and 10 male) were divided into three cohort groups as high, middle, and low-achievers. Further, semi-structured interviews were conducted with three PSTs. They were exposed to three (controversial) cloning scenarios and asked to constitute scientific argumentations. The argumentations generated by the PSTs were qualitatively analyzed using an analytical assessment tool by Erduran, Simon, and Osborne (2004). The results showed no straightforward relationship between the PSTs’ content knowledge and the quality of their argumentation. The findings concerning the link between content knowledge and argumentation quality were discussed. Further studies could look at the relationship between content knowledge and argumentation quality with a different subject matter and larger-sized samples.

The aim of this study, learning approach based on the constructivist education classes measurement and evaluation tools used by teachers for their opinions described. This survey was prepared fort he purpose; the 52 primary schools worked Kırsehir Social Studies teacher, has been applied to. Teachers in determining student success, they view themselves as more adequate fort he traditional measurement method was preferred. Assessment tools fort he problems they face in the crowd formed at the beginning of classes, cost and time is insufficient. Other results taken into account, the teachers' use of alternative measurement and evaluation tools in the preparation of training needs to be maintained.

Endometriosis is a common disease in reproductive term of woman that cause pelvic pain and infertility. Is typically is located in genital organs but occasionally it can be seen in extragenital regions like cutis and lungs. Our patient was 35 years old and had been operated for swelling and pain in left inguinal region. In microscobik examination of the surgery materials subcapsular endometriosis focus in a lymph node had been seen as well as cutaneous endometriosis foci. Lymph nodes with endometriosis foci had been reported in other locations but there were no reports that described that location in temporary literature in English. This situation can be confusing in differantial diagnosis with tumor metastases in lymph nodes when discovered in areas that receive tumor metastases frequently. We thing that our case was worth to be reported because of this possibility and its infrequency.

Educational organizations, like other firms, take into account some implications in order to be able to satisfy the needs and wants of their consumers (students). Especially in vocational education, characteristics of services and service quality subjects gain more importance. In light of this information, this study aims to measure satisfaction of vocational school students by using a scale. The result of the exploratory factor analysis on Student Satisfaction Questionnaire indicates four dimensions. These are satisfaction from school, satisfaction from university, satisfaction from personal development, and satisfaction from vocational education. The reliability and validity dimensions of the scale were taken into consideration, so as to be capable of obtaining reasonable results and making contribution to literature, and arithmetic means are also investigated. Moreover in this study, independent t-test and analysis of variance tests were used to investigate differences among types of satisfaction dimensions in terms of respondents’ gender and educational programs. The results demonstrated several significant differences among types of satisfaction dimensions in terms of gender, and programs.

Background and design: Considering the probable long-term side-effects of narrowband UVB (NB-UVB) therapy, various studies have been conducted to provide more effective and reliable protocols by applying the different initial doses, numbers of sessions or dose increments. The aim of this study is to compare the clinical effectiveness of weekly low-dose increments and weekly high-dose increments of NB-UVB therapy in psoriasis. Materials and methods: Twenty-nine patients with psoriasis vulgaris underwent NB-UVB therapy with a weekly low-dose (20%) increment protocol (group 1; n=14) or weekly high-dose (40%) increment protocol (group 2; n=15). Patients were monitored weekly for 12 weeks and evaluated by the Psoriasis Area Severity Index (PASI). Results: The PASI scores prior to the therapy and during the 12-weeks of therapy for each week between the groups were compared and no statistically significant difference was found except week 12. The mean PASI scores at week 12 was significantly lower in patients from group 2 than in patients from group 1 (p=0.045). The mean number of patients and therapy sessions required with ≥50%, ≥75% and ≥90% PASI reduction did not differ between both groups. Although comparison of the two groups according to the mean cumulative doses with ≥50% and ≥90% PASI reduction did not reveal a statistically significant difference; however, those of patients with ≥75% PASI reduction and at the end of the 12-week therapy were significantly higher in the group with a weekly high-dose increment than in the group with a weekly low-dose increment (p=0.014 and p=0.00, respectively). Conclusion: Although we are aware that our results may need to be supported with large-series studies, we suggest that a weekly low-dose increment regime of NB-UVB therapy is preferable in the treatment of psoriasis as it produces nearly similar effects as a weekly high-dose increment regime but with the lower cumulative doses.

Child abuse is an important public health problem that is present almost in every society and environment at different level and intensities. For implementation of child abuse protection measures it is necessary to investigate its causes. In this review, causes of child abuse was attempted to investigate with respects to the society and institution, family and individual and child related factors. [Archives Medical Review Journal 2003; 12(4.000): 396-405]

Among the II–IV semiconductor compounds, CdS (band gap 2.43 eV) have large applications as photoconductors, in semiconductor lasers, nonlinear optical devices and photovoltaic solar cells. In this work; In-doped CdS (CdS:In)

The inscription E 6 Barik II of Yenisey inscriptions, explained by some scientists as the inscription erected for woman. Reason for this is explanation of the words pasts in the name of the person in memory inscription erected and other lines in this inscription. However, thereis the phrase kuyda kunchuy which indicating the owner's wife in thisinscription. And the words described as belonging to the womans byprevious lingusits can be explained as belonging to the mans. In thisarticle were discussed the causes suggesting that this inscription waserected to the women. In this study, has been proposed that the wordread in the form of küni and reviewed as second wife may be read asköni and explaıned as accurate, honest. Some scientists who haveworked on this inscription before translated and ınterpreted compoundverb kishi kıl- as make a wife, to marry. In accordance with the resultsobtained in this and others has been suggested that the inscriptionplanted in memory of the male person named Köni Tirig. According toour studies in this explained that Köni Tirig’s father died when KöniTirig was three years old. And described that his uncle trained andraised him. In the last line the deceased says that he departed from hiswife who stayed in home. <br> Yenisey yazıtlarından olan E 6 Barık II yazıtı bazı bilim adamları tarafından kadına dikilmiş yazıt olarak açıklanmıştır. Böyle bir düşünceye anısına yazıt dikilen şahsın adında geçen ve diğer satırlarda yer alan kelimelerin açıklanması neden olmuştur. Ancak aynı yazıtta diğer Yenisey yazıtlarında da geçerek yazıt sahibinin eşini bildiren kuydakı kunçuy tabirinin bulunması, kadına ait olarak açıklanan kelimelerin erkek birisine özgün şekilde de açıklanabileceği söz konusu yazıtın kadına ait olabileceği tezini zayıflatmaktadır. Bu makalemizde de bu doğrultuda kadına ait olduğunu düşündüren nedenler değerlendirilerek kadına mı, erkeğe mi ait olduğu sorusuna cevap aranmıştır. Çalışmada kadın ait olduğu düşüncesinin nedenlerinden biri olan, küni şeklinde okunan ve kuma şeklinde anlamlandırılan kelimenin köni şeklinde okunarak, doğru, dürüst şeklinde anlamlandırılabileceği ileri sürülerek bu kelime ile Eski Türkçede Köni Kuz, Köniçuk gibi erkek kişi adlarının yapıldığı tesbit edilmiştir. Bu yazıt üzerinde çalışma yapan bazı bilim adamları tarafından eş kıldı, eş etti şeklinde tercüme edilen, anlamlandırılan kişi kıl- birleşik fiilinin kişi etmek, büyütmek, kendi hayatını kendi kazanacak düzeye ulaştırmak anlamında kullanıldığı düşünülmektedir. Elde edilen bu ve buna benzer sonuçlar doğrultusunda söz konusu yazıtın Köni Tirig adlı erkek şahıs anısına dikildiği ileri sürülmüştür. Bizim çalışmalara göre bu yazıtta Köni Tirig’in üç yaşında babasından ayrıldığı, onu amcası olan Külüg Tutuk yetiştirerek büyüttüğü anlatılmaktadır. Son satırda ise merhum evdeki eşinden ayrıldığını, yani vefat ettiğini ifade etmektedir.

Aim: Our aim was to investigate the changes in thyroid volume, thyroid hormone and autoantibody levels after 2 years in newly diagnosed euthyroid women with Hashimoto%u2019s thyroiditis (HT) and women with HT treated with levothyroxine (L-T4). Material and Method: We enrolled 60 women with HT (mean age 39.6± 10.8 years) in this study. 27 patients were newly diagnosed and euthyroid (euthyroid group) and L-T4 group (n=33) consisted of women with HT treated with levothyroxine. Thyroid ultrasonography was performed and free T3 (fT3), free T4 (fT4), TSH, anti-thyroglobulin autoantibody (anti-TG) and anti-thyroid peroxidase autoantibody (anti-TPO) levels were measured. Thyroid volume was calculated with ellipsoid formula: (Volume (ml) = Length (cm) x Width(cm) x Thickness (cm) x 1/6 %u041B). Results: Median thyroid volume increased in all subjects (8.6 (1.8-46) vs 10.8 (3.9-54.5) ml, p=0.008). While serum fT3 levels decreased (2.9± 0.5 vs 2.5± 0.3 pg/ml, p0.05). The change in thyroid volume was negatively associated with thyroid volume at basal (r= -0.290, p=0.027) and TSH (r=-0.271, p=0.039) and positively correlated with fT3 (r= 0.356, p= 0.006). While thyroid volume increased in euthyroid group (9.8 (6.6-35.1) vs 12.5 (6.9-54.5) ml, p=0.006), there was not a change in L-T4 group (7.5 vs 8.3 ml, p=0.428). Discussion: Thyroid volume increased in euthyroid women with HT, however did not change in patients treated with levothyroxine in two years. While thyroid autoantibodies did not change in two groups, hypothyroidism developed in 7.4% of euthyroid subjects.

Hayâlî Bey is one of the most famous poet in the 16th century and when we talk about 16th century poem we mention him at the first place. One of the 16th century tazkirah writer Kınalızâde Hasan Çelebi, mention Hayâlî Bey as “sultan of the Anatolian poets”. Hayâlî Bey is important as a poet and his influence on the other poets of his century is very important too. He has great effect on Rahmî, Ulvî and Vahidî. In every century nazeerahs written to his poems. Hayâlî Bey’s only work is his “Divan”. Although this stuation Hayâlî Bey didn’t arrenge his Divanwhen he was alive. Because of this, some poems which belongs to himcan be find in some different divan copy or in the poem mecmûas. Theghazals presents in this work are in a different hand writing divan. Thisdivan is in Süleymaniye Library. This divan in a divans macmua. All ofthe ghazals in this divan is take place in the work of Ali Nihat Tarlan’sHayâlî Bey Divan. Only twenty four ghazals are not in this divan. In thisstudy ghazals are researched. Because this ghazals could belong toanother poet appellation “Hayâlî”. Also this poems are compare withother poems of Hayâlî Bey. After these research we try to point out that,this ghazals are belong to Hayâlî Bey. This study includes twenty-fourpoems of Hayâlî Bey, doesn’t place in the “Hayâlî Bey Dîvân” which ispublish by Ali Nihat Tarlan. <br> Klasik Türk edebiyatının meşhur şairlerinden olan Hayâlî Bey, (1500?- 1557) 16. yüzyıl şiiri denildiğinde aklımıza ilk gelen şairlerdendir. Dönemindeki tezkirecilerden biri olan Kınalızâde Hasan Çelebi, Hayâlî’yi “Diyâr-ı Rûmun sultânü’ş-şu’arâsı” olarak tanıtmaktadır. Hayâlî Bey yazdığı şiirlerin yanı sıra dönemindeki diğer şairlere olan etkisi bakımından da önemli bir şahsiyettir. Çağdaşı olan Rahmî, Ulvî, Vahidî gibi şairler üzerinde tesiri büyüktür. Onun şiirlerine hemen her dönemde nazireler yazılmıştır. Hayâlî Bey’in bilinen tek eseri divanıdır. Buna rağmen Hayâlî Bey hayattayken bir divan tertip etmemiştir. Bu sebeple ona ait olan bazı şiirler o döneme ait şiir mecmûalarında ya da değişik divan nüshalarında bulunabilmektedir. Bu çalışmaya konu olan gazeller de yukarıda zikredildiği gibi farklı bir divan nüshası içinde yer almaktadır. Bu nüsha, Süleymaniye Kütüphanesi’nde bulunan ve Hayâlî Bey Divanı’nın da içinde bulunduğu bir divanlar mecmuasıdır. Bu nüshada yer alan gazellerin tamamı daha önce Ali Nihat Tarlan tarafından hazırlanan Hayâlî Bey Dîvânı’nda yer almaktadır. Yalnız çalışmaya konu olan yirmi dört gazel, yayımlanmış olan bu divanda yer almamaktadır. Hazırlanan bu çalışmada yer alan gazellerin Hayâlî mahlaslı başka şairlere ait olup olmadığı konusunda kaynaklar incelenmiş, bulunan şiirler, şairin diğer şiirleriyle karşılaştırılmış ve yapılan incelemeler neticesinde bu gazellerin Hayâlî Bey’e ait oldukları çeşitli kanıtlarla ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır. Hazırlanan çalışmanın amacı Hayâlî Bey’e ait olan ve yayımlanmamış bulunan yirmi dört gazeli edebiyat dünyasına tanıtmaktır.

Ocular trauma is a condition that may lead to loss of vision, subsequently of the eye, and to economic losses. Ocular trauma is a preventable, worldwide public health problem, especially affecting children and working–age adults. Ocular trauma is an important part of the ophthalmic pathology and involves 10-15% all of ophthalmologic disease. Rapid assessment and examination following trauma to the eye is crucial. A thorough knowledge of potential injuries is imperative to ensure rapid diagnosis, to prevent further damage to the eye, and to preserve visual capacity. (Turk J Ophthalmol 2012; 42: Supplement 16-22)

&nbsp; Gastrointestinal stromal tumors are the most common mesenchymal tumors of the Gastrointestinal tract. The stomach is the most common site of GIST location with 60%. Usually occurs later in life.Tumor size and number of mitosis are the most important factors influencing the prognosis. Surgical resection is the&nbsp;primary treatment of gastrointestinal stromal tumors. We presented a 51 year old male patient with a stomach located giant gastrointestinal stromal tumor which obstructed the intestinal segment.

This research was conducted as a descriptive study for the purpose of determining the healthy lifestyle behaviors of health care workers employed at university and state hospitals in Afyon and Denizli. There were 1779 health care personnel in the sample who were employed at university and state hospitals in Afyon and Denizli. It was planned conducted the research on the entire population however some health care workers did not want to participate a total of 316 health care workers were included in the study sample. Data were collected between 15 June-15 Agust 2006 using a demografik questionnaire form and the Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors Scale. In the evaluation data gained, Number-percentage calculations, t-test, One Way ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests were used. This study was determined that 84.5% of the health care workers were nurses, 55.7% were in the 20-30 year old age group, 75.0% were married, 39.2% worked on surgical units, 69.6% ate regular meals, only 22.8% were interested in sports, 61.1% did not smoke cigarettes. A statistically significant difference was found health care workers between for age group, gender, educational level, years of employment, hospital unit where they worked, status of eating regular meals, status of being interested in sports, use of alcohol, hospital where employed and the health care workers' healthy lifestyle behaviors (p<0.05). For development health care behaviors lifestyle the main factor which is avoid risk behavior life. Healt care workers must play an important role on the issue. [TAF Prev Med Bull 2007; 6(6.000): 409-420]

Aim: To investigate the relation between left atrial appendix function derived from quantitativetissue Doppler analysis and left atrial thrombus (LAT) existence. Methods: Fifty-six patients who had undergone transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) withdifferent diagnosis (31 female, 25 male with a mean age of 58 ± 18 years) were included in thestudy. Demographic, clinical and echocardiographic variables of the patients with and withoutLAT on their TEE were compared.Results: Atrial fibrillation was significantly more frequent in patients with LAT. The differencebetween mean ejection fractions was almost reached significance. However, left atrial andventricular tissue Doppler variables were similar between the two groups. Combined data oflower ejection fraction and atrial fibrillation predicted LAT with 85 % specificity. Conclusion: There is no statistical significance relation between left atrial appendix andventricular functions derived from quantitative tissue Doppler analysis and left atrial thrombus(LAT) existence.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the concentrations of b2 microglobulin in patients with postmenopausal osteoporosis and compare the results with the ones obtained from healthy postmenopausal women. We also evaluated the relationships between b2 microglobulin and bone mineral density (BMD), parathyroid hormone (PTH), calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and 24 hr urinary calcium levels. For this aim, 31 postmenopausal women with osteoporosis and 22 healthy postmenopausal women were included in the study. DXA was used for the measurement of BMD of the lumbar spine and proximal femur. Laboratory assessments included serum Ca, P, ALP, PTH, b2 microglobulin levels and 24 hour urinary calcium. BMD at the lumbar spine (p< 0.001), femur neck (p<0.001), ward triangle (p<0.001), and trochanteric region (p<0.05) was significantly lower and serum b2 microglobulin (p<0.05), alkaline phosphotase (p<0.05), and parathyroid hormone (p<0.05) levels were found to be significantly higher in postmenopausal osteoporotic women as compared to healthy controls. However, b2 microglobulin was not associated with BMD at any of the measured regions and no association was found between serum PTH, ALP, Ca, P, and 24 hour urinary calcium values. Although high levels of b2 microglobulin in postmenopausal osteoporotic women suggest that it might reflect osteoclastic activity, the possible role of this polypeptide in the pathogenesis of increased bone resorption, needs further investigation.

Atrial fibrillation is an independent, powerful risk factor for stroke. Until recently, acetyl salicylic acid (aspirin) and warfarin were the only approved treatment options for stroke prophylaxis. Although warfarin provides a significantly better risk reduction in stroke compared to placebo and aspirin, its usage difficulties entailed investigation of new treatment alternatives. Studies showed that new oral anticoagulants (such as dabigatran, apixaban and rivaroxaban) are as efficient and safe as warfarin. New anticoagulants seem appealing by their rapid onset of action and low drug and diet interactions, together with not necessitating any routine monitoring; however lack of specific antidotes constitute a disadvantage at the moment.

Piezogenic pedal papules are herniations of subcutaneous fat into the dermis. They are soft, skin-colored papules and nodules, which appear on the side of the heel when the subject is standing and disappear when weight is taken off the foot. Here, we present a 40-year-old male patient with mitral valve insufficiency and piezogenic pedal papules and discuss piezogenic pedal papules in the light of literature.

Beyin göçü kavramından esinlenerek yayın göçü kavramı bu çalışmada ileri sürülmüştür. Göçveren ülkenin kayıpları ve yayın göçünün nedenlerinin tartışıldığı çalışmada, Web of Science (WoS) kapsamında yer alan yabancı dergilere göç eden Türkiye adresli yayın sayısı saptanmıştır. Yerli ve yabancı dergilerde yayımlanan yayınları kıyaslamak için Ulusal Akademik Ağ ve Bilgi Merkezi (ULAKBİM) ulusal veri tabanlarında yer alan yayınlar da incelenmiştir. Araştırmada yabancı dergilere göç eden yayın sayısınınsürekli artış gösterdiği, 1990-2009 yıllarında ülkede üretilen toplam bilimsel makalelerin %62’sinin yabancı dergilerde yayımlandığı saptanmıştır. / In this paper the concept of publication drain is asserted by drawing inspiration from another conceptas brain drain. In addition to that, throughout the paper the losses caused by this migration and facts behind of this phenomenon are also evaluated. The number of articles which has Turkish origin and which are published in foreign journals indexed in Web of Science (WoS) are token as case. Moreover, in this study to compare the papers in both national and international journals the publications which are in the Turkish Academic Network and Information Centre (ULAKBIM) national databases are also examined. As a result of research it is revealed that there is an ongoing increase in the number of papers migrated to foreign journals and 62% of total scientific articles produced in Turkey were published in foreign journals.

tarih disiplinlerinin yolları kesişir. Doğrudan tarihî bir hadiseyi ya da kişiyi konu edinen eserler olabileceği gibi tarihî ögeleri ikinci planda tutan eserler de olabilir. Bunun yanında gerçek ve kurgunun harmanlanıp okuyucuya sunulması da söz konusudur. Ahmet Altan da bazı romanlarında tarihî unsurlara yer verir. Özellikle Osmanlı Devleti’nin son dönemleri, yazarın ilgi alanına girer. Altan, bu dönemdeki tarihî vakaların yanında bazı şahsiyetleri de romanlarında işler. Bunların başında Sultan II. Abdülhamit gelir. Yazar, Sultan II. Abdülhamit’in siyasi hamlelerinin yanında korkularını, endişelerini, tutkularını da ele alır. Bu sayede Ahmet Altan, romanlarının dokusuna Sultan II. Abdülhamit’in mizacına ait bazı özellikler de eklemiş olur. Bu çalışmada Ahmet Altan’ın Kılıç Yarası Gibi, İsyan Günlerinde Aşk ve Ölmek Kolaydır Sevmekten romanlarında, Sultan II. Abdülhamit’in kişilik özelliklerinin ne şekilde yer aldığı incelenmiştir. Disciplines of literature and history intersect by taking part of a historical event or a personality in literary works. Literary works may deal with direct historical event or person or may place historical items in the second plan. Besides, it comes into question that the blending of real and fiction and presenting to the reader. Ahmet Altan also gives place to some historical elements in some of his novels. Especially, the last period of the Ottoman Empire takes the author’s interest. Altan treats the historical cases as well as some figures of this period in his novels. Sultan Abdülhamit II is the foremost among them. The author deals besides political moves of Sultan Abdülhamit II as well as fears, concerns and passions of Abdülhamit. Thus, Ahmet Altan adds some characteristics concerning humor of the Sultan Abdülhamit II to the texture of his novels. In this study, in the novels of Ahmet Altan’s Kılıç Yarası Gibi (Like a Sword Wound) , İsyan Günlerinde Aşk (Love in the Days of Rebellion), and Ölmek Kolaydır Sevmekten (Death is easier than Love), how the personality of Sultan Abdülhamit II appeared has been analyzed.

The first printing house of Niğde was established in the year of1922. By this establishment the press started to develop and after a fewperiods the newspapers and magazines were published.The newspapers Feryad, Müdafaa, Nida, Niğde, Tatlıdil, Bilgi,Resmi Niğde and the magazines of Güzel Mecmua and İlkadım werepublished during 1924-1931. These newspapers and magazines werehighly assisted on improving the cultural life of Niğde.The first published newspaper in the History of Niğde press isFeryad. The name of this newpaper which began its press life at July13, 1924 was changed as Niğde at the end of 1925. The newspaper Nidawas started to publish in the last months of 1924. Newspaper Müdafaawas also started to publish in the year of 1925 at January. Because wehave limited number of copies of these newspapers, the period of presscouldn’t be determined. All of these papers were weekly and consistingof four pages. Although it has been referred the publishing of anewspaper called Tatlıdil, no copy of the paper couldn’t found. In 1928a newspaper had been published in the name of Bilgi whose name wasthen changed to Resmi Niğde and to Niğde.Except for these papers two magazines were published as GüzelMecmua and İlkadım during 1926-1928. It is conspicuous that thewriters were used nicknames for most of the articles published in GüzelMecmua. It is understood from the footnotes of the articles published inthe magazines that the writing dates of the articles were much earlierthan the publishing date of the magazines.Two copies of Güzel Mecmua and one copy of İlkadım could bereached. In our study the necessary tables were composed about thearticles published in these copies.In conclusion, six newspapers and two magazines were publishedduring 1924-1931 according to our survey. The importances of thesepublishings are higher because they had been published at the firstyears of Republic and first applications of Revolutions. They were alsoconsiderably assisted for the acceptance of Republic and Revolutions bypublic. <br> Niğde’de ilk matbaa 1922 senesinde kurulmuştur. Matbaanın kurulması ile beraber Niğde’de basın hayatı gelişmeye, kısa sürede gazete ve dergiler neşredilmeye başlanmıştır. 1924-1931 yılları arasında Feryad, Müdafaa, Nida, Niğde, Tatlıdil, Bilgi, Resmi Niğde gazeteleri ile Güzel Mecmua ve İlkadım dergileri neşredilmiştir. Bu gazete ve dergiler, Niğde’nin kültür hayatının gelişmesinde önemli katkılar sağlamıştır.Niğde basın tarihinde ilk neşredilen gazete Feryad Gazetesi’dir. 13 Temmuz 1924 tarihinde yayın hayatına başlayan bu gazetenin 1925 yılının sonlarına doğru adı Niğde olarak değişmiştir. Nida Gazetesi ise 1924 senesinin son aylarında neşredilmeye başlanmıştır. 1925 senesinin Ocak ayında Müdafaa Gazetesi yayımlanmaya başlanmıştır. Bu gazetelerin elimizde sınırlı sayıda nüshaları mevcuttur. Ancak ne kadar süre ile yayımlandıkları tespit edilememiştir. Hepsi haftalık olan bu gazeteler 4’er sayfa olarak çıkarılmışlardır. Niğde’de Tatlıdil isminde bir gazetenin varlığı daha bilinmesine rağmen hiçbir nüshasına ulaşılamamıştır. Niğde’de 1928 senesinden itibaren Bilgi isminde bir gazete yayımlanmaya başlanmış olup bu gazetenin adı önce Resmi Niğde, daha sonra da Niğde olarak değiştirilmiştir.Bu gazeteler dışında Niğde’de 1926-1928 yılları arasında Güzel Mecmua ve İlkadım isimlerinde iki dergi daha yayımlanmıştır. Bu dergilerden Güzel Mecmua’da neşredilen yazıların çoğunda gerçek isimler yerine takma isim kullanıldığı göze çarpmaktadır. Makale ve şiirlerin büyük bir bölümünde yazıların altına düşülen tarihlerden derginin basım tarihinden önce yazıldığı anlaşılmaktadır.Güzel Mecmua’dan iki, İlkadım Dergisi’nden bir sayıya ulaşılabilmiştir. Bu sayılarda yer alan makaleler ile ilgili olarak çalışmamızda gerekli tablolar oluşturulmuştur. 1924-1931 seneleri arasında Niğde’de tespit edebildiğimiz altı gazete ve iki dergi yayımlanmıştır. Bu gazete ve dergilerin Cumhuriyetin kurulduğu ve inkılâpların ilk uygulandığı yıllarda yayımlanmış olmaları önemlerini daha da artırmaktadır. Bu yayımlar yaptıkları neşriyat ile Cumhuriyet ve inkılâpların halk tarafından benimsenmesinde önemli katkılar sağlamışlardır.

AIM: The aim of the study was to explore the prevalence and characteristics of women with unwanted pregnancy in rural area and to examine pregnant women&#8217;s contraceptive method preferences, satisfaction with the methods and reason the methods discontinuation. METHOD: This study was carried out in Manisa city rural area between the dates of January and June 2011 in women who agreed to participate in the study. The sample of the research is composed of 239 pregnant women. The research was a descriptive, cross-sectional and field study and the data was collected by using questionnaire which was prepared by researcher. Data was gathered through the face to face interview with the women at their home. Statistical analyses were undertaken using SPSS version 11.5. Descriptive analysis, Pearson&#8217;s Chi-square (&#967;&#178;) test, fisher exact test, and t-test were used statistical evaluation. RESULTS: Of the 239 pregnancies, 64 (26.8%) were unwanted pregnancies. The mean age of women was respectively 25.0&#177;5.0, and 29.0&#177;5.4 years, for wanted, and unwanted pregnancies. Women with unwanted pregnancies were older, less educated, they had less educated husbands, had low income level, had more pregnancies, deliveries, had less than two years interval between their births. Unwanted pregnancies were observed in women using the coitus interrupts method (%53.1), effective contraceptive methods (%54.3) and not using any method (%16.3) (p<0.05). The most reasons for discontinuation were reported pregnant women as follows: side effects of methods, disapproval for husband, pregnancy occurs using the method, believe for ineffective contraceptive methods. CONCLUSION: In order to reduce the number of unwanted pregnancies and wanted abortions which reversely affect the women healthy; an appropriate contraception method must be employed. Health care providers should identify women with unwanted pregnancy to understand women's concerns and experiences using contraception. This approach could help health care providers redesign counseling strategies to improve contraceptive continuation. ds: This study was carried out in Manisa city rural area between the dates of January and June 2011 in women who agreed to participate in the study. The sample of the research is composed of 239 pregnant women. The research was a descriptive, cross-sectional and field study and the data was collected by using questionnaire which was prepared by researcher. Data was gathered through the face to face interview with the women at their home. Statistical analyses were undertaken using SPSS version 11.5. Descriptive analysis, Pearson&#8217;s Chi-square (&#967;&#178;) test, fisher exact test, and t-test were used statistical evaluation. [TAF Prev Med Bull 2012; 11(3.000): 315-324]

This research paper will discussed the effectiveness of cricket on both nations as cricket is very popular sport in this region particularly in India and Pakistan. The history of Cricket series between India and Pakistan from 1987 to 2007 cricket world cup will also be analyzed that how cricket was effective during these periods to release the tension of both countries. This study conveyed that the power of Cricket proved a peaceful solution of every circumstance between India and Pakistan can be resolved as compare to the gun diplomacy.

Cytoreductive surgery combined with hyperthermic intraperitonealchemotherapy (HIPEC) is a complex and multidisciplinerprocedure that is being used increasingly forperitoneal and appendix malignency. First of all the macroscopictumor tissues are extracted after that peritonealperfusion is started with giving heated 42°C chemotherapeuticsolution via abdominal drains. It is important tomaintain normovolemia, to regulate coagulation and renalparameters during perioperative period, to compansatehypothermia during cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermiaduring HIPEC and to regulate hemodynamic changesdue to increased abdominal pressure during HIPEC.In this case report, we aimed to share anaesthetic experienceand to evaluate anaesthetic problems in 45 yearsold ASA I patient undergoing cytoreductive surgery andhypertermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy in which newlyestablished in our hospital for appendix tumor. J Clin ExpInvest 2013; 4 (2): 234-237Key words: Anaesthesia, general, hyperthermic intraperitonealchemotherapy, cytoreductive surgery.

Interest in language teacher reflection has grown massively after the emergence of post-method era. This study aims to explore the potential associations between teacher reflectiveness and experience among EFL teachers. To this end, a standard English Language Teaching Reflection Inventory (ELTRI) was employed to measure the reflectiveness of 179 English language teachers. The results revealed that there is a negative correlation between teaching experience of teachers and their reflectiveness that is aligned with the tacit claims of Cognitive Consistency Theories, specifically Congruity Theory. It is suggested that as teachers grow more experienced, they tend to become more stabilized in their instructional praxis. The findings of this study bear important implications for those who are in the realm of teaching in general and language teaching in particular.

Social chance has many dimensions, features and various results related to different disciplines so that it is universal and indispensable. There are some scientific studies which deal with social chance in literature. In this article, it is tried to understand today’s social chance and comprehend the aspect of social change from the point of view that culture has common universal values despite all the varieties ofcultures. For this purpose, firstly social change and secondly socialvalues facts are to be analyzed with acquired information by literaturereview. And then, it is answered some questions that is it possible tocomprehend in process of social change and determine the aspect ofthis change by analyzing modern social changes? One of the mostimportant conclusion is that each period has own norms and valuesand has a style to understand and interpret it; it is determined thatthese values are based on transcendental resources in traditional times;rational and humanistic resources in modern times; mostly self-interestresources in postmodern times. Another conclusion is that certainty ofchoices and decisions are decreasing instead elusiveness and opennessto different possibilities is increasing in the progress from traditionalismto modernism, from modernism to postmodernism. As a result, it iscame to conclusion that it is possible to comprehend social change anddetermine the aspect of this change with reference to social values andby this means; time, labor and material resources can be usedefficiently. <br> Sosyal değişim evrensel ve kaçınılmazdır. Bundan dolayı birçok boyutu, özellikleri ve farklı bilim dallarını ilgilendiren çeşitli sonuçları vardır. Literatürde toplumsal değişimi şu veya bu yönüyle ele almış bilimsel çalışmalar mevcuttur. Bu makalede ise, kültürlerin çeşitliliğine rağmen, kültürlerin evrensel ortak değerleri vardır, görüşünden hareketle çağdaş değerler esas alınarak günümüzde yaşanan toplumsal değişim anlamaya ve değişimin yönü kavramaya çalışılmıştır. Bu amaçla, önce toplumsal değişim ve ardından toplumsal değerler literatür taraması sonucu elde edilen verilerle tespit ve tahlil edilmiştir. Daha sonra, çağdaş sosyal değerlerin analiz edilmesiyle, yaşanmakta olan toplumsal değişim kavranabilir ve değişimin yönü belirlenebilir mi soruları cevaplandırılmaktadır. Varılan en önemli sonuçlardan biri, her dönemin kendine özgü değerleri ve bu değerleri anlama, yorumlama tarzı olduğu; değerlerin geleneksel dönemde aşkın/ilahi kaynaklara; modern dönemde dünyevi, insani ve akli olana; postmodern dönemde ise dünyevi, insani ve daha çok da bireysel haza odaklanan arzulara dayandığının tespit edilmiş olmasıdır. Varılan diğer bir sonuç da, gelenekselden moderne, modernden post moderne gidildikçe tercihlerde ve kararlarda kesinliğin azaldığı, bunun yerini muğlaklığın, farklı yorumlara/ihtimallere açık olma durumunu aldığı sonucuna varılmış olmasıdır. Sonuç olarak, toplumsal değerlerden hareketle sosyal değişimi kavramanın ve değişimin yönünü saptamanın mümkün olduğu, bu sayede zaman, emek ve maddi kaynakların verimli kullanılabileceği sonucuna varılmıştır.

OBJECTIVES: Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is common in patients with end-stage renal disease receiving hemodialysis. SCD may be caused by electrolyte imbalance or malignant arrhythmias in hemodialysis patients. We aimed to evaluate the effects of four different dialysates on QT dispersion and arrhythmia. MATERIAL and METHODS: Twenty-one patients receiving hemodialysis were enrolled. Four different dialysates were used and twelve-lead ECG measurements were recorded to determine QTc and QTc dispersion. Holter ECG was performed to assess arrhythmia. RESULTS: In group 1 (1.0 K +, 1.5 Ca++), predialytic and postdialytic QTc dispersion measurements were 52.3±11.7 and 59.2± 13.1 msec respectively and this is statistically significant (p=0.007). In group 2 (2.0 K +, 1.5 Ca++), group 3 (1.0K +, 1.75Ca++), and in group 4 (2.0 K +, 1.75Ca++), QTc dispersion measurements were 53.5±14.4 and 53.2± 15.0 msec, 53.5±14.4 and 53.2±15.0 msec, 50.8±12.0 and 52.2±13.3 msec, 51.3±12.2 and 52.1±12.3 msec, respectively, and these were not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: In group 1, patients had higher QTc dispersion. There was no statistically significant difference regarding QTc dispersion among the four groups. We also could not find an increased rate of arrhythmias in the groups. These results suggest that there may be other causative risk factors that can affect QT dispersion and arrhythmias in hemodialysis patients.

<p style="line-height: 150%"><em><span>Water samples taken from thirteen different stations and from three streams in İzmit Gulf where the pollution is very high have been investigated with Atomic Absorption Spectrometre for heavy metal (Cu, Fe, Pb, Cd, As and Hg) concentrations. From the data obtained, Hereke has been observed to have the highest heavy metal concentration in the area, but G&ouml;lc&uuml;k is safe. Despite this, each station contains various heavy metal concentration levels. At the end of this study, it has been determined that heavy metal concentration is higher in deep waters than the surface of the water. </span></em><span></span></p>

Discussions that the history writing cannot be objective go back to beginning of the th century. These discussions have come to a peak in 1990s, positivist methods have been rejected in many countries. Since its subject is the human, the idea to evaluate history and historical texts written by humans according to human psychology is now accepted by many academicians. In order to realize this, it is necessary that interdisciplinary studies should be generalized. Associate Professor İsmail Gezgin from Ege University has prepared his work, Herodotus in the Mirror, within the framework of above ideas. In this work, Gezgin has tried to identify the processes that Herodotus had gone through and used some theories and methods of social psychology, environmental psychology and community psychology while doing that. In this article, mentioned book by Gezgin is analysed.

A 37-year-old male patient applied with the complaint of photophobia and having difficulties in reading. Both pupils were found to be dilated and unreactive to light but responsive to accommodation. The case was diagnosed with bilateral tonic pupil following neurological, radiological and laboratory evaluations. Tonic pupil should be kept in mind in eyes with light-near dissociation. In this case report, bilateral tonic pupils and the possible mechanism which may cause this disorder were discussed. (Turk J Ophthalmol 2013; 43: 64-6)

In this article, an emphasis will be laid on thespelling of a few words which are mentioned in the oldTurkic inscriptions and regarded as not Turkish.Considering the spelling of these words intoconsideration, whether the unity of the spelling of foreignwords mentioned in the texts with Arabic letters are alsoa fact for the texts with Kök Turk letters will bediscussed. After the analysis on the spelling of foreignwords, with regard to the general spelling rules, anemphasis will be given on the spelling problems in oldTurkic inscriptions and an opinion will be stated whetherthese are based on dialectic reasons or based completelyon mistakes resulted from the negligence of the writer.

The purpose of this study is to identify the distribution of the 231 target behaviors in the Math Curriculum for Sixth to Eighth Grades in reference to the six categories included in the cognitive process dimension of the Revised Bloom‟s Taxonomy. In accordance with the purpose, the criteria for coding and analyzing were specified with contributions from certain professionals. Next, the behaviors were independently coded by two graders with a consideration into the activities included in the curriculum. The descriptive findings suggest that there were few behaviors in the categories “evaluating” and “creating” and most of the behaviors fell into the categories “understanding” and “applying”. In addition, the comparative statistical analyses reported significant differences in terms of cognitive learning level depending on learning domains and grades. Specifically, the behaviors involving higher-level cognitive learning were mainly found in the sixth grade and in the learning domains “measurement” and “probability-statistics”.

Pancreatic cancer is the second most frequent gastrointestinal malignancy,with an extremely poor prognosis. There is a few data about frequency ofpancreatic cancer in our country. We evaluate the general features of these patientswho diagnosed in Gastroenterology clinic, University of Dicle within last 10 years.There were 55 patients in our study who obtained by screening the past files fromlast 10 years’ registry.The gender disturbance was 64% male and 36% female in our pancreaticcancer patients with a male-to-female ratio of 1.75 / 1 . The overall median age was59.9 years. Of the cases 89% were equal or above 45 years old. The most frequentsymptoms were abdominal pain (89%) and weight loss (85%). There were ichterusin 49%, epigasrical mass in 20% and ascitic fluid in 10% of the patients. Sixtypercent were heavy smokers, and 16% of them had cholecystectomy history. Newonsetdiabetes mellitus observed in 36% patients. Of the cases 93% were in highstage (III-IV). Disease which observed in advanced age and had male dominance,must be kept in mind as an entity in case of new-onset diabetes mellitus andgastrointestinal alarm symptoms

The aim of this study is to make a determination about the case, by searching physical and physiological parameters with Eurofit tests of boy students at İzmir. The research was made on the age group of 12 - 15 years old, volunteer 1002 boy students who are studying at primary schools; those were chosen randomly in Karabağlar, Konak and Buca boroughs in İzmir. Height and weight, body fat percentage, vertical bounce, 20 m. shuttle run test test, max VO2, grip strength, leg strength, back strength, FVC and FEV1 tests were applied to these students. In conclusion, there were significant differences between test group and control group.

ABSTRACT Background: The world is experiencing a phenomenal rise in cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality. These are higher in developed than developing countries as well as urban more than rural areas. The place of the urban environment in this picture is seen more as an association than a cause. With the epidemiological transition coming on, the need to draw attention to the role of a &#8220;toxic&#8221; environment becomes necessary if preventive measures are to be put in place. Objective: This review article sought to evaluate the role of the urban environment in the development of cardiovascular disease. This would therefore highlight the areas where preventive measures can be instituted to stem the tide of rising cardiovascular disease mobility and mortality Method: A systematic review of literature on environmental and cardiovascular diseases from indexed and on-line journals using Pubmed, Google and Google scholar. Relevant local materials on housing and urban environment were also consulted. Result: The various ways by which the urban environment would become toxic and precipitate incident cardiovascular disease or worsen pre-existing ones are highlighted. Conclusion: The need to ensure orderly development of urban areas, discourage rural to urban migration by deliberate social, political and economic engineering and improve urban infrastructure become compelling. These would impact positively on the phenomenon. [TAF Prev Med Bull 2011; 10(3.000): 369-372]

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of mathematical writing activities on 3 rd grade students' mathematical problem solving and posing skills. Therefore this study was done by using quasi-experimental model with pretest-posttest control group. Research was conducted in 2014- 2015 Education Year Spring Semester. The study group of the research consists of totally 66 3rd grade students At the experimental group, the activities of 3rd grade mathematics curriculum and 3 rd grade mathematic text book are applied. In addition to these activities, mathematical writing activities put into application to the experimental group. However to the control group only the activities of 3rd grade mathematics curriculum and 3rd grade mathematic text book are applied.  All groups' applications lasted for 8 weeks. As a result of this study, it was seen that, at the end of the experimental processes, there is a meaningful statistical difference between experiment group and control group, among problem solving and problem posing skills of students in experiment’s group favour. This result is supporting the relevant literature.   Özet Bu araştırmanın amacı, matematiksel yazma etkinliklerinin, ilkokul 3. sınıf öğrencilerinin matematiksel problem çözme ve kurma becerileri üzerindeki etkilerini belirlemektir. Bu yönüyle çalışmada, ön test-son test kontrol gruplu deneme modeli kullanılmıştır. Çalışma 2014-2015 bahar yarıyılında gerçekleştirilmiş olup çalışma grubunu toplam 66 3. sınıf öğrencisi oluşturmaktadır. Deney grubunda deneysel işlem sürecinde ilköğretim matematik öğretim programında ve ders kitabında ön görülen etkinliklere ek olarak matematiksel yazma etkinlikleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Kontrol grubunda ise 3. sınıf matematik programı ve ders kitabında yer verilen etkinliklere bağlı kalınmıştır. Uygulamalar 8 hafta sürmüştür. Araştırma sonuçları, deneysel işlem süreci sonunda deney ve kontrol grubunda yer alan öğrencilerin problem çözme ve kurma becerileri bakımından karşılaştırıldığında, deney grubu lehine istatistiksel olarak anlamlı düzeyde bir farklılık olduğunu göstermektedir. Bu sonuç ilgili literatürü destekler niteliktedir.

Objectives: Our aim was to compare the clinical, hormonal and metabolic features between overweight and obese patients with PCOS and normal weight women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Methods: 119 patients with PCOS (15-39 years) were included in the study. We evaluated anthropometric, hormonal and metabolic parameters in all patients. Results: Ferriman- Gallwey hirsutism score was similar in overweight or obese patients with PCOS (n=78) and normal weight patients with PCOS (n=41) (p=0.373). While 71.8% of the obese group had irregular menses, this ratio was 60.9% in normal weight group (p=0.160). HOMA-IR values were higher in the obese group (1.7±0.7 vs 3.3±1.7, p<0.001). Serum triglyceride (87.2±49.8 vs. 123.4±65.3 mg/dl) and LDL-cholesterol levels (104.5±29.4 vs 121.7±32.9 mg/dl) were higher in obese group than the normal weight group (p=0.002, p=0.006). HDL-cholesterol levels were lower in obese group (46.5±11 vs 56.7±11.7 mg/dl, p<0.001). Free testosterone levels were 3.54±2.5 pg/ml in overweight and obese group and 2.36 ± 1.2 pg/ml in normal weight group (p = 0.016). While BMI was positively correlated with age (r=0.210), waist circumference (r=0.916), systolic (r=0.238) and diastolic blood pressure (r=0.181), insulin (r=0.635), HOMA-IR (r=0.650), total-C ( r=0.242), LDL-C (r=0.295), triglyceride (r=0.424) and total testosterone (r=0.230), it was negatively correlated with HDL-C (r=-0.476). Conclusion: Obesity did not influence hirsutism and menstruel regularity in patients with PCOS in this study, however obesity deteriorated insulin sensitivity and lipid profile. J Clin Exp Invest 2014; 5 (4): 567-571

Cultivation of avocado has increasingly attracted the attention of producers in Turkey recently. Hass is one of the most important avocado cultivars produced in the world and Turkey. The aim of this study was to determine the most suitable fruit maturity standards for Hass cultivar by analyzing some physical and chemical parameters. The study was conducted at the two harvest periods from October to June in 2010-11 and 2012-13 years with 15-20 days intervals. Fruit weights changed from 106.73 g to 196.50 g in 2010-11 and from 98.45 g to 157.81 g in 2012-13 harvest periods. Dry weight of fruits increased from 19.60% to 36.45% and from 19.23% to 38.28% and oil content increased from 6.43% to 22.06% and from 6.47% to 24.86% depending on the harvest period in 2010-11 and 2012-13 respectively. There was a very high positive relationship between dry weight and oil content of fruit, but a significant negative correlation was found between fruit flesh and seed weight. As a result of this study; the optimal harvest period of Hass cultivar was determined to be from January to June in terms of fruit dry weight and oil content in Antalya conditions.

Bu yazı Abdülfeyyâz Tevfîk’in “Terbiye ve Talim Umdeleri” adlı kitabının Osmanlıca’dan günümüz Türkçe’sine aktarılmış hâlidir. Eser öğretmenlerin bilmeleri ve uygulamaları gereken eğitim-öğretim ilkelerini içermektedir. Kitabı günümüz diline kazandırırken özellikle öğretmen adayları ya da mesleğe yeni başlamış öğretmenlerin dikkatlerini çekmeyi amaçladık. Çalışma giriş ve iki bölümden oluşmaktadır. Giriş okunduğunda kitabın yazılış amacı anlaşılırken, birinci bölümde eğitim üzerinde durulmakta ve ikinci bölümde öğretim ve ders anlatım biçimleri işlenmektedir.This paper is passed form of Abdulfeyyaz Tevfik’s work tittled “The Principles Of Education And Teaching” from Ottoman Turkish to contemporary Turkish. That work includes that the teachers should know and practice the principles of education and teaching. Especially, we aimed with this essay to draw attention of prospective teachers and recruits. The essay consists of introduction, and two parts. The aim of work occurs when the introduction is read. The first chapter focuses on education and the second chapter examinates the teaching and courses processing methods.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; margin: 0cm 0cm 6pt;"><span style="color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;" lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Due to increasing crime rates, insufficient policies and the limitations of the official statistics, victim surveys are being used as an alternative crime measurement technique. These types of surveys are inspired most of the criminological theories and regarded as a data source especially in shaping the crime policies of the Anglo-Saxon countries. Even though they have developed over time, victim surveys have limitations which create an obstacle in measuring crime. However, these surveys could be used as a useful data source in analyzing victims, their needs and behaviors. The recent victim surveys, which were conducted in Turkey, revealed significant findings. In the future, it is inevitable to use victim surveys as a management instrument in the field of security policies in Turkey. This study first examines the birth and development of the victim surveys, then it discusses the theoretical and methodological problems and the victim surveys conducted in Turkey. In conclusion section, this article provides recommendations related to the topic.</span></span></p>

When continuity is lacked in the agricultural programs and policies of a developing nation, such nation cannot avoid to keep moving round a circle. Such nation’s agricultural sector will be full of activities without actions and achievements will elude such country. This study therefore reviewed some of the agricultural programs and policies in Nigeria, their failures and successes as well as reasons behind the failures and success vis-à-vis the recent agricultural development strategy of Nigeria; Agricultural Transformation Agenda which has had its attending major successes of lifting the agricultural economy of Nigeria from being a democratic dividend to profit-oriented commercial business sector of the economy and x-rayed the role of legislature in sustainability of the successes of the agricultural strategy for continuity of agricultural development in Nigeria.

Amy Tan and Mary Yukari Waters are both Asian-Americans who portray hybridity in their short stories which depict the shifting identities of the self. But do the internal categories of gender, race and ethnicity help in the coherence or do they add to the fragmentation of diverse identities? It is the dynamics of this critique of multiple identification and hybrid cultures that is being traced here in this study and how all this is reflected in narrative responses to such conditions of the examination of the self and, on a broader scale, community. The study builds on Victor Turner’s theory of liminality.

Aim: The artery supply to head of femur and running along with the ligament of head of femur (ligamentum capitis femoris) is important for the clinician in preventing aseptic avascular necrosis disease. The purpose of this study was to investigate the course and number of the artery and the anatomic and histologic structures of the ligament. Material and Methods The study was conducted on 26 ligaments of head of femur taken from 13 cadavers (8 males, 5 females). Shape and length of the ligament were examined. Then, it was investigated under light microscope. Results: The ligament was found in all cases. Although, the study was conducted on elderly cadavers, all ligaments included dense collagen fibers and several arteries. These arteries were thick. On histological evaluation, outer surfaces of all ligaments were included dense collagen fibers and synovial membrane. Conclusion: The arteries did not run into the ligament. Furthermore, they ran into superoanterior region of the ligament. Thus, we thought that the ligament was not injured at the adduction movement and blood stream was not interrupted.

This study is planned for the aim of comparing university students’ knowledge levels about doping who are interestedin individual and team sport. A kind of identification study was made at Karamanoglu Mehmet Bey University at fall term in2008-2009 education-training years. 103 university students who agree to participate in study and do in sports actively and studyin 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th class of Physical Education and Sports Department of physical education and sport at KaramanogluMehmetbey University composed the creation of study. Study data was gathered by survey method that leant against selfdeclarationof participants. In the survey form some questions which are specific to interrogation of socio-demographic featuresand a knowledge form which is leant against measuring knowledge level about doping were asked to the students. 35.9% of thestudents are girls and 64.1% of the students are boys who participate in the study and do sport actively Students age average is22.42±1.74, and it is found that 31.1% of it is 1st class student, 28.2% is 2nd class, 20.4% 3rd class and 20.4% 4th classstudents. It has found that 18.4% of the students have done sport for 1-3 years, 36.9% of them for 4–7 years, 27.2% of themfor 8–11 years and 17.5% of them for 12–15 years. It has found that the dispersion of students’ branches was 62.1% of teamsport and 37.9% of individual sport. They have indicated that students’ tends to the sport is via 65% by own attention, 14,6%intervention of family and friends, 8,7% media and 11,7% physical education teacher and trainer. It has found that theknowledge levels about doping of sportsmen, who are interested in individual sports, is different from the knowledge level ofsportsmen who are interested in team sport and it is statically meaningful (p<0.05). Those interested in team sports was higherdoping level of knowledge.

Objectives of the present study were to determine the environmental management practices of hospitality businesses, to determine the differences between environmental management practices of hospitality facilities (hotels) of Kayseri and Nevşehir and put forward the effects of environmental management practices implemented within reactive and proactive environmental management implementations on perceived corporate reputation of employees. Along with these objectives, 6 hypotheses were developed. Results revealed that participated hotels had higher rates of reactive environmental practices than proactive environmental practices. The t-test and anova analysis carried out to determine the differences between two provinces revealed significant differences between integration of reactive environmental practices of the hotels (p<0.05). Chain hotels had higher rates of reactive environmental practices. Regression analysis was performed to find out the effects of environmental management practices on perceived corporate reputation. While there was a medium level effect of reactive environmental practices on perceived corporate reputation, proactive environmental practices had low impacts on perceived corporate reputation.

Objective: In a pre-post design, most commonly used change measure is simple difference (D), but percent change (PC) and symmetrized percent change (SPC) are not. We aimed to determine whether paired t-test and Wilcoxon signed rank test are suitable for PC and SPC according to type I-error and the power by a simulation. Material and Methods: Simulation study was performed by using normally distributed random numbers. Two samples which were called pre and post treatment measures with replacement were taken from a standard normal population which included 10.000 observations. Three different sample size, two different correlation degree, two different standard deviation and two different effect sizes were investigated for the purposes in simulation study. Results: The actual type-I error probabilities of paired t-test for PC were higher than nominal level except variances of pre and post measurements were near to homogenous. But they were observed significantly different from its nominal level in all test combinations for SPC. Actual type-I error of WSR for PC and SPC were found different from 5% when sample size is lower than 20. The powers of t-test and WSR test for PC and SPC were also low or moderate level in the simulation conditions. Conclusion: PC and SPC measures should only be used for descriptive purposes until appropriate test will found.

Idiopathic orbital myositis is seen very rare in children. In this article, the diagnose criteria of a pediatric case with idiopathic orbital myositis and oral non-steroid anti-inflammatory treatment’s response have been evaluated. A thirteen-year-old girl was admitted to our clinic with the complaint of diplopia and pain. On ophthalmologic examination, right eye had up-gaze restriction. Right superior rectus muscle’s extension and contrast involvement have been observed in orbital magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Based on the MRI findings and due to absence of systemic disease, our case was diagnosed as idiopathic orbital myositis. Oral non-steroid antiinflammatory treatment was applied to the patient. After a month from starting the treatment, up-gaze restriction and diplopia have not been observed and no relapse was seen in eighteen-month follow-up visits. Idiopathic orbital myositis should be considered among differential diagnoses in children who have complaint of orbital pain and diplopia. Non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs can be effective in the treatment of idiopathic orbital myositis. (Turk J Ophthalmol 2013; 43: 362-4)

Assesment of sociodemographic and psychiatric characteristics of attempted suicide in children and adolescents. The aim of this study is to identify risk factors and sociodemographic, psychiatric characteristics of adolescents and children who attempted suicide. Suicide attempters (range 7-15 years, fifty-eight cases) who referred to Karadeniz Technical University, School of Medicine, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry outpatient clinic between January 2003 and January 2005 were analyzed retrospectively, in terms of sex, age, living residence, number of suicide attempts, educational achievement and level, psychiatric examinations, method of suicide, precipitating events, psychiatric evaluations of parents, socioeconomic status in our study. The majority of subjects were girls (89.7%). The commonest age group involved was 15-16 years (46.6%). Girls, aged 15-16 years, from middle-low socioeconomic status with low achievement at school, living in urban area were found to be risky group for suicide attempt. From the view of low tolerance to problems, insufficient coping abilites in youth; acquirement of problem solving capacity and aiding in familiar problems solutions may be efficient in prevention and treatment of suicide.

The researchs made in the western world on the history of drama mostly based on the Chinese and Greeks’ sources. The culture of Turkish located in the Middle Asia, because of an unknown reason, is excluded from the history of theatre drama or ignored. The dramatic actions performed by the Turkish Shamans, which dates back to twenty thousand years, form the strong figures. The Shamans regard the basic elements of drama consisting of acting and improvisation as the parts of their lives. The dramatic components can be come acrossed in any stage of the life. Those components was in use in Turkish tribes as an indispensible need and a requisite providing self awareness for human beings. The reflections of shamanistic culture may be encountered in different forms after centuries. They are the first players of our history. Turkish Shamans defined their places in the history by their actions, aims and certain dramatical activities. <br> <br> Batı’da tiyatro ve drama tarihi üzerinde yapılan araştırmalar daha çok Çin ve Yunan kaynaklarına dayanır. Orta Asya’daki Türk kültürü her nedense bu tiyatro ve drama tarihi çalışmalarının dışında tutulmuş ya da atlanmıştır. Yirmi bin yıllık bir geçmişe sahip olan Türk Şamanların sergiledikleri dramatik eylemler, drama ve tiyatro tarihi için güçlü figürler oluşturmaktadır. Şamanlar dramanın temelini oluşturan rol oynama, doğaçlama ve eylem gibi unsurları hayatlarının bir parçası gibi görürler. Dramatik unsurlarla insan hayatının her safhasında karşılaşılabilir. Bu unsurlar, eski Türk kavimlerinde insanın kendisini tanımasını sağlayan ve asla vazgeçemediği bir ihtiyaç olarak kullanılmaktaydı. Şaman kültürünün yansımaları yüzyıllar sonra çeşitli şekillerde karşımıza çıkar. Onlar tarihimizin ilk oyuncularıdır. Türk Şamanları tarihteki yerlerini; eylemleri, amaçları, keskin dramatik etkinlilikleriyle belirlemişlerdir.

Hunger, extreme desire to eat a certain food, taste, price, and convenience are among the main There are various factors that affect food preferences. Hunger, extreme desire to eat a certain food, taste, price, and convenience are among the main factors affecting food preferences. Additionally, general nutritional habits, family, friends, commercials, and availability of the food are also important for food preferences. Also, past experiences with foods are related to preferring or rejecting some foods. Socializing more with increasing age causes change in the food preferences of adolescents. Unhealthy nutrition habits form as a result of the adolescents consuming fast foods, spending time with their friends outside the house, and consuming more ready-made foods. Current developments in the food industry result in an increase in variety and consumption of snacks such as cookies, chocolate, chips, and crackers in adolescents. Considering all these, in this rewiev article, environmental and personal factors affecting food preferences have been investigated. (Jo­ur­nal of Cur­rent Pe­di­at­rics 2013; 11: 121-7)

When the general objectives of teaching social studies are examined, it is seen that the social studies lesson is a basic course that should gain knowledge, skills and attitudes. Yet, it is seen that thesocial studies courses are predominantly taught based on knowledge insome educational institutions. One of the most important reasons ofthis is that the social studies teachers do not have enough knowledgeespecially about the skill dimension of social studies teaching. Todaythe view on knowledge has changed. Knowledge isn’t perceived asmemorizing the facts, concepts, principles and processes. To use theknowledge is much more emphasized than to acquire it.The purpose of this study is to reveal the views of Social Studiesteachers about the skills contained in social studies studies. The studyhas been carried out with qualitative approach and the data has beenobtained via the semi-structured interviews which have been carriedout by teachers who work in Menemen, İzmir. The teachersparticipating in the study were randomly selected. An importantpart ofthe social studies teachers who have taken part in the study see thesocial studies lesson as a knowledge-basedcourse. In addition, it is seenthat a significant portion of the teachers do not have enough knowledgeto be able to teach social studies about the skills in the curriculum andteaching them. <br> Sosyal bilgiler öğretiminin genel amaçları incelendiğinde, sosyal bilgiler dersinin bilgi, beceri ve tutum kazandırması gereken temel bir ders olduğu görülür. Ancak ülkemizde bazı eğitim kurumlarında sosyal bilgiler derslerinin ağırlıklı olarak bilgi temelliöğretildiği görülmektedir. Bunun en önemli nedenlerinden bir tanesi, sosyal bilgiler öğretmenlerinin, sosyal bilgiler öğretiminin özellikle beceri boyutu hakkında yeterince bilgiye sahip olmamasıdır. Günümüzde ise bilgiye bakış değişmiştir. Bilgi olguları, kavramları, ilkeleri ve süreçleri ezberlemek olarak görülmemektedir. Bilgiyi kullanma, bilgi edinmeden daha fazla vurgulanmaktadır.Bu çalışmanın amacı, sosyal bilgiler programlarında yer alan beceriler hakkında sosyal bilgiler öğretmenlerinin görüşlerini ortaya çıkarmaktır. Çalışma nitel bir anlayışla yürütülmüş olup, veriler İzmir ili Menemen ilçesinde görev yapan öğretmenlerle yürütülen yarı yapılandırılmış mülakatlar aracılığıyla elde edilmiştir. Çalışmaya katılan öğretmenler rastgele seçilmiştir. Araştırmaya katılan sosyal bilgiler öğretmenlerinin önemli bir kısmı sosyal bilgiler dersini bilgi temelli bir ders olarak görmektedir. Ayrıca öğretmenlerin önemli bir kısmının sosyal bilgiler dersinde öğretimi yapılabilecek, müfredatta yer alan beceriler ve bu becerilerin öğretimi hakkında yeterince bilgilerinin olmadığı anlaşılmaktadır.

In our country which has patriarchal social structure in which the primary responsibility of a woman is her home and her family, female research assistant face problems while balancing their business and domestic life. Especially in the beginning of scholarship, and yet both students and research assistants have a professional working women to balance their work and family life with a gender perspective on the issues important to reveal the density. This study is a research in descriptive type made for the aim of determining the opinions of women working as research assistant regarding their business and family lives and the problems they meet, through the gender perspective. Sample of research is composed of 246 women who worked as research assistant. Data were collected by face-to-face interview method and data collection form developed by the researchers. Descriptive statics and Chi-square tests was used during the evaluation of data. It stated by 27.2 % of the female participators of the study that there is an inequality between men and women in business life. 31.7 % of the female research assistants think that to have a higher status than male causes problems in domestic life. It is determined that the roles imposed on woman at home traditionally (cooking, washing the dishes, laundering, ironing, cleaning the house, cloth repairing) are performed by the most of the women included in research; and works such as repair of house, shopping, invoice payment are performed mostly by the man.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12pt;">Purpose of the camp period, men's basketball stars applied to the intensive training is to investigate the effects of the biomotoric and technical performance.<strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"></strong></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12pt;">Materials and Methods; Yenimahalle City Sports Club, played basketball in our study who joined 15 male basketball players. The mean age of 13.9&plusmn;0.5 years, basketball, body weight 70.4&plusmn;8.2 kg., Height 184.1&plusmn;7.8 cm. 3.0&plusmn;1.1 years in age and fitness were olaerak. Biyomotorik tests in basketball, 20 m., 30 m. speed, vertical jump squat, vertical jump on one foot right-left, right and left hand grip, back strength, flexibility, endurance, 3000 m. was applied. As technical testing, basic stance, changing hands from the front, rear changing hands, legs, between the left-right turns against time was performed in reverse. Period of 12 days at the camp was planned. Ten (10) days training and daily double training as planned. In the period since the end of the camp and the tester was applied. The data obtained from the arithmetic mean and standard deviation values were determined using paired t-test was applied.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12pt;">Findings, physical measurements of body weight, a significant decrease (p&gt;0.05) was seen, biomotoric features 30 m sprint, shuttle, left aAyak vertical jump, flexibility, endurance and technical tests for a significant improvement was observed (p&lt;0.05)<strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"></strong></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12pt;">The result we obtained based on the data at the level of the stars of the camp period of intensive training and technical performance biyomotorik were found to positively influence a large part of. </span></p>

Intradural disc herniation has been reported as a rare and particular type of intervertebral disc herniation. It occurs mostly in the lumbar spine, and rarely in the cervical or thoracic spine. Non-traumatic cervical intradural disc herniation is rare, with only 17 cases reported in English literature at the cervical region and can manifest itself by severe symptoms such as Brown-Sequard syndrome, transverse myelopathy and radiculopathy. We present a unique case of intradural cervical disc herniation only causing lower extremity monoplegia. To our knowledge, this is the first case described in the literature. The patient underwent microsurgical removal of the herniated disc via an anterior approach followed by interbody fixation using a cervical cage. J Clin Exp Invest 2014; 5 (1): 112-114

Mersin takes 17th place on the list of the social-economical development of the Turkish cities. It has rather high development potential on the trade, industry and the service sectors. The main objective of this study is to define the life quality of Mersin City. Also, it is aimed to analyse the effects of the urban tissue on the life quality. The fact of the life quality will be examined under the light of the subjective (satisfaction rate, … ) and objective indicators (welfare, security, equality, … etc. ). The preliminary findings of a rather compherensive field research which realized with about 1420 household in 2008 will be used.

<div><p><strong><em>Özet: 2011 yılının mart ayında Japonya'daki Fukuşima nükleer santralinde deprem ve tsunami sonrasında meydana gelen nükleer felaket, tüm dünyada enerji sisteminde nükleer enerjinin devamlılığı konusunda tartışmaların yoğunlaşmasına yol açtı. Felaket sonucu ABD gibi bazı ülkeler güvenlik standartlarını yeniden gözden geçirme ve bunları güncelleme yoluna giderlerken bazıları da mevcut nükleer santrallerini zaman içinde tamamen devre dışı bırakıp nükleer enerjiden tamamen vazgeçmeye karar verdiler. Şöyle ki, Almanya 2022 yılına kadar tüm nükleer santralleri kapatma kararı aldı. Çalışmanın konusunu Almanya’nın nükleer enerji politikası oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmada dünyada ve Almanya’da nükleer enerjinin tarihi gelişimi bu enerji kaynağının olumlu ve olumsuz yanları üzerinde durulmaktadır. Tüm dünyada olduğu gibi Almanya’da da nükleer enerji kaynağına olan ihtiyaç tartışma konusu olmuştur. Çalışmanın amacı nükleer enerjinin özelliklerini ve bu enerji kaynağı ile ilgili Almanya’da yaşanan tartışmaların içeriğini bilim dünyasına duyurmaktır.</em></strong></p><p> </p><div><p align="center"><strong><em>FACTORS AFFECTING NUCLEAR ENERGY POLICY OF GERMANY</em></strong></p><p>Abstract: Tragic March 2011 earthquake and tsunami in Japan have raised questions about the future viability of nuclear power in the energy system around the world. As a result of the crisis at the Fukushima nuclear power station, a number of countries, including United States have announced safety reviews of the nuclear facilities, with some announcing plants to be shut down some of their older reactors. So Germany will shut down all of its nuclear power plants by 2022. The subject of the study is a nuclear energy policy followed in Germany. The historical development process of the nuclear energy, specially in Germany, also application areas of this energy has been investigated and special attention are paid to the advantages and disadvantages of the nuclear energy in this study. The need to the nuclear energy sources has been a topic for the discussions all over the world and also in Germany. The aim of study is to research the specificity of nuclear energy policy in Germany and to analyse the content of the discussions on the nuclear energy in depth.</p><p>Keywords: Energy, Nuclear Energy Policy, Germany</p></div><p> </p></div>

Seborrheic keratosis is a common hyperkeratotic lesion of the epidermis, that usually occurs in the trunk and less frequently in the extremities, face, and the scalp. An 50-year-old man presented with a long-standing, slowly growing, firm, Brown-black mass, 2 cm in size, located at the skin of the right auricula. Histopathologic examination showed seborrheic keratosis. J Clin Exp Invest 2014; 5 (2): 320-322

The Concept of subject representing the central position in the modern social sciences has been criticized seriously by the structuralism, putting the structure instead of the subject. In addition to this, the structuralism has criticized the understanding of evolutionist history which is from the basic features of the modern thought. The criticism of subject in the structuralism have been transformed to the post- structuralism, by making it more radical. The post-structuralism claims that the plurality of the meaning and the diversity of the life are compressed by the scientific theorizing. The post-structuralism aims to contribute solving the problems of the meaning of the cultural systems, emphasizing the playings of the meanings and the plurality. Demonstrating the relation between the discourse and the power, Foucoult discovers how the modernity transforms the individuals object of domination.

Objective: Osteosarcoma of the bone accounts for approximately 20% of all primary malignant bone tumors. Most cases (75-85%) are high-grade osteosarcomas. We aimed to introduce low-grade osteosarcomas that we found by retrospectively scanning our archives because of the diagnostic difficulties, rarity and different therapeutic approach required.Material and Method: We found 156 osteosarcoma cases in the archives of the Department of Pathology of Istanbul University, Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine covering the period 2000 to 2010. These cases included 141 high-grade and 15 low-grade osteosarcomas.Results: Low-grade osteosarcomas made up 10.4% of all osteosarcomas. Age and sex distribution were 19 to 54 (median 33.6) with 9 females and 6 males. Most cases were located in the distal femur while others were in the proximal tibia, the left wrist, the distal tibia and the right knee. The tumors were generally made up of relatively well-formed trabeculae of woven bone surrounded by a moderately cellular spindle cell proliferation entangled in collagen fibers. Thirteen cases were reported as parosteal osteosarcoma, one as intramedullary well-differentiated osteosarcoma, and one as low-grade osteosarcoma metastasis in the lung.Conclusion: Low-grade osteosarcomas account for approximately 3-5% of all osteosarcomas. They are more commonly seen in women and 9 cases out of 6 were female in our series. The average age was 33.6 (19-54). The distal femur was the most common localization as is typical in osteosarcomas. In contrast to high-grade lesions, surgery will be sufficient in low-grade osteosarcomas. The survival rate ranges from 90% to 100%. Differentiating low-grade osteosarcomas from high-grade osteosarcomas and benign lesions and using a multidisiplinary approach for the diagnosis, treatment and follow-up periods are of vital importance.

Penetrating trauma generates about 30% of chest trauma. Rupture of diapragm has seen approximately 10-15% of penetrating chest trauma. Rupture of diapragm is a well-known but rarely seen and so not often considered and can easily be overlooked major complication of chest injuries. We aimed to present the patient who developed rupture of diapragm after an accident in a factory by a cookware handle slide into his chest. [Cukurova Med J 2014; 39(3.000): 620-624]

Hyperglycemia is frequently encountered in the intensive care unit. In this disease, after severe injury and during diabetes mellitus homeostasis is impaired; hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia and glycemic variability may ensue. These three states have been shown to independently increase mortality and morbidity. Patients with diabetics admitted to the intensive care unit tolerate higher blood glucose values without increase of mortality. Stress hyperglycemia may occur in patients with or without diabetes and has a strong association with increased mortality in the intensive care unit patients. Insulin is the drug of choice to treat hyperglycemia in the intensive care unit. In patients with moderate hyperglycemia a basal–bolus insulin concept can be used. Close glucose monitoring is of paramount importance throughout the intensive care unit stay of the patient. In the guidelines for glycemic control based on meta-analyses it was shown that a tight glycemic control does not have a significant mortality advantage over conventional treatment. Given the controversy about optimal blood glucose goals in the intensive care unit setting, it seems reasonable to target a blood glucose level around 140 mg/dL to avoid episodes of hypoglycemia and minimize glycemic variability. The closed loop system with continuous glucose monitoring and algorithm based insulin application by an infusion pump is a promising new concept with the potential to further reduce mortality and morbidity due to hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia and glycemic variability. The goal of this review was to give a brief overview about pathophysiology of hyperglycemia and to summarize current guidelines for glycemic control in critically ill patients.

Aim: This study was planned to determine the frequency, funding and effectiveness of continuous medical education programs which the medical staff at a state hospital attended. Method: This descriptive research was performed on 87 medical staff working at a state hospital (doctor, nurse, midwife, health officer, health technician, and pharmacist) who were accepted to participate in the study. The data were collected through face to face interviews with a questionnaire. Their answers assessed by using SPSS 18.0 statistics package program. Results: 32 people participated in this study (36.8%) were physicians, 33 people (37.9%) nurses and 22 people (25.3%) belong to other health professions. They attended to total 139 continues medical education programs in last one year. 131 of the programs were related to their working area and 8 were not. 22 of the education programs were free of charge, 54 were financed by attendants, 22 were financed by a commercial sources and 41 were financed by the hospital. 3 of education programs were rated as lowly effective, 29 as moderately effective and 107 were highly effective. There was only one health care worker participated in distance education. Conclusion: Motivating and supporting medical staff for participating in professional development activities is critically important for both staff and health care system.

Castleman’s disease is a rare lymphoproliferative disorder of unknown aetiology. It has two clinical expressions. The localized form, which usually presents as a slow growing mass and the multicentric form, where tumoural involvement is multilocated. Mediastinal involvement is the most common location of presentation. Parapharyngeal involvement is very rare and, to our knowledge, five pediatric parapharyngeal Castleman’s disease have been reported. We describe the case of a 14-year-old female child who was diagnosed as having parapharyngeal Castleman’s disease.

Alienation is defined from different point of view, within different disciplines and different epistemological positions. Within the conceptualization of “consumption society”, alienation covers the consumer alienation in the marketplace. In this respect, consumer becomes alien to herself/himself, her/his identity and body. Moreover, s/he constructs herself/himself as the person s/he wants to be and tries to change her/his own body according to dominant “ideal” body shape, via consumption. In this study, to become alien to her/his own body is studied related to women consumers under the ecological feminist theory. According to ecological feminism, both woman and nature become alien by the dominant consumption culture and as a consumer woman become alien to her body in the marketplace.

This study was designed to find general characteristics of Mersin MP’s in Multi Party Period (Since 1950 up to Date). On the final stage the place of Mersin MP’s in Turkish political elites will be examined. Social background peculiarities (gender, age, education, occupation, family size) were used to achieve the objectives. Documentary and historical research techniques were applied in the paper. An original data set was produced for analysis from the official publications and records and publications of the Turkish Grand National Assembly which is the main legislative organ in Turkey. The data set was analysed by using SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences).As a result of examining all the assemblies in the Multi Party period these major findings were discovered in related with Mersin MP’s: A large majority of Mersin MP’s were well educated, male, married, with a small family size and middle aged. Moreover the large majority of Mersin MP’s were lawyers and civil bureaucrats. Although the situation has begun to change in recent years, the deputies have exhibited an elitist character as compared with the general population of Mersin.

MicroRNAs (MiRNAs) are highly conserved, non-protein-coding, approximately 18-24 nucleotides, small RNA molecules. These non-protein-coding RNAs bind target mRNAs which are complementary with their squences and post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression through translation repression or mRNA degradation. Using this pathway, miRNAs play important roles in homeostatic process including cell proliferation, differentiation and cell death. Recent studies based on gene expression have revealed that miRNA expressions are deregulated in cancer cells which have uncontrolled grow. According to character of target mRNA, miRNAs act like tumor supressor or oncogene in cancer initiation and progression. In this review, miRNA biogenesis and their roles in cancer progression are described and studies setting out the relationship between miRNAs and cancer are reviewed.

Tevriye (pun) is one of the most important figures of speech. However it is mistaken with a few terms such as kinaye, tevcih and mugalata-i maneviye. In this article we examined classical rhetoric books with a critical approach, and examples given to tevriye. Therefore we have made distinction between tevriye and others. We also tried to present a clearer definition of tevriye and found new species of it on the ground of language such as tevriye of paronomasia and tevriye of tropes.

Pityriasis rotunda is a rare skin disease characterized by round or oval patches, localized mainly on the trunk, arms, and legs. The patches are usually lighter than the surrounding skin, but sometimes may be darker, and are covered by fine, adherent scales. It is very rare in caucasoids, common in Japanese and is also seen in South African blacks and West Indian black and Mediterrean area predominantly in Sardinia have been reported but it is seldom observed in Europe. We present the first two cases diagnosed from Turkey. There were well-demarcated circumscribed scaly plaques with a erythematous periphery and hypopigmented center on the trunk and proximal parts of upper limbs. Their skin phototype was III. Histopathologic examination revealed a moderate degree of compact hyperkeratosis without a granular layer. Complete clearing was observed with only emollients.

Topical anesthetics obtained from pharmacies without prescription are used unconsciously for temporary relief effects especially by workers employed in industry. Over time, the majority of users of such drugs arises the need to more frequently use By the time, workers become dependent to these drugs. Topical anesthetics may lead to toxic keratopathy by the direct toxic effects on the cornea or disrupting the tears stability. Not intervened simple keratopathy can progress through the corneal-scleral thinning, permanent corneal opacity, and can lead to even perforation. We want to submit a case developing toxic keratopathy and drug abuse by unconsciously use of topical anesthetics.

In the present experimental study, the effects of cooperative learning method supported by mutliple intelligence theory (CLMI) on elementary school third grade students’ achievement on mathematics were investigated. The study, which had lasted nine consecutive weeks, was conducted at a public elementary school in thedistrict of Seyhan-Adana, Turkey in 2004-2005 academic year. The participants of the study were 85 students. For the purpose of this study, on experimental group cooperative learning method supported by mutliple intelligence theory (CLMI) was used as the method of instruction whereas the control groups were instructured utilizing the traditional teacher oriented method. “Mathematics Achievement Test (MAT)”, “Teele Inventory of Multiple Intelligences (TIMI)” and “Personal Information Form (PIF)” were used as the measurement instruments of the study. MAT was administered as pretest and posttest to the experimental and control groups. Furthermore, prior to the study TIMI and PIF (for getting personal information about students) were administered to all the participants. They also were used in order to constitute the cooperative learning teams in the experimental group. In this research, the data obtained by achivement test was analysed by using statistical techniques of covariance analysis.As a result, there was a statistically significant difference among experimental group and second control group in favor of the experimental group in the achivement test. Moreover, no statically significant differences were observed among the experimental group and the observed – directed group (first control group).

Değer kavramı, aslında yeni bir mefhum değildir. O, tarihin her anında var olmasına rağmen, içinde yaşadığımız asrın zalimce uygulamaları yüzünden yeniden gündeme gelmiş ve popüler olmuştur. Asrımızın insanı, savaşlar ve ekonomik nedenler sebebiyle mutsuzluk içerisindedir. Yapılan ilmî toplantılarda batı dünyasının bu mutsuz durumdan kurtulmak, dünyayı daha yaşanabilir bir hale getirmek, bireysel ve toplumsal huzuru sağlamak için değerleri tek çıkış noktası olarak gördüğü ifade edilmektedir. Buna mukabil içerisinde bulunduğumuz doğu dünyasının ise suskun olduğu söylenmektedir. Bu bağlamda doğu dünyasının bir mensubu olarak Müslümanlar, değerlerini yeniden sesli bir şekilde gündeme taşımaları gerekmektedir. Şüphesiz değerler söz konusu olduğunda, Müslümanlar için Hz. Peygamber örnek alınması gereken önemli bir şahsiyettir. İşte bu çalışmada olumsuz değerlerin egemen olduğu bir çağda, Hz. Muhammed’in câhiliye batağına saplanmış bir toplumu İslamî değerlerle nasıl eğittiği ele alınacaktır.In fact, the concept of value isn’t a new concept. Despite it had been existing during the history, it has came up again and became very popular today, because of the cruel practices of century in which we live. People of our century is in a misery situation because of wars and economical reasons. At the scientific meetings organising in western world, it is being explained that the values are the only solution to get rid of this unhappy situation, to make the world more livable place and to provide the social and individual peace. On the other hand it can be said that the eastern world in which we are is silent about this matter. As a member of the eastern world, Muslims have to make their values a current issues today as underlined. It can be said easly that the Prophet is the most important person to be sample figure for Muslims in the context of values. On this study, we discuss that how the Prophet Muhammad trained by Islamic values a society which are in ignorance, in an era which was dominated by negative values.

It is emerged to use the materials optimum and efficiently due to shortage of material arising from increasing demands and developed and improved technology. Because of this, it is necessity to understand throughly and analyze the internal structure and mechanical behaviour of cement which one of the most important component of concrete. Water, carbon dioxide, oxygen, sulfate, acid and chloride infiltrate into concrete and caused various types of chemical reactions. Therefore, the concrete has exposed to some chemical and physical factors caused durability problems within the concrete. In this study, CEM I 42.5 R, CEM II/A-P 42.5 R, CEM IV/A-P 32.5 R and SDC 42.5 R types of cements were used and two types of concrete (C20/25 and C30/37) were produced and the concretes were exposed to two various hazardous chemical environments. Compressive strength test was performed on the specimens at 28 d and 180 d. However, it was aimed to determine optimum cement type of concrete exposed to various chemical hazardous environments at Ambarli Advanced Biological Wastewater Treatment Plant.

Neurofibromatosis is a group of clinically related systemic disorders characterized by autosomal dominant inheritance. Hypophosphatemia may rarely develop due to phosphorus loss in the urine in a patient with neurofibromatosis type 1. We present here a 42-year-old male patient with neurofibromatosis type 1, who has two-year history of bone pain and fatigue. Hypoproteinemia, very low blood phosphorus level, significant reduction in bone mineral density, and insufficiency fractures of the proximal femurs and left fibula were detected. It was considered that hypophosphatemic osteomalacia led to stress fractures. The fractures were sufficiently healed with bisphosphonate, vitamin D, calcium treatment and phosphorus-rich diet. The blood phosphorus level of the patient approached approximately the normal limits. Long-lasting spinal, arm and leg pain in patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 must be carefully followed. It should be kept in mind that hypophosphatemic osteomalacia may occur in these patients. In addition to systemic examination, measurement of blood phosphorus level and bone mineral density must be done in order to prevent severe morbidities.

Hemifacial Microsomia is a developmental craniofacial anomaly typically displaying reduced growth and development of half of the face as a result of abnormal development of first and second branchial arches. The patients with Hemifacial Microsomia usually exhibit unilateral involvement of the face but occasionally might involve both the sides. Cases which show vertebral anomalies and epibulbar dermoids have been considered to form a separate category within this condition . The condition is now known to be extremely complex and heterogenous. Here we present a case of Hemifacial Microsomia with its characteristic clinical and radiographic features that will help us in diagnosing and differentiating this rare entity from other closely related syndromes [Cukurova Med J 2014; 39(3.000): 625-635]

This study was conducted to determine leisure activi ty assessment modes of the university students studying at Bartın University School of Physical Education a nd Sport . The universe of the study was composed of 405 university students attending to School of Physical Education a nd Sport , and 291 of them were chosen randomly as the sample group who participated to the survey voluntarily. Questionnaire form was used as data collection tool. Collected data were analyzed with SPSS 15.0 statistical software package , frequency (f) and percentage (%) distributions were interpreted presented in tables. According to analysis results, 43% of students who participated in the study have 3 - 4 hours leisure time and 33 % of students 5 - 6 hours leisure time. In addition, it was observed that families provide d adequate support for students about leisure. Moreover, a large majority of students found that leisure activities are educational and useful. 53.3% of students defined as leisure time left over from the work they have to do. Furthermore a ccording to the majority students , sports provides a regular life to people. The activities in students leisure time respectively shaped 1. listening to music, 2. sports bringing active participation, 3 . going to cinema and theater, 4. watchi ng TV, 5. monitoring sports competitions . As a result, it has been identified that social activities of the department they study are inadequate and they did not adequately use school facilities , even though a majority of students have sufficient time to join in an activity.

Determining campaign theme and the campaign messagesdepending upon campaign theme is one of the preparation phases ofpolitical election campaigns. Effectivemanagement of this process is animportant step for the success of campaigns. Thus, the following pointsshould be determined for campaign messages as significant ones:election atmosphere, strengths and weaknesses of candidate, strengthsand weaknesses of opponent candidate, and socio-demographiccharacteristics and expectations of the electoratePolitical election campaign messages can be created according todifferent strategy or strategies. Some of them are rational, emotional,candidate-centered, and attack message strategies. This paperevaluates perceptions of voters about rational, emotional, candidatecentered,and attack message strategies in the context of a localelection.A scale consisting of 28 items was formed and the data obtainedwas analyzed with a method of exploratory factor analysis. Accordingly,it was concluded that message strategies were able to group in fourfactors. These factors were named as rational, emotional, candidatecentered,and attack message strategies. In the study, it was seen thatrational message strategy was perceived as the most favorable strategyby electorate. Nonetheless, attack message strategy was leastsupportedby voters. However, there is a negative correlation betweenrational, emotional and candidate-centered message strategies andattack message strategy, but they aren’t significant. In addition, thepaper revealed two important findingsin terms of socio-demographicfactors. First, middle-age voters preferred rational message strategiesmore than young voters. Second, voters with high level of educationgenerally supported rational message strategies more than voters withlow level of education. <br> Kampanya teması ve buna bağlı olarak kampanya mesajlarının belirlenmesi siyasal seçim kampanyası hazırlık aşamalarından biridir. Diğer süreçlerde olduğu gibi bu sürecin iyi yönetilmesi kampanya başarısının önemli bir adımıdır. Dolayısıyla mevcut seçim atmosferinin, adayın üstün ve zayıf yönlerinin, rakip adayın üstün ve zayıf yönlerinin, seçmenlerin sosyo-demografik özelliklerinin ve beklentilerinin tespit edilmesi kampanya mesajlarının belirlenmesinde önemli aşamalardandır.Siyasal seçim kampanyası mesajları farklı strateji ya da stratejilere göre oluşturulabilir. Bunlar arasında rasyonel, duygusal, aday önceleme ve saldırgan mesaj stratejileri sayılabilir. Bu çalışma yerel seçimler bağlamında seçmenlerin rasyonel, duygusal, adayı önceleme ve saldırgan mesaj stratejileri ile ilgili algılarını ölçmektedir.Çalışmada mesaj stratejileri ile ilgili yirmi sekiz yargının bulunduğu bir ölçek geliştirilmiş ve elde edilen veriler keşfedici faktör analizi yöntemi ile incelenmiştir. Buna göre mesaj stratejilerinin dört faktörde gruplanabileceği sonucuna varılmıştır. Bu faktörler rasyonel, duygusal, adayı önceleme ve saldırgan mesaj stratejileri olarak isimlendirilmiştir. Araştırmada rasyonel mesaj stratejisinin seçmenler tarafından en olumlu algılanan mesaj stratejisi olduğu görülmüştür. Buna karşın en az desteklenen mesaj stratejisi saldırgan mesaj stratejisi olmuştur. Bununla birlikte rasyonel, duygusal ve adayı önceleme mesaj stratejileri ile saldırgan mesaj stratejisi arasında anlamlı olmayan negatif yönlü bir ilişki bulunmuştur. Ayrıca sosyo-demografik özellikler bakımından orta yaş seçmenlerin genç seçmenlere oranla, eğitim düzeyi yüksek seçmenlerin eğitim düzeyi düşük seçmenlere oranla daha rasyonel tercihlerde bulunması çalışmanın önemli bir sonucu olarak ortaya çıkmıştır.

The 5th Army troops established to counter the Allied States who wanted to conquer Istanbul by forcing the straits from the land and the sea were transferred to the region as a requirement of the Gallipoli Wars during the First World War. Bed numbers of the hospitals in the region were increased. The first intervention to the soldiers was made at the military positions and those whose situations were good were sent to the front and those whose condition was serious were sent to the battalion areas where wounds were taken care of. Although the specified period of time to move a soldier injured at the front to the local hospital or Istanbul was forty-eight hours, this duration was sometimes prolonged when the battle was intense. The vaccination was paid great importance to prevent from cholera, thyhoid fever and smallpox which broke out frequently in the region. The diseases such as thyphus, tuberculosis, pneumonia, pleurosis were also encountered. On the other hand, there was almost no pharmaceutical industry in the country. Most of the pharmaceuticals was received from foreign countries. Even the lack of iodine arose just at the start of the war. Other than those martyred and injured at the front, a large number of soldiers were martyred because of disease and inadequate equipment and operating conditions during the Gallipoli wars. Besides, the total number of losses has been reported around 210.000-218.000 including the martyred, injured, missing, captives, those sent for climate change and hospitals and died of various diseases [TAF Prev Med Bull 2014; 13(2.000): 93-98]

In this study, the role of visual perception between normal and schizoprenic patients was investigated. According to DSM III R diagnosis criteria by personal arientation inventory, 30 normal and 30 schizophrenic patients were included in the study. Of the visual perception tests,the size constancy was performed on both groups.The decisions of the Size constancy of subjects were obtained by comparing five standart stimuli darwn on a white cartoon whose diameters were 8 cm² and sixteen comparision stimuli that had the same content but different dimensions with standart stimulus. In this tudy. Two general hypothesis and related five sub-hypothesis were suggested. The size constancy of the subjects were solved by variance analysis and t test methods. As a result,it was seen that visual perception,distance and emotional factors between Normal and schiophrenic patiens were effective in the size constancy.

Refik Halid Karay, gives the reader a real life sections in his stories. Thanks to this feature, his works can be considered a sociological document. The author’s story called Yatık Emine tells the readers how a prostitute was left to death by the society in a realistic way. Karay in this story, addresses contradiction of the people worried about morality in a different perspective and criticizes society in an indirect manner.This study focused on the problems identified individual andsocial ethics in Refik Halid Karay’s story called Yatık Emine. <br> <br> Refik Halid Karay, yazdığı hikâyelerde okuyucuya gerçek hayattan kesitler sunar. Bu özelliğiyle onun eserleri birer sosyolojik vesika sayılabilir. Yazarın Yatık Emine adlı hikâyesi okura, bir hayat kadınının toplum tarafından ölüme nasıl terk edildiğini gerçekçi bir şekilde gösterir. Karay, bu hikâyede ahlak kaygısı taşıyan insanların düştüğü çelişkileri farklı bir bakış açısıyla ele alır ve toplumu dolaylı bir şekilde eleştirir.Bu çalışmada, Refik Halid’in Yatık Emine adlı hikâyesinde tespit edilen bireysel ve toplumsal ahlak problemleri üzerinde durulmuştur.

Dolaz (tort) peyniri, beyaz peynirlerin peynir altı sularının uzun süre kaynatılması ile yapılan Isparta yöresine ait geleneksel bir peynirdir. Arastırmamızda inek, koyun ve keçi Beyaz peynirlerinin peynir altı sularından yapılan dolaz peynirleri yöreden toplanarak kimyasal ve mikrobiyolojik analizleri gerçeklestirilmistir. Kimyasal olarak kurumadde, yag, titrasyon asitligi (% laktik asit), pH, yag/ kurumadde, toplam azot, suda çözünen azot, protein ve olgunlasma katsayısı saptanmıstır. Yapılan analiz sonuçlarına göre elde edilen ortalama degerler sırasıyla % 52.04±5.70, % 17.70±5.49, % 1.62±0.45, 4.58±0.31, % 34.52±10.78, % 2.38±0.36, % 0.26±0.14, 15.21±2.31 ve 10.95±5.06 olarak belirlenmistir. Mikrobiyolojik analiz sonuçlarına göre toplam aerobik mezofilik bakteri sayısı (TAMB), maya küf sayısı, psikrofilik bakteri sayısı ve Enterobacteriaceae ortalama olarak sırasıyla 5.41±1.14, 4.13±1.26, 3.24±1.19 ve 1.50±0.68 log kob/g olarak saptanmıstır. Koliform ve Staphylococcus aureus sayıları tüm örneklerde <10 1 log kob/g olarak sayılmıstır. KF Streptococcal agar da sayılan enterekoklar ortalama 3.25±1.80 log kob/g, MRS agarda sayılan laktobasiller ortalama sayıları 5.06±0.79 log kob/g, ve M17 agarda sayılan laktokoklar ise ortalama 5.12±0.93 log kob/g olarak bulunmustur.

Performance evaluation of workers in both public sector and private sector is seen as a significant case today because an effective performance evaluation system increases the quality of goods and services produced. Same concept is valid for the municipalities, which are serving tasks considerable in terms of citizen’s quality of life. Municipalities are generally subject to the personnel evaluation system, which is current in public administration. In this system; there is a prescribed evaluation process for the officer personnel, but not a standard method decided for contracted staff or the worker personnel. In this study, the notional intelligence on performance evaluation will be discussed. Then, the structure in force for public servants regime will be introduced. Following that, the data and findings will be declared and examined which were achieved by a field survey based on the purpose of analyzing the performance evaluation activities towards personnel in municipalities of İzmir.

<p>In the present study, the gamma attenuation behaviours of the Titanium diboride (TiB2) reinforced boron carbide (B4C)-silicon carbide (SiC) composite materials were investigated against Co-60 gamma radioisotope source. In the experiments TiB2 unreinforced and 2% and 4% TiB2 (by volume) reinforced B4C-SiC composite materials were used. In the composite materials B4C/SiC ratio has been realized as 6/4 by volume. The linear and mass attenuation coefficients of the samples were carried out for Co60 gamma radioisotope source which has two energy peaks (1.17 and 1.33 MeV). Then mass attenuation coefficients and half-value thicknesses (HVT) of the materials were calculated. Experimental mass attenuation coefficients were compared with the theoretical values which were calculated from XCOM computer code. Furthermore HVTs of the samples were evaluated and compared each other. It has been seen that the experimental and theoretical mass attenuation coefficients are closed to each other and differences are under 10 percent. In addition, TiB2 reinforced B4C-SiC composites have smaller HVTs than unreinforced one. Moreover 4% TiB2 reinforced B4C-SiC composite has smaller HVT than the 2% reinforced sample. Reinforcing TiB2 and increasing TiB2 ratio increase the gamma attenuation property of the B4C-SiC composites against Co-60 gamma radioisotope source.</p>

Objective: Although cognitive behavioral model of Internet addiction has been well described, studies on metacognitions and ruminative response styles related with Internet addiction are very limited. The aim of the present study was to compare metacognitions and ruminative response style in Internet addicts with a healthy control group. Method: The study included 30 males who presented to our Internet Addiction Outpatient clinic, and diagnosed with Internet addiction, and a control group of 30 healthy males with similar sociodemographic characteristics. A sociodemographic data form, Internet Addiction Test (IAT), Metacognitions Questionnaire (MCQ-30), Ruminative Response Scale-short version (RRS-SV), and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) were used for data collection. Results: The MCQ-30 total, MCQ-30 uncontrollability and danger score, MCQ-30 need to control thoughts score and RRS-SV scores statistically significantly higher in study group compared the control group. After correcting for BDI by ANCOVA, the difference between MCQ-30 total score and RRS-SV disappeared. Conclusion: Internet addicts show ruminative responses instead of having an effective problem-solving attitude and defining problems; and this self-focused rumination leads an individual to recall more reinforced memories about the Internet so that the problem of Internet addiction becomes deeper. As a result of this study, although Internet addiction is accompanied by depression primarily or secondarily, manifestation of Internet addiction is exacerbated by depression through ruminative responses and metacognitions

Introduction: Coronary artery ectasia is characterized as the dilation of a segment of coronary artery at least 1.5 times the adjacent segment in which inflammation, neurohormonal activity and atherosclerosis are held responsible for the pathogenesis. The association between the coronary artery ectasia and inflammatory markers has been shown, however there is nodata related to Pentraxine 3 (PTX-3).In this study, we investigated the association between serum PTX-3 and high sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels in patients with coronary artery ectasia.Patients and Methods: The study population consisted of 66 patients who underwent coronary angiography with the suspicion of coronary artery disease and 32 controls. Patients were divided in two groups as the coronary artery ectasia group (n= 34) and coronary artery disease group (n= 32). PTX-3 and hs-CRP levels were measured. Results: Serum PTX-3 levels were comparable between coronary artery disease and coronary artery ectasia groups (0.67 ± 0.29 vs. 0.66 ± 0.34, p= 0.63), coronary artery disease and coronary artery ectasia groups had significantly increased PTX-3 levels when compared to the control group (0.67 ± 0.29 vs. 0.32 ± 0.24, p< 0.001; 0.66 ± 0.34 vs. 0.32 ± 0.24, p< 0.001; respectively). Similarly, hs-CRP levels were comparable in coronary artery disease and coronary artery ectasia groups (1.4 ± 0.7 vs. 1.2 ± 0.5, p= 0.19), coronary artrey disease and coronary artery ectasia groups had significantly increased hs-CRP levels when compared to the control group (1.4 ± 0.7 vs. 0.8 ± 0.5, p< 0.001; 1.2 ± 0.5 vs. 0.8 ± 0.5, p< 0.001 respectively). The correlation analysis revealed that serum PTX-3 was associated with hs-CRP (Rho= 0.24, p= 0.016).Conclusion: PTX-3, a novel inflammatory marker, is elevated in patients with coronary artery ectasia and may be promising biomarker in reflecting the inflammatory status in patients with coronary artery ectasia.

Following the conversion of Turks to Islam Karahanlılar (840-1212) initiated a new period by combining traditional Turkish culture and Islamic culture. During this time literary has been valued and improved amongst groups and places close to ruling authority. Especially capital of East Karahanlılar, Kaşgar, became a cultural center and first works of Islamic-Turk literary was written here. Grouping of poets around sultan’s palace, which is to be seen in Ottoman Empire later on, is observed in this period. Primary reason behind this phenomenon is support shown by sultan and ruling class to poets. İslamiyet’in kabulünden sonra Eski Türk kültürünü ve İslami kültürü sentezleyerek Türk tarihinde yeni bir dönem başlatan Karahanlılar (840-1212) zamanında edebî geleneğin mevcut otorite çevresinde değer gördüğü ve geliştiği görülür. Özellikle Doğu Karahanlıların başkenti Kaşgar kültür merkezi durumuna gelir ve İslami-Türk edebiyatının ilk eserleri burada yazılır. Osmanlı Devleti’nde görülecek olan saray çevresinde şairlerin toplanmasına bu dönemde rastlanılır. Bu durumun ortaya çıkmasında en büyük etken sultanın ve devlet adamlarının sanatçıyı desteklemesi, himaye etmesidir.

Generally, the books concerning history of philosophy accept the proposition “the first principle of all things is water” that Thales said in 6th century BC as the birth of philosophical thought. What are the reasons and grounds of such an acceptance? Is to philosophise based on this acceptance a mental activity that extends from Ancient Greek to our times. Otherwise is there any possibility of philosophising differently in different cultures? All these questions are answered plainly or obscurely in the books concerning history of philosophy in Turkish. Therefore it seems possible to make relation to between our conception of philosophy and solution given for the problem of origin of philosophy by help of these answers.

The curses used not for only bad wishes, but also for many other functions in spoken language. These are curse (exact curse and curse which looks like pray in apperance) to swear, to beoman and cussword.Primarily a classification was made according to the “target person” to whom bad wishes of the curses are directed in order to determine these functions. Target person in the sentence of a curse could be “you (anyone else but the speaker)”, “I (the speaker himself)” or “nobody”. There is no other option apart from them. The sentences of curse which is directed to “you (anyone else but the speaker)” are exact curses and only this group of curses is used for curse function. The sentences of curse which is directed to “I (the speaker himself)” are used for two purposes. These purposes are to swear and to beoman. The sentences of curse which is directed to “nobody” are used for cussword function.It is questioned whether there is a relationship between sentence structures of curses and the their functions above mentioned, in this article.<br> <br> Konuşma dilinde beddualar yalnızca “bed-dua” değil, farklı işlevlerle de kullanılmaktadırlar. Bunlar, beddua işlevi (tam beddua ve duamsı beddua), yemin etme, hayıflanma ve küfürdür.Bu işlevlerin tespit edebilmesi için öncelikle beddualardaki kötü dileğin yöneldiği “hedef kişi”ye göre bir sınıflandırma yapılmıştır. Bir beddua cümlesindeki hedef kişi “sen (konuşan dışındaki kişi)”, “ben (konuşanın kendisi)” veya “hiçkimse” olabilir. Bunların dışında başka bir seçenek yoktur. Hedef kişisi “sen” olan beddua cümleleri, tam anlamıyla gerçek beddualardır ve yalnızca bu gruptakiler “beddua” işlevinde kullanılır. Hedef kişisi “ben” yani konuşanın bizzat kendisi olan beddualar iki amaç için kullanılır. Bunlar “yemin etme” ve “hayıflanma”dır. Hedef kişisi “hiçkimse” olan beddua cümleleri ise “küfür” işlevinde kullanılır.Bu yazıda, bedduaların yukarıda belirtilen işlevleri ve cümle yapıları arasında bir ilişki olup olmadığı sorgulanmıştır.

AIDS is an health problem without a curable treatment, so the preventive measures against it are very important. The aim of this study was to determine the freshmen&#146;s knowledge about AIDS and attitudes towards patient with AIDS. This descriptive study carried out on 172 (93.0%) freshmen at the School of Health Services of Ondokuz Mayis University between May 10 to16, 2005 by applying a self-administered questionnaire. Of the participants, 103 (59.9%) stated that they had enough knowledge about AIDS. All of the students believed that AIDS could be transmitted by sexual intercourse but of them, 24 (14.0%) known that AIDS could transmit from mother to the newborn by breastfeeding, 169 (%98.3) reported those with a sexually transmitted disease were risk groups for AIDS and 52 (30.2%) stated that those residing in public residencies were not at risk of AIDS. Under the circumstances of working in the same place, 95 (55.2%) of the students stated that they would support the person with AIDS. When the situation in which whether the students would like to send their children to the same school as the children having AIDS or not was questioned, 71 (41.3%) of them stated that they would send. According to the data obtained in this study, it was concluded that the students who would be future health care workers did not have sufficient knowledge about the transmission and the risk group of AIDS, as well as the preventive measures against it. [TAF Prev Med Bull 2006; 5(5.000): 343-351]

The purpose of the study is to determine the effectiveness and the representation levels of daily life of contexts appeared in 9th grade physics textbook. The study is carried out in the form of a case study. Semi-constructed interviews are used to collect data. The sample group consists of 12 physics teachers in MNE (Ministry of National Education) who teach in 9th grades. It is found that almost half of the teachers do not have enough information about context-based approach. One-third of the teachers does not use textbooks, but the majority of the teachers shows sufficient information about the contexts in the textbook and also they think that contexts represent daily life events. Because it is observed that teachers are insufficient at creating contexts, in-service education courses based on practical work are suggested.

In this article, neurologic complications the different causes of encephalopaties, and new onset of seizures and stroke and complications of therapeutic interventions commonly used in the ICU is discused. [Archives Medical Review Journal 2003; 12(4.000): 310-327]

Artist, belonging to whichever era or period, feels, perceives and is willing to publish humane values via work of art. By this point of view an artist tries to let his readers feel the realities of the society he lives in and the realities of the work of art in his aesthetic perspective combining it with narrative aspects of tragedy or conflict. As the primary addressee of the work of art, the reader acquires a lot in accordance with the strength of the ties between the text and his journey facing his self realiance moving away from this relative authenticity.Hüseyin Rahmi Gürpınar is one of our writers publishing works of art in view of this interaction summarized as artist, work of art and the reader. In his book called ‘Mürebbiye’, he points out to what happened to the children of the Ottoman families trying to get westernized as they handled their children to the hands of so-called French mentors without knowing where and how this form of education comes from. In this article, this successfully narrated novel will be analyzed through chain of events. <br> <br> Hangi dönemin ya da devrin insanı olursa olsun "sanatkâr", hisseden, fark eden ve insanî olana ilişkin değerleri "sanat eseri" vasıtasıyla duyurmak isteyen kişidir. Bu yönüyle sanatkâr, içerisinde yaşamış olduğu toplumun gerçekliğiyle meydana getirdiği eserinin estetize edilmiş gerçekliğini, trajedi ya da çatışma da diyebileceğimiz anlatı unsurlarıyla birleştirerek "okur"una hissettirmeye çalışır. Sanat eserinin birincil muhatabı olarak okur ise edebi metinle kurabildiği bağ ölçüsünde bu itibari gerçeklikten hareket ederek kendi gerçekliğiyle yüzleşme yolunda önemli kazanımlar elde eder. Hüseyin Rahmi Gürpınar da yukarıda kısaca işaret edilen "sanatkâr", "sanat eseri" ve "okur" etkileşimi dolayımında eser kaleme alan yazarlarımızdandır. Yaşadığı dönem içerisinde tanık olduğu "Batılılaşmak!" isteyen Osmanlı ailelerinin, çocuklarının eğitimini ne olduğu ve nerden geldiği hakkında bilgi edinmeden Fransız sözde eğitmenlerin eline terk etmelerinin sonuçlarını "Mürebbiye" adlı romanında gözler önüne sermiştir. Makalede, tahkiye unsurlarının da başarılı bir biçimde kullanıldığı roman, vaka zinciri çözümlenerek tahlil edilmeye çalışılacaktır.

Aim: Epidural steroid injections are one of the treatment modalities for degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis (DLSS) patients although the efficacy of injection therapies has not yet been made clear. This study aims to analyses the effects of single-shot interlaminar lumbar epidural steroid injections (ILESI) under fluoroscopic guidance in DLSS patients. Material and Method: 115 patients who were treated in Pain Clinic of Ordu Training and Research Hospital between November 1, 2009 and October 31, 2010 were retrospectively evaluated. These 115 patients underwent ILESI under the guidance of fluoroscopy for degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis.Afterwards, ILESI, patients were followed up regularly in the 1st, 3rd, 6th, 9th and 12th month. Satisfaction scores were evaluated using the North American Spine Society Scale. Results: A total of 72 patients were included in this study. In the 1st, 3rd, 6th, 9th and 12th month, the number of patients who were followed were 72 (100%), 62 (85%), 57 (78.1%), 46 (63%), and 30 (41.1%), respectively. Pre-injection VNRS scores were average 7.9 &plusmn; 1.6. Post-injection, VNRS scores in months 1,3,6,9 and 12, dropped significantly (p&lt;0.001). Forty-seven patients (65.3%) reported their satisfaction with the recovery period. Discussion: In spite of the studies which show that the therapeutic effect of epidural steroid applications (without fluoroscopy) is smaller or less than expected, our study concluded that ILESI under fluoroscopy significantly decreased the pain scores of central DLSS patients during a 12-month follow-up period.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the possible effects of personal variables and perceived selfefficacy in eliciting social support on the three successive burnout dimensions; emotional exhaustion (EE), depersonalization (DP) and reduced personal accomplishment (RPA) in Turkish EFL teachers. 63 Turkish EFL teachers working at a Preparatory School of an English-medium Turkish university in Istanbul participated in the study. Data came from an adapted version of Maslach Burnout Inventory-Education Survey developed by Friedman (1999a) to measure teacher burnout, and two subscales, the Perceived SelfEfficacy in Eliciting Social Support from Colleagues (PSESSC) and the Perceived Self-Efficacy in Eliciting Social Support from Principals (PSESSP) developed by Friedman and Kass (2002) to assess teachers’ perceived self-efficacy beliefs in eliciting support from their principals and colleagues. The findings of the study revealed that, there was a significant correlation among burnout, personal variables and perceived selfefficacy beliefs in eliciting social support both from principals and colleagues. The results were discussed in the light of the related literature and some suggestions were offered

[Turkish abstract]Bilgi miktarının hızla arttığı İnternet’te, farklı dillerde yaratılmış belgelerdeki bilgilere erişmek için arama motorları kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı açık erişim bilgi kaynaklarına erişim sağlayan Google Scholar ve Scirus arama motorlarının özel Türkçe karakterleri (ç, ğ, ı, ö, ş, ü) doğru görüntüleyip görüntülemediklerini saptamak ve bu arama motorlarını erişilen belge sayısı yönünden değerlendirmektir. Her iki arama motorunda da özel karakterler alfabeye uygun olarak görüntülenmiş, fakat Türkçe karakterler farklı yorumlanmıştır. Bu farklılıklar bilgi erişim açısından büyük sorunları da beraberinde getirmektedir. Türkçe açık erişim kaynaklarının üst verileri (metadata) Türkçe özel karakterlere uygun bir şekilde oluşturul-malı ve arama motorları Türkçe karakterleri destekleyecek biçimde geliştirilmelidir. [English abstract]Due to the rapid growth of information on the Internet, search engines are used to getting information included in documents created in different languages. This paper aims to find out if the two search engines providing access to Open Access information sources, Google Scholar and Scirus, display the search results appropriately for special Turkish characters (ç, ğ, ı, ö, ş, ü) and to evaluate them on the basis of the total number of retrieved documents. Both search engines displayed the Turkish special characters correctly, but the search results differed. These differences create information retrieval problems for Turkish queries. Metadata of the Open Access Turkish information sources should be created using special Turkish characters and search engines should be developed to support them.

The aim of this study is to determine the effect of history teaching with game method on students’ achievement and retention level in comparison with traditional method. This study is limited with units of “The science of History” , “The Rise of Civilization and The First Civilizations” and “The First Turkish States” in 9th grade history curriculum. The research group of this study consists of 57 students who are attending 9th grade (9-C and 9D) of Havza Anatolian High School in Samsun. In this research, quasi-experimental method was used by applying pre-test, post-test and retention test. During the teaching process, determined units are taught to the experimental group with educational games and to the control group with traditional method. According to the obtained findings, there is a significant difference between the points of achievement and retention level of the experimental group and the control group. As a result, it is evaluated that history teaching with game method is more effective than traditional method not only increasing the achievement level but also retention level of the students

AIM: This study was conducted as (desciriptive) for the purpose to scanning psychiatric sypmtom and complaint conditions of nursing and health officer students studying in Medical School. METHOD: The universe of this descriptive research included of 230 students at Denizli School of Health. All of the students were wanted to take part in our study, but 198 students accepted to take part in the questionnarie. The data collection tools used included a questionnaire to determine the students' descriptive characteristics and the " SCL-90&#150;R (Mental Symptom Scaning List) to determine the to evaluate mental symptoms and complaints of the students. In analysis of the data, percentage, average, student t test and one way anova tests were performed by means of SPSS 11.0 computer statistics program. RESULTS: Students&#146; average of age is 20.75&#177;2.18 and mental symptom level point average is 1.05 &#177;0.61. There were no significant difference statistically between ages, genders, class conditions and mental symptom level point average of the students (p>0.05). While mental symptom level point average of the students who have good relations with their parents is 0.97&#177;0.56, that of those who have bad relations with their parents is 1.65&#177;0.67. CONCLUSION: Psychiatric symptom level point average of the students is 1.05 &#177;0.61. Statistically differences were found between students with communication features within the family and psychiatric symptoms level point average. [TAF Prev Med Bull 2009; 8(2.000): 161-166]

Beslenme açısından değerli bir gıda olan balık, tüketilinceye kadar uygun koşullarda tutulmadığı takdirde hızlı bir şekilde bozulabilmekte ve sağlık için tehlikeli hale gelebilmektedir. Balıkların raf ömürleri atmosferik oksijen, depolama sıcaklığı ve aerobik mikroorganizmaların gelişimi gibi nedenler dolayısıyla kısıtlanmaktadır. Bu faktörlerin her biri tek başına veya beraber renk, tat ve kokuda değişiklikler meydana getirerek kalitede bozulmalara sebep olmaktadır. Bunun dışında özellikle balıklarda yüksek oranda bulunan histidin aminoasidinin dekarboksilasyonu sonucu oluşan ve biyojenik bir amin olan histamin, potansiyel bir tehlike oluşturmakta ve zehirlenmelere yol açmaktadır. Bu derlemede günümüzde gıdaları muhafaza etmek amacıyla yaygın olarak kullanılan vakum ve modifiye atmosferde paketlemenin (MAP), balıklarda oluşabilen histamin düzeyine ve bununla beraber balıkların raf ömrü üzerine etkisinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır.

Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis (SBP) is still an important complication of liver cirrhosis with ascites. Although new developments occurred it has a high mortality rate. In order to identify the related factors of mortality in cirrhotics with SBP, we studied 48 patients who fulfilled the accepted diagnostic criteria. All cases were treated with cefotaxime. The resolution rate was 87% in the study group. Eleven patients (22%) died in hospital. The major causes of death were hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) in 4 (36%) and variceal bleeding in 3 (27%). Fifty parameters were studied to find the correlation. Sixteen parameters (urea, bilirubin, MELD score, CTP score, prothrombin time, INR, AST, ALT, PMNL in ascites, systolic and diastolic arterial tension, sepsis, variceal bleeding, changes in mental status, HRS, culture positivity in ascites) were significantly correlated with mortality. Except for bilirubin, INR, AST and PMNL in ascites, the remaining parameters were also found to be predictive in logistic regression analysis. In multivariant analysis, we found that MELD score, INR, ALT, presence of mental change on admission and low mean arterial tension was significantly reduced the resolution of infection. We conclude that mortality in SBP patients mostly depends on the existence of recent variceal bleeding and the degree of liver and renal failure. Strict measures should be taken in cases with variceal bleeding and hepatorenal syndrome.

In recent years, the world's energy requirement has shown a significant increase. Accordingly, there is a growing interest in scientific researching of clean and sustainable energy resources. The existing of energy resource alone is not enough but also the energy resource parameters such as capacity, adaptation to the environment, economical factors and continuity have to be considered. The concepts of “sustainability” and “renewable” are gaining importance considering these parameters. In this study, firstly the sustainability tools availability in literature is expressed in general. We tried to explain the sustainability tools based on indicators and index by giving example studies in literature and applied sample analysis in conditions of Turkey and then sustainability of some renewable energy resources is mentioned in global manner by using indicators and index and finally, suggestions about sustainability of energy resources were made

...

Primary adrenal lymphoma and lymphomas involving the adrenal glands are rare. Involvement of the adrenal gland with Hodgkin lymphoma is rarely reported in the literature. Here we report a 69-year-old male who was operated due to a mass lesion in his left adrenal region with a clinical diagnosis of surrenal carcinoma. Histopathological examination revealed a Hodgkin lymphoma of nodular sclerosing type.

Aim: Studies have depicted that nitric oxide and vascular endothelial growth factor systems have important biological effects in the development of vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. Material and Method: In this study; specific pathogen free white Leghorin type fertilised eggs were used. Result: Three main subgroups were designed regarding time points of 48; 72 and 80 hours of incubation. In 48 hours old embryos anjioblasts were seen; but no mature endothelial structure was present. In 72 hours old embryos endothelial maturation began. In the 80 hours there was a high level of endothelial maturation. In all 48 hours groups; tissue nitrite-nitrate concentrations were high but in the 72 hours group these values were higher than in the first group. In the 80 hours group; concentrations were lower and were statistically significant when compared to the 48 and 72 hours groups. Discussion: NO seems to be effective in early phases of vasculogenesis and angiogenesis; but its effect decreases with time.

Today having knowledge and consciousness of parents about Early Childhood Education (E.C.E.) leads to high rates of E.C.E. in the most developed countries. The reason of the low rates in E.C.E. in Turkey show that parents have insufficient knowledge and consciousness about this issue. In terms of this basic reason, in this study, the university students’, who are young and dynamic parents of the future, opinions about E.C.E. were investigated. Total 310 students from the Faculties of Education, Science and Literature, Engineering, Dentistry, Agriculture and Theology, were participated. After reliability and validity studies of the questionnaire, it was given to students who were chosen randomly.According to findings, while the students’ views did not change in the direction of gender and parents’ job, there were differences in respect of parents’ education, which is the more educational rate the more differences.

Whole Language Teaching, Whole-Hearted Practice: Looking Back, Looking Forward (Taylor, Ed., 2005) is an edited collection of narratives authored by teachers, teacher educators, and researchers as they recount the impact of whole language on their teaching and learning. The essence of the book is captured in the subtitle, Looking Back, Looking Forward. There are chapters devoted to the history of the whole language movement, as well as chapters highlighting the current and future practices of whole language. Important to recognize is that this book is not just a chronology or timeline of the whole language movement. Each chapter also addresses the multilayered dimensions of social justice activism involved in whole language teaching.

- Ulkemizde enerji dar boğazının aşılması, üretim ve kullanım aşamasında verin1liliğin artırılması, kal iteli enerjiye duyulan ihtiyaç, kayıpların asgari düzeyde tutulmak istenmesi gibi nedenler kojenerasyon yani bileşik ısı güç üretim sistemleriııi(CHP) gündeme getirmiştir. Bu çalışm ada kojenerasyon sistenıleri tanıttimaya çalışılmış, sistenıin uygulanması ile ilgili kriteriere değinihniş ve askeri bir tesiste kojenerasyonun uygulanabi1irliği incelennıiştir.

Aim: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common childhood neurodevelopmental disorders. Factors related with parents affect family functioning and make changes in ADHD symptoms. We aimed to evaluate maternal anxiety and family functioning in children with ADHD comparing with controls and their mothers. Method: The study group consisted of 62 children (6-12 years old) diagnosed with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. The control group (62 children) comprised patients of other clinics at hospital and was matched for gender and age to the ADHD patients. The Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School Aged Children- Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL) was used to diagnose ADHD and allowed comorbidities. All patients were treatment-naive. DuPaul Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder-Rating Scale -IV Inventory for ADHD symptoms, Family Assessment Device (FAD) for family functioning, State Trait Anxiety Inventory for maternal anxiety were used. Results: There was no significant difference between sociodemographic data of two groups. The families of children with ADHD had more family dysfunction in roles, behavioral control, affective involvement subscales. Mothers of children with ADHD had higher scores than controls in State and Trait Anxiety Inventory forms. Conclusion: ADHD generally continues into adolescence and adulthood, and multiple functional impairments can occur due to ADHD. If the relationship between maternal anxiety; family functioning, and ADHD is understood well, treatment of ADHD will be provided more effectively.

Bu çahşnıada; deprenı etkisindeki konutve iş yeri töründeki 8 katlı perdeli çcı·çeveli 4 tipyapımn, perde kalınlığının değişmesiyle perde vekolonlara gelen kesme kuvvetlerinin değişimiincelenmiştir.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of motivational factors of music on performance and learning a chain skill in children. For this purpose, 24 healthy non-athlete 11-year-old girls were selected from two fifth grade class by available sampling method and were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. After the training the participants were given a pre-test. The training program in the acquisition phase was a chain skill including rolling, shooting football and receiving and passing the basketball for 8 weeks (two sessions per week with a pack of 4 attempts) which was performed with the existence of motivational factor of music in the experimental group and then a post-test was taken. Finally, after three weeks of not training, retention and transfer tests were taken. The data were analyzed through co-variance analysis and independent and paired sample t-test. The results showed that both groups have had progress in acquisition of the skill (p<0.01) but there was no significant difference between scores of the two groups (p>0.05). There was also no significant difference between retention and transfer test scores of the two groups. According to the findings of the study, it can be said that the motivational factor of music alone is not effective on motor performance and learning of children.

This paper describes the development of the Music Room and Audio- Visual Collection of Bilkent University Library together with the aim, missions and future plans of the mentioned service.

330 faculty members and 870 students participated in this study carried out for the purpose of investigating educational supports, career development opportunities and job opportunities after the education is completed. A scale consisting of 11 factors was used. The participants were asked to self-report the ‘current state’ and ‘importance level’ of “educational supports, career development opportunities and job opportunities following the completion of education”. Arithmetic means and standard deviations of the data obtained were calculated, and in order to find the difference between the groups, Independent t-test was used.According to the analysis conducted on the factors aiming to solicit participants’ perception of the current state, meaningful difference at the level of p≤0,001 was found with regards to the factors of “existence of out of class sports activities, existence of cultural activities, existence of activities such as conferences and seminars, facilitations provided by the school for students to find a job, easiness of finding a job for graduate students in public institutions, and easiness of finding a job for graduate students in private sector”, and meaningful difference at the level of p≤0,05 was found with regards to factors of “adequacy of the school library, introduction of the students into business world”. According to the analyses carried out with regards to importance level, meaningful difference at the level of p≤0,001 was found for the factors of “existence of the scientific activities such as conferences and seminars, facilitators provided by to school for students to find a job, easiness of finding a job for graduate students in public institutions, and easiness of finding a job for graduate students in private sector” and meaningful difference at the level of p≤0,01 was found fort he factor of “introduction of students into business world”.As a result of the findings, provision of educational supports and career development opportunities was found to be one of the required services to be offered at schools of physical education and sports for students and faculty members to improve their qualifications, and the issue of being employed after graduation was found to be challenging problem to be dealt with.

Bu araştırmanın amacı, Türkçe öğretmeni adaylarının bilgi okuryazarlığı düzeylerini tespit etmektir. Bu bağlamda Ondokuz Mayıs, Konya, Gazi, Mersin ve Dicle Üniversitelerinde öğrenimlerine devam eden toplam 666 birinci ve dördüncü sınıf öğrencisine “Bilgi okuryazarlığı ölçeği” uygulanmıştır. Çalışmada, bilgi okuryazarlığı kavramı, bilgi okuryazarlığı becerileri ve bilgi okuryazarı olmanın önemi tartışılmış; öğretmen adaylarının bilgi okuryazarlığı düzeyini belirlemek amacıyla uygulanan ölçeğin sonuçları, çeşitli değişkenler açısından irdelenmiş ve ulaşılan veriler tablolar hâlinde sunularak yorumlanmıştır.

OBJECTIVE: It is known that diabetes may cause to hypercoagulability. The pathogenetic mechanism of coagulation activation is not completely clear and the origin is multifactorial. While chronic hyperglycemia is considered to be the main underlying pathology, there are various comments on the association between glycemic control and haemostatic disorders. In this study, we have aimed to compare patients with diabetic nephropathy and patients with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome with respect to haemostatic differences.MATERIAL and METHODS: We compared 10 newly diagnosed idiopathic nephrotic syndrome patients with 10 normoalbuminuric, 10 microalbuminuric and 10 macroalbuminuric Type II diabetic patients in terms of haemostatic disorders. We included 12 healthy controls in the study. In all groups, protein C activity, free protein S, Antithrombin III, Factor VII, VIII, IX, XI, plasminogen, fibrinogen and platelet count were evaluated.RESULTS: Antithrombin III levels of patients with nephrotic syndrome were significantly lower than the control group and macroalbuminuric diabetics but fibrinogen levels were significantly higher than controls. Fibrinogen levels of microlalbuminuric diabetics were significantly higher than controls. Other haemostatic parameters were all in normal range in all patient groups.CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that the mechanism of hypercoagulation works in a different pathway than the hypercoagulation in nephrotic patients.

<p style="font: 13.33px/20px Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif; text-align: left; color: #515151; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; widows: 1; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; background-color: #eceaeb; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;">Cam shafts used in automobiles are produced by cast iron (grey cast iron, nodular cast iron) or steel. In this study, effect of chill formation on the surface of grey and nodular cast irons is investigated on the wear behavior, hardness, impact toughness and microstructure of grey and nodular cast irons. For this purpose, four types cam shaft made of grey cast iron with and without chill on the surfaces and nodular cast iron with and without chill on the surfaces, were casted. Mechanical tests were conducted after the camshafts have been produced by casting method. Surface hardness and wear resistance of grey and nodular cast irons have been improved by chill formation on the surfaces and it is concluded that the amount of wear on the surfaces of grey cast iron with chill and nodular cast iron with chill is almost the same. Maximum hardness value was obtained on the surface of grey cast iron with chill. The impact toughness has been found to decrease by chill formation. Maximum impact toughness value was obtained on nodular cast iron. Microstructures of grey cast iron with and without chill and nodular cast iron with and without chill were examined under optical microscope and worn surfaces of cast irons were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Wear mechanisms of the four types of cast iron were evaluated by SEM examination.</p><strong style="text-align: left; color: #515151; text-transform: none; line-height: 20px; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 13.33px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; widows: 1; background-color: #eceaeb; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;">Keywords:</strong><span style="font: 13.33px/20px Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif; text-align: left; color: #515151; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; float: none; display: inline !important; white-space: normal; widows: 1; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; background-color: #eceaeb; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;"> Cam shafts, Cast irons, Chill formation, Mechanical properties, Microstructure</span>

Docetaxel is a commonly used chemotherapeutic agent and can cause skin side effects including hand-foot syndrome. Hand-foot syndrome is mostly limited to palmoplantar regions, but may sometimes require discontinuation of the drug because of the severity of the lesions. In this report, we present three patients admitted to our dermatovenereology department for the lesions at the dorsal side of the hand, an unusual location for this side effect, while receiving docetaxel treatment in the oncology clinic. Erythematous, scaly patches on the dorsum of the hands were the common feature in the three patients. There were accompanying plantar involvement in one of the patients, and nail findings (onycholysis, melanonychia striata) in the other two patients. Premedication with corticosteroid before chemotherapy in these patients could not prevent the dermatologic side effects. The lesions healed after discontinuation of docetaxel and use of symptomatic topical drugs. The cutaneous side effects of docetaxel may reduce the quality of life and even lead to discontinuation of the drug as seen in our cases. The occurrence of lesions on both hand dorsums in our patients suggests that hand-foot syndrome induced by docetaxel is not always limited to palmoplantar regions.

OBJECTIVE: We aimed to study acute effects of diltiazem on renal functions and its renoprotective effects in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). MATERIAL and METHODS: Among patients with CKD followed-up in our unit, fifty patients using diltiazem as a part of their treatment(the treatment group) and fifty patients not using diltiazem (the control group) were selected. Besides demographic parameters; blood pressures, creatinine, proteinuria and creatinine clearance levels at the baseline, first week, and third and sixth months were recorded. RESULTS: The groups were matched for the mean creatinine clearance at baseline. The course of mean creatinine clearance were similar in both groups (p=0.29). There was no significant change in serum creatinine or creatinine clearance after initiation of diltiazem in the treatment group. Baseline proteinuria was higher in treatment group (p=0.012). Proteinuria at the sixth month was significantly higher in the control group compared with basal and first week levels (p<0.001 and p=0.007, respectively). But there was no change in the treatment group regarding proteinuria. Serum albumin levels were not statistically significantly different in the groups (p=0.69). CONCLUSION: Diltiazem has no acute effect on serum creatinine and creatinine clearance in patients with CKD. It may prevent the probable increase in proteinuria.

AIM: The cervical and breast cancer screening programme to report the results between 2008 and 2010 at KETEM in Etlik Zubeyde Hanim Women&#8217;s Health Teaching and Research Hospital. METHOD: Populations of healthy women between 2008 and 2010 with a total of 5253 case were evaluated with community-based and opportunistic screening. The cervical cancer screened with the conventional cervical pap smear technique and breast cancer screened with two dimensional bilateral mammography and breast examination. RESULTS: Cervical cancer screening as a result of 65 (1.5%) patients had abnormal cytology and abnormal histopathological findings were found in a total of 24 of them. A gynecological examination and biopsy in one case with cervical cancer were detected. In the 4284 women screened for cervical cancer, ASC-US determined in 48 women (1.1%), AGC in four women (0.09%), LGSIL in five women (0.1%), HGSIL in two women (0.045%) and ASC-H in six women (0.14%). Although 234 and 664 women screened for breast cancer in year of 2008 and 2009 respectively, breast cancer didn&#8217;t find out. However, 10 women (0.9%) with breast cancer determined in 1164 screened women in year of 2010. CONCLUSION: Reduced the incidence of cervical and breast cancer and diagnosed at an early stage of tumor is obtained with screening programs in healthy society. [TAF Prev Med Bull 2012; 11(2.000): 145-152]

The aim of this study, simulated of the single server queuing system(CNC) at the door-joinery facilities. We simulated the system both by hand and computer programming with SIMAN languages. From the obtained results, we aimed to provide some suggestions to the manager. Because, the ending of the study, simulation showed the real system in some hypothesis. As a result of simulated system will have long queues in future time.

Abstract Objectives: The assessment of the one-month post-graduate training course taken by the 136th Term Trainee Officers of Gulhane Military Medical Academy (GATA) in the Military Health Service Department in respect of classroom ergonomics, active learning techniques, curriculum content, adult education and post-graduation training. Research Method: The scope of the research covered 67 medical doctors who underwent training between 9 January and 3 February 2012 in GATA Military Health Service Department Tactics and Leadership Laboratory. 66 trainees of this group completed the survey prepared for the current research. The survey consist of four parts and comprised of 86 questions.In the first part of the survey qestions which 3 related to demographic data, 24 to education and teaching methods, 56 to the contents of the curriculum and 3 to views and suggestions. In the study used of any scale. The data were interpreted by the researchers. Findings: The distribution of the participants amongst the Forces was 66.6% (n:48) from the Armed Forces, 16.6% (n:11) from the Air Force, 9.9% (n:6) from the Navy and 1.5% (n:1) from the Gendarmerie. Gender distribution was 93.9% (n:62) male and 6.1% (n:4) female. Average age was 25.2+1.0. On an average basis participants assessed the physical environment of the training at 32.0 (21-40), the post-graduate training provided at 31.0 (12-40) and teaching methodology at 32.0% (17-40). 80.3% (n:53) of the participants found the curriculum content appropriate. The course they most wanted to see on the curriculum was Managing the Medical Situation During Natural Disasters at 92.4% (n:61), and the least desired course was Factory-level Maintenance at 48.5% (n:32).Forces of the participants are bound by the statistical significance of the existing classes have been researched perspective.The most important benefit provided by the training of participants responding to question, %38,0 then stated that education prepares them to the field. Conclusion: The timing of this training was criticized as it came just before the Medical Specialist Training Admission Examination. However it was also stressed by the participants that this training was necessary. The Military Health Service Department Tactics and Leadership Laboratory was found to provide a satisfactory training environment, and the delivery of the subjects studied through interactive methods was received positively. [TAF Prev Med Bull 2012; 11(5.000): 513-520]

Pennsylvania Eyalet Üniversitesi, ABD Pennsylvania State University, USA Kore Üniversitesi, Güney Kore Korea University,Korea Silesian Teknoloji Üniversitesi, Polonya Silesian University of Technology, Poland Paris-Est Üniversitesi, Fransa Paris-Est University, France Wichita Eyalet Üniversitesi, ABD Wichita State University, USA West Florida Üniversitesi, ABD University of West Florida, USA Georgia Teknoloji Enstitüsü, ABD Georgia Institute of Technology, USA Central Florida Üniversitesi, ABD University of Central Florida, USA Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi, Türkiye Dokuz Eylul University, Turkey Ryukyu Üniversitesi, Japonya University of the Ryukyus, Japan Lehigh Üniversitesi, ABD Lehigh University, USA Northeastern Üniversitesi, ABD Northeastern University, USA Kuzey Dakota Eyalet Üniversitesi, ABD North Dakota State University, USA Virginia Commonwealth Üniversitesi, ABD Virginia Commonwealth University, USA Middlesex Üniversitesi, İngiltere Middlesex University, UK Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi, Türkiye Adnan Menderes University, Turkey İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, Türkiye Istanbul Technical University, Turkey Gachon Üniversitesi, Güney Kore Gachon University, Korea

Language is the reflection of person‟s thought and all cultural elements that public stated financially and emotionally. In other words there are two aspects of the language, both individually and socially. Creation is one of these and it is called different at every language. In this context yarat- “to create” is a verb which we can follow up from the oldest written materials of Turkish. It is used to express the creation concept from past to today in all braches of Turkish. There are so much different opinion at the etymological dictionaries of Turkish about the structure of this verb. Clauson becomes this verb from yara- “to be useful”, Gülensoy explains its etymology as yār-a-t- and Eyuboğlu tries to explain this verb from yar “gap” etc. Erdal shows the structure of the verb as yara-t- and says that this verb couldn‟t come from the yara- “to be useful, suitable”; because yarat- “to create” is semantically not too close to yara- “to be useful, suitable”. Bu after this opinion he didn‟t make an annotation about the etymology of yarat-. In this article we will put new opinions about the etymology of yarat-. Firstly we touch upon the reading and analysing essays of the word. Then we start out to explain our opinion from the historical and modern texts of Turkic dialects and try to explain it from Turkish *ya- “to ignate”. <br> Dil, bireysel anlamda kişinin düşüncesinin, sosyal anlamda ise toplumun ortaya koyduğu maddi ve manevi bütün kültür ögelerinin yansımasıdır. Yani dilin hem bireysel hem de toplumsal iki cephesi vardır. Bireyde veya toplumda gerçekleşen veya karşılık bulan her somut yahut soyut değerin dilde de bir karşılığı bulunur. Yaradılış mefhumu da bunlardan biridir ve her dilde o dilin konuşurları tarafından farklı farklı şekillerde adlandırılır. Bu farklı adlandırmalarda da evrenin ve evrenin merkezinde olan insanın yaradılışına toplumun bakışı yatar. Bu bağlamda yarat- “yaratmak, halk etmek” fiili Türkçenin en eski yazılı metinlerinden itibaren takip edebildiğimiz ve geçmişten bugüne Türkçenin bütün kollarında yaradılış mefhumunu ifade etmede kullanılan kelimelerin başında gelmektedir. Türkçenin etimoloji sözlüklerinde kelimenin yapısı ile ilgili olarak birbirinden farklı görüşler ortaya konulmuştur. Clauson yara- “yapmak veya bulmak, uygun olmak”tan, Gülensoy yār- “yarmak, bölmek”ten, Eyuboğlu yar “uçurum” kelimesinden hareketle bu fiili açıklamaya çalışmışlardır. Erdal ise fiilin yara-t- olarak gösterdiği morfolojisinin temelinde yatan yara-ʼın “yararlı veya uygun olmak” anlamındaki fiil olamayacağını, zira bir şeyin yaratılmasının yararlı veya uygun olmakla semantik ilişkisinin bulunmadığını ifade etmiştir. Ancak yeni bir izah da yapmamıştır. Bu makalede öncelikle yarat- fiilinin Türkçenin tarihî ve çağdaş lehçelerindeki durumu ortaya konulacaktır. Fiilin kökeni hakkında yapılan etimoloji denemeleri üzerinde durulduktan sonra yarat-„ın etimolojisi üzerine yeni görüşler ortaya konulacak ve fiilin *ya- “parlamak, ışık saçmak”tan geldiği ispatlanmaya çalışılacaktır. Bu yapılırken Türk mitolojisinden, destanlarından ve diğer kültürel ögelerden de yararlanılacaktır.

<p>Cultural diversity is adopted as an understanding of the synergy including acceptance and representation of the presence from different cultures, the local communities, minorities, ethnic identities, religious or social commitment in the communities, the different age groups, the physical competences, gender, etc. in one large admission and it is represented as an understanding of rapid pace. No matter what type the museums are, museums of today have the same functions. Museums were known to play an important role in creation of identity, development of identity and social networking processes and they develop their own and unique policies in cultural diversity, multiculturalism, tolerance, intercultural dialogue and pleasant relations. Contemporary museums, as they are aware of the cultural diversity is the most significant source to construct the intercultural peace and to sustain and rediscover the common heritage with intellectual and scientific cooperation, endeavor to make the community participation possible in exhibitions and events for their own sustainability. In the UK, by force of contemporary museology, museums include the subject of cultural diversity and equality and they also use these concepts in their practice schemes, training programmes and other museum activities. The approaches, policies and practices of the museums in the United Kingdom in cultural diversity is examined with historical context. This research is designed as a qualitative research including historical research and document review about cultural diversity policies and contents. In the section of the research where the samples of practices are discussed, the document review process which was carried out at Victoria and Albert Museum, Museum of London, British Museum and Tate Modern is analyzed.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Özet</strong></p><p>Kültürel çeşitlilik, farklı kültürlerin varlığının, yerel topluluklar, azınlıklar, etnik kimlikler, dini ya da sosyal bağlılığı bulunan topluluklar, farklı yaş grupları, fiziksel yeterlikler, cinsiyet vb., ve geniş birlikteliğinin kabul ve temsil edilmesine ilişkin bir anlayış olarak benimsenmektedir. Türleri ne olursa olsun, günümüz müzelerinin işlevleri ortaktır. Kimlik oluşturma, kimlik geliştirme ve sosyalleşme süreçlerinde önemli roller oynadığı bilinen müzeler, kültürel çeşitlilik, çok kültürlülük, hoşgörü, kültürlerarası diyalog ve iyi ilişkilerin desteklenmesi kavramlarına ilişkin kendi politikalarını ve planlarını geliştirmektedir. Çağdaş müzeler, kültürel çeşitliliğin insanlığın ortak mirasını yeniden keşfetmek, bu mirası sürdürmek ve kültürlerarası barışı inşa etmek için kültürel, entelektüel ve bilimsel işbirliği ile birlikte yönetilebilecek en önemli kaynak olduğunun bilinciyle toplumun katılımını önceleyen sergiler ve etkinlikler hazırlayarak sürdürülebilirliklerini devam ettirme çabasındadır. İngiltere’deki müzeler, çağdaş müzeciliğin bir gereği olarak, kültürel çeşitlilik konusunu çeşitlilik ve eşitlik politikaları ve uygulama şemaları oluşturarak ele almakta; eğitim programlarını ve diğer etkinliklerini bu olguya dayandırmaktadır. Bu çalışmada İngiltere’deki müzelerin kültürel çeşitliliğe ilişkin yaklaşımları, geliştirdikleri politikalar ve uygulamalar tarihsel bağlamda ele alınmıştır. Bu çalışma tarihi araştırma modelinde desenlenmiş bir nitel araştırmadır. İngiltere’deki müzelerin çeşitlilik ve eşitlik poltikaları tarihsel süreçleri ve içerikleriyle birlikte incelenmiştir. Politika uygulama örneklerinin tartışıldığı bölümde ise, Londra’daki Victoria ve Albert Müzesi, Londra Müzesi, British Müzesi ve Tate Modern Sanatlar Müzesi’nde gerçekleştirilen kültürel çeşitlilik konulu doküman inceleme sürecinde elde edilen analizine yer verilmiştir.  </p>

PURPOSE: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects on the median nerve distal sensory latencies (dsl), first digit median vs. radial sensory latency difference, fourth digit median vs. ulnar sensory latency difference which are repeated after performing the provocative wrist flexion for about five minutes in the healhty voluntaries. MATERIALS-METHODS: In this study, 20 women, 5 men voluntaries (total 46 hands) were investigated. The median nerve dsl, the first digit median vs. radial sensory latency differences, the fourth digit median vs. ulnar sensory latency differences were recorded. After performing the provocative wrist flexion (bilaterally 90 degree) for about five minutes, above mentioned studies were repeated. RESULTS: The mean age of the voluntaries in the study was 32.8&#177;8.4 years. Before and after provocation, the mean dsl of median nerve was 2.71&#177;0.19 msc, and 2.73&#177;0.17 msc, and the mean amplitude of median nerve was 35.8&#177;21.8, and 40.2&#177;22.2 microvolt, the mean of fourth digit median vs. ulnar sensory latency differences was 0.12&#177;0.18 msc, and 0.15&#177;0.19 msc, the mean of first digit median vs. radial sensory latency differences was 0.13&#177;0.23 msc and 0.24&#177;0.47 msc, respectively. Statistically, there were no significance between before and after the provocation at the mean value of amplitude and dsl, the median vs. radial first digit and the median vs. ulnar fourth digit sensory latency differences measurements (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: The provocative wrist flexion in the healthy voluntaries has no effect on the electrophysiological studies. [Cukurova Med J 2011; 36(1.000): 24-28]

<p>Laodikeia Ancient City, (that) is a focal point at spatial and functional identity of Denizli City, is a significant historical site that was selected into Temporary List of World Culture Heritage by UNESCO at 2013. For the purpose of Laodikeia Ancient City’s culture heritage of researching, to documented, to store, protecting and leaving to the next generations, restoration and conservation studies are executed along the whole year at Laodikeia Ancient City. Increasing productivity of these considerable works that is beneficial to world culture heritage is too important for Denizli and our country. Excavation house that was build for requirement entirely, has a courtyard where technique staff exists different career group can use on break time and can spend social time. The main theme of the article is the landscape design project of the Laodikeia antique site excavation house and its planning-design and application phases.</p><p>In this context, excavation house landscape design project was developed due to the aesthetical and fuctional uses as well as the basic needs of the users (such as working, resting etc.) regarding landscape design criteria supplying harmony between nature and built environment.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Özet</strong></p><p>Denizli Kenti’nin mekansal ve işlevsel kimliği açısından odak noktası olan Laodikeia Antik Kenti, 2013 yılında UNESCO tarafından Dünya Kültür Mirası Geçici Listesi'ne alınmış önemli bir ören yeridir. Bu açıdan bakılırsa, Laodikeia Antik Kenti'nin araştırılması, belgelenmesi, arşivlenmesine yönelik çalışmalar, kültürel miras kaynaklarının gelecek kuşaklara aktarılması açısından son derece önemlidir. Dünya kültür mirasına büyük katkıları olan bu tür çalışmaların verimli kılınması, Denizli ve ülkemiz için büyük önem taşımaktadır. Bu araştırmanın ana teması; Laodikeia Antik Kenti’ndeki tamamen kullanıcı odaklı ihtiyaç programına yönelik olarak yapılan kazı evi, burada çalışan çeşitli meslek gruplarından oluşan teknik personelin dinlenme anlarında kullanabilecekleri, sosyal anlamda vakit geçirebilecekleri bir iç avlu tasarımıdır.</p><p>Bu araştırmanın amacı; Laodikeia kazı evi iç avlusunun peyzaj tasarım süreci irdelenerek, estetik ve işlevsel tasarım ilkeleri açısından kullanıcı–ihtiyaç programı bağlamında değerlendirilmesidir.</p><p>Bu değerlendirmeler, işlevsel ve estetik açıdan kullanıcı kitlesinin çalışma–dinlenme gereksinimlerine cevap verebilcek, yapılı ve doğal çevre arasındaki uyumu gözeten peyzaj tasarım ilkeleri kapsamında proje geliştirilmiştir.</p><p> </p>

Aim: We aimed to determine the relationship between bone mineral density and body mass index in postmenopausal women. Material and Methods: 54 postmenopausal women were included in the study. Age and time of menopause were recorded. Smoking, alcohol and exercise status were also recorded. Weight and height were measured and body mass index was calculated. The patients were separated into four groups according to their body mass index, as underweight, ideal weight, over-weight and obese. Bone mineral density in all the patients was assessed via dual energy X-ray absorptiometry from antero-posterior lumbar and right proximal femoral regions. For L2-4 and the femoral neck, bone mineral density and t scores were determined. Results: The study was performed in 54 postmenopausal women, ranging in age from 51 to 79 years. 22 (%40.8) of the patients were obese, 24 (%44.4) were overweight and 8 (%14.8) had ideal weight. There were no patients in underweight group. There were no difference in age, smoking, time of menopause, bone mineral density and t-scores among the groups. There was statistically significant correlation between body mass index and bone mineral density of the femoral neck (r =0.407, p=0.002), and femoral neck t-scores (r =0.297, p=0.029). There was no significant correlation between the body mass index and lumbar bone mineral density and lumbar t-scores (p >0.05). Conclusion: Body mass index was found to be related to bone mineral density of the femoral neck. Our findings suggest that maintenance of adequate body mass is important for the prevention of postmenopausal bone loss. (From the World of Osteoporosis 2007;13:56-9)

Eğitim alanında nitelikli eleman ve öğretmenler yetiştirilmesi uzun yıllar üniversitelerin eğitim fakülteleri aracılığıyla yapılmaktadır. Zaman zaman artan nitelikli eleman ihtiyacının karşılanması için yetkili birimler farklı uygulamaları gündeme getirmiş ve öğretmen yetiştirmede farklı alternatif programlar uygulanmıştır. Bu uygulamalardan birisi de gerekli koşulları karşılamaları şartıyla üniversitelerin eğitim fakültesi dışındaki fakültelerden mezun olan bireylere de öğretmenlik yapabilme olasılığı sağlayan öğretmenlik formasyonu ya da pedagojik formasyon eğitimidir. Pedagojik formasyon eğitimi kapsamında verilen dersler arasında öğretmenlik uygulaması dersi, öğretmen adaylarının kuramsal derslerden edindiği bilgi ve becerilerini aktarabileceği eğitim ve uygulama arasında bir köprü görevi gören derslerden birisidir. Bu nedenle öğretmen adaylarının bu ders ile ilgili görüşlerinin bilinmesi öğretmen yetiştirme politikalarının ve programlarının yeniden yapılandırılmasında önemli bir yer tutacaktır. Alanyazında pedagojik formasyon eğitimi ile ilgili fazla çalışmanın bulunmaması, öğretmen yetiştirme politikaları kapsamında bu programların mezunlarına da yer verilmeye başlanması, onların da görüşlerinin öğretmen yetiştirme politikalarında olumlu katkı sağlayacağı görüşü doğrultusunda bu nitel çalışma desenlenmiştir. Bu çalışma ile pedagojik formasyon eğitimine devam eden öğretmen adaylarının öğretmenlik uygulaması dersi ile ilgili görüşleri toplanmış, genel olarak öğretmen adaylarının; dersi almazdan önce bu ders ile ilgili kaygıları ve korkuları olsa da dersi aldıktan sonra bu tedirginliklerinin ortadan kalktığı; bu dersin onların mesleki gelişimlerine katkı sağladığı ve bu dersi almaktan oldukça memnun kaldıkları bulgularına ulaşılmıştır.

MERSİN'Lİ CEMAL PAŞA'NIN İKİNCİ ORDU MÜFETTİŞLİGİ

The purpose of this study is to determine primary school teachers’ tendencies towards being administrators. 145 teachers from 12 schools, chosen constituted the study sample. Scale previously devised by Aksu (2004) was used as a tool for data collection. SPSS 13 was used in the analysis of the data. Scale consisted of two dimensions entitled as individual tendency and general tendency. As for the general tendency scale, teachers revealed low and moderate levels of tendency. However, as for the individual tendency, teachers were found to have moderate level of tendency towards being school administrators. Results of the study revealed that both women and men have moderate level of tendency towards being school administrators. T test conducted on gender variable showed that women teachers’ individual tendency values appeared to be higher than that of men’s individual tendency scores. Analysis on experience variable revealed that tendency values of teachers within difference experience groups did not differ significantly.

Aim: Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is an effective and successful procedure but the outcome may occasionally be compromised by complications such as periprosthetic joint infection (PJI). Blood neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is a simple marker of subclinical inflammation that can be easily obtained from the differential White Blood Cell count. This study aims to to analyze the predictive ability of NLR for the diagnosis of PJI. Material and Method: Patients who were diagnosed as grade 4 gonartrosis and operated for total knee arthroplasty between years 2007-2014 were evaluated. Thirty patients with PJI were included in the study as Group I and hematological tests including erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), white blood cell count (WBC) and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) of the patients were evaluated retrospectively. Preoperative and postoperative 6th month NLR values of the patients were compared. Also 103 age matched patients operated for total knee arthroplasty with no sign of infection&nbsp; were included in the study as controls (Group II). Patients in Group I and Group II were also compared in terms of NLR. Results:Thirty patients (17 female, 13 male) were present in Group I (patients with PJI and treated with two staged revision surgery) and 103 patients (94 female, 9 male) were present in Group II&nbsp; (patients operated for total knee arthroplasty and had no sign of infection during the follow up period). NLR has been found to decrease from&nbsp; 3.2&plusmn;0.7 to 2.2&plusmn;0.5 when compared between the preoperative and postoperative 6th month period (p=&lt;0,001). NLR has been found to be 2.1&plusmn;0.7 in Group II and 3.2&plusmn;0.7 in Group I at preoperative period. (p=&lt;0,001).The value of 2.45 was found to be cut-off point for infection. Discussion:NLR can be used as marker for PJI together with the other markers as ESR and CRP to increase the accuracy of the diagnosis.

The purpose of this study is to determine how efficiently the new generation Enterprise Resource Planing (ERP) systems on management accounting practices are applied by Turkish companies and whether they have achieved the expected levels of efficiency. Findings of the research indicate that new generation ERP projects have positive impacts on planning, budgeting, reporting, analysis and modern management accounting practices and management accountants. The system provides management accountants with more time for analysis instead of routine tasks.

In our study, Total Quality Management, Occupational Health and Safety on the effects of the construction industry, building sites of Istanbul evaluated with the results of the survey of 25 firms. For Occupational Health and Safety program, walked healthy, active employees in her role increased and will increase the importance of education. Due to non-implementation of the OHS system in our country enough, work-related accidents and deaths and injuries resulting from these accidents is very high. Firms as a result of the analysis, an effective health and safety management system needs to be able to fulfill their responsibilities. This system is designated as OHSAS 18001 Occupational Health and Safety Management System and the construction industry can be regarded as the imperatives.

Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is the abnormal flow of urine from the bladder into the upper urinary tract. In the majority of cases, it occurs as a result of a primary maturation abnormality of the vesicoureteral junction. When VUR is associated with bacteriuria, the possibility of pyelonephritis with subsequent renal scars increases, theoretically as a result of bacteria being more readily conveyed to the renal parenchyma. The ultimate evaluation for renal scars is done through a cortical renal scan using technetium-99 labeled dimercaptosuccinic acid. The long term complication of VUR is nephropathy. Reflux nephropathy (RN) is defined as the formation of renal parenchymal scarring and renal function impairment induced by VUR. Hypertension, proteinuria, chronic kidney disease and end stage renal failure are well-recognized sequelae of renal scars. In this review we tried to emphasize the importance of RN which is stil a significant cause of morbidity especially in developing countries.

Acute coronary syndrome is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although acute coronary syndrome is usually the disease of people over 45 years old, a number of younger patients are also diagnosed with acute coronary syndrome. Besides atherosclerosis, non atherosclerotic causes of acute coronary syndrome should also be considered during diagnosis. In this paper, we reviewed all causes of the acute coronary syndrome in the young adults.

<p>This semi-experimental study aims to examine the impact of a learning environment that uses interactive electronic textbook on the affective learning of prospective mathematics teachers. The study group consisted of 64 prospective teachers attending the Mathematics Teaching program at Karadeniz Technical University, Turkey. For 14 weeks, experimental group received the Development and Learning course in a blended learning environment, in which an interactive e-textbook was used inside and outside the classroom. In this period, only face to face education was conducted with the control group in the classroom environment. A course attitude scale and a blended learning environment satisfaction scale were employed for the purpose of data collection. In addition, observations were conducted with both of the groups during the application. The analysis of the findings indicated that there was a significant increase between pre- and post-course attitude scores of experimental group students, the students were satisfied with the learning environment formed, and the electronic text book increased interest in the course.</p><p>Key Words: Interactive electronic textbook, prospective mathematics teachers, blended learning model, affective learning</p>

There have been lots of written works for depicting Turkishlanguage, history and culture. Divanü Lugati’t Türk which was writtenat 1073/1074 is one of the most important book of Turkish language,literature and culture. The translation of Divanü Lugati’t Türk, which isone of the works of Karahanlı Turkish period, was published by BesimAtalay in 1939 years. Divanü Lugati’t Türk, which is of greatimportance in terms of giving the word existence of Turkish until 11thcentury, has been one of the most used sources of Turculogy up to now.Karahanlı Turkish forms one of the most important periods of Turkishliterary language.Turkish is one of the most ancient languages in the world.Research on vocabulary, vocabulary building and vocabularyacquisition has an important place in historical and contemporarylinguistic studies on Turkish language. Divanü Lugati’t Türk thatmeans ‘Turkish Dialects Dictionary’, is a first dictionary of the Turkishby dialects words that is included dialects materials. Richness oflanguages evaluates by its vocabulary. Historical dictionaries are givenimportance to determine general Turkish vocabulary. Divanü Lugati’tTürk is one of the most significant works of Turkish language. Inaddition to it is a rich source points of historical progress andvocabulary of Turkish language. But, it is not always easy tounderstand the meaning and function of some culture-related words inDivanü Lugati’t Türk. Because, while translating the works aboutspoken language written in the previous periods of time, we givemeanings which best suits to our understanding of the sentence.Therefore, discussions on some words giving meaning Divanü Lugati’tTürk are still continuing.In this article, some corrections and observations of some wordsand sentences which were misread or misinterpreted in Divanü Lugati’tTürk were made. Some of these words are following: Çaxşak, Çakrak,Tas, Taz. <br> Türk dili, tarihi ve kültürünü anlatmak bakımından birçok eser yazılmıştır. 1073/1074 yıllarında yazılmış olan Divanü Lugati’t Türk, Türk dilinin, edebiyatının ve kültürünün en önemli eserlerinden biridir. Karahanlı Türkçesi eserlerinden olan Divanü Lugati’t Türk’ün tercüme yayını 1939 yılında Besim Atalay tarafından yapılmıştır. Türkçenin XI. yüzyıla kadarki sözvarlığını vermesi bakımından büyük bir öneme sahip olan Divanü Lugati’t Türk, şu ana kadar Türkolojinin en çok başvurulan kaynaklarından biri olmuştur.Türkçe dünyanın bilinen en eski dillerinden biridir. Türkçenin gelişim alanlarındaki dil incelemelerinde sözvarlığı üzerinde yapılan çalışmalar önemli bir yere sahiptir. ‘Türk Lehçeleri Divanı’ anlamına gelen ‘Divanü Lugati’t Türk’, içerdiği Türk lehçeleri sözvarlığı ile ilk Türk lehçeleri sözlüğü özelliği taşımaktadır. Dillerin sözvarlığı barındırdığı kelimelerle ölçülür. Türk dilinin genel sözvarlığının tespitinde tarihî sözlükler büyük öneme sahiptir. Divanü Lugati’t Türk, Türk dilinin en önemli yadigârlarındandır. Türk dilinin tarihsel gelişimi ve sözvarlığı açısından da zengin bir kaynak durumundadır. Fakat Divanü Lugati’t Türk’teki bazı kültür sözcüklerinin hangi anlamda ve hangi işlevle kullanıldığını anlamak her zaman kolay değildir. Çünkü konuşma dili hakkında yeteri kadar fikir sahibi olmadığımız geçmiş dönemlerde yazılmış eserleri tercüme ederken kelimeleri, cümle içerisinde bize en mantıklı gelen şekilleriyle anlamlandırırız. Bu bakımdan Divanü Lugati’t Türk’teki bazı kelimelerin anlamlandırılmasıyla ilgili tartışmalar hâlâ devam etmektedir.Bu makalede, Divanü Lugati’t Türk’te yanlış okunmuş veya yanlış anlamlandırılmış bazı cümleler ve kelimelerle ilgili düzeltmeler ve bazı tespitler yapılmıştır. Bu kelimelerden bazıları şunlardır: Çaxşak, Çakrak, Tas, Taz.

<div><p>Bu çalışma Kuzeydoğu Akdeniz’de yakalanan ve kütük balığı olarak bilinen <em>Hoplostethus mediterraneus</em> türünün total boy-ağırlık ilişkilerinin saptanması amacıyla yapılmıştır. Kütük balığına ait toplam 380 örnek (143 dişi-237 erkek) ticari trol teknesi ile uluslararası sularda yapılan avcılıkta yaklaşık 200-380 m derinliklerde hedef dışı tür olarak elde edilmiştir. Yakalanan balıkların total boy ve ağırlıkları sırasıyla dişilerde 6,4-15,2 cm, 3,4-43,8 g ve erkeklerde 6,5-12,3 cm, 3,4-23,7 g olarak bulunmuştur. Kütük balığına ait total boy-ağırlık ilişkileri tüm bireylerde W=0,013*L^2.9841, r²=0,9493 ve SE<em>_b</em>=0,039, dişi bireylerde W=0,0128*L^2.9929, r²=0,9388 ve ve SE<em>_b</em>=0,068, erkek bireylerde W=0,0131*L^2.9827, r²=0,9446 ve SE<em>_b</em>=0,047 olarak bulunmuştur. <em>H. mediterraneus</em> türünün <em>b</em> değerine göre erkek, dişi ve tüm bireylerde izometrik büyüme gözlenmiştir (<em>t</em>-test: P &gt; 0,05).</p></div>

The political relations between the Ottoman and the Spanish empires around the Mediterranean reached its peak during the 16th century. However, these two great powers were challenged by the new powers and due to this threat they abandon the struggle around the Mediterranean by the end of the 16th century. The Ottomans and the Spanish sign a truce rather than a formal peace. Throughout the 17th and the 18th centuries the Ottoman and the Spanish Empires lost their power as the primary forces in the world politics. This article aims to understand the Ottoman-Spanish Peace Treaty in 1782, and bring a comparative look to the Ottoman-Spanish relations.

Nowadays the relationship between media and politics has reached a new dimension especially with the developments in the dynamics of the societies.  Usage of entertainment elements by politicians in order to take place in the media and usage of entertaining political contents in the media have increased the importance of the entertainment in political communication. This has led to the discussions on the concept of “politainment”, a portmanteau word composed of politics and entertainment which is seen a new form of political communication. The German political scientist Andreas Dörner coined this concept to the social sciences that can be translated in Turkish entertaining politics. The main aim and objectives of this study are examining the concept of politainment, addressing the change in the relationship between media and politics as well as in the understanding of news reporting in the case of United States’ (US) one of the most popular TV program “The Daily Show”. According to the findings of the study, usage of the elements of entertainment by politicians, make them more visible in the media, creates more awareness for the messages they want to convey, and make their messages more memorable and appealing. Also the media uses various political elements to differentiate its content and make it more appealing to their audience. This has led to a symbiotic relationship between media, politics and entertainment, which is based on a mutually beneficial understanding. The Daily Show is one of the most concrete and important examples of politainment concept. The program approaches to the national and international problems critically but in an entertaining way and makes these problems more popular and therefore more debatable. Besides this, politicians are aware of the effects and popularity of this program and therefore they often participate in the program and convey their ideas and political aims to the audiences, in this way they try to gain the sympathy and support.   Özet Günümüzde medya ve siyaset arasındaki ilişki toplum dinamiklerinde meydana gelen yeni gelişmelerle beraber farklı bir boyuta ulaşmıştır. Giderek artan bir şekilde politikacıların eğlence unsurlarını kullanarak medyada yer alması ve medyanın da izleyicisine politik içerikleri eğlenceli bir şekilde sunması, siyasal iletişimde eğlencenin önemini arttırmıştır. Bu durum siyasal iletişimde yeni bir unsur olarak görülen, politika (politics) ve eğlence (entertainment) kelimelerinin birleşmesiyle oluşturulmuş, politainment kavramının tartışılmasına neden olmuştur. Türkçe’ye eğlenceli siyaset olarak çevrilebilecek olan politainment kavramı, Alman siyaset bilimci Andreas Dörner tarafından sosyal bilimlere kazandırılmıştır. Bu çalışmanın temel amacı Dörner’ın ortaya attığı politainment kavramını irdelemek, medya - siyaset ilişkisindeki ve habercilik anlayışındaki bu değişimi Amerika Birleşik Devletleri’nin (ABD) popüler TV programlarından biri olan ‘The Daily Show’ isimli program örneğinde ele almaktır. Çalışmada elde edilen verilere göre siyasetçiler tarafından eğlencenin bir araç olarak kullanılması, politikacıları medyada daha görünür hale getirmekte, iletmek istedikleri mesajlar hakkında farkındalık yaratmakta, bu mesajları daha akılda kalıcı ve çekici kılabilmektedir. Medya ise, izleyicisine sunduğu içeriklerin diğerlerinden farklılaşmasını ve daha cazip hale gelmesini sağlamak için politik içerikleri kullanmaktadır. Bu durum medya, siyaset ve eğlence arasında karşılıklı fayda anlayışına dayalı ‘simbiyotik’ bir ilişkiyi doğurmuştur. Politainmentın medyadaki en önemli örneklerinden birini The Daily Show programı oluşturmaktadır. Program, ulusal ve uluslararası sorunlara eleştirel ancak eğlenceli bir şekilde yaklaşmakta, bu sorunların popülerleşerek daha fazla tartışılabilmesine imkân vermektedir. Siyasetçiler de The Daily Show’un popülerliğinden haberdar bir şekilde bu programa sıklıkla katılmakta, düşüncelerini ve siyasal hedeflerini izler kitleye aktarmakta, bu yolla sempati ve destek kazanmaktadır.

Aim: The aim of this study was to compare the mean platelet volumes (MPV) in babies of preeclamptic and normal pregnant women and to investigate the correlation between thrombocytopenia and MPV in the babies of preeclamptic mothers. Materials and Method: A total of 63 newborns with similar gestational age were included in this retrospective study. They were divided into three groups as 21 babies of preeclamptic mothers with thrombocytopenia (Group A), 21 without thrombocytopenia (Group B) and 21 babies of normal pregnant women without thrombocytopenia (Group C). Hematologic data of the patients, obtained in the first 72 hours of their life, were achieved from their medical records. Groups were compared according to their birth weights, platelet counts and mean platelet volumes (MPV). Results: Gestastional age and birth weights of all groups were similar. The platelet count of group A was significantly lower (p<0.001). MPV seemed to increase as platelet counts decreased when the groups were compared. However no significant correlation was found between MPV and platelet counts and no significant difference between MPVs (p=0.052). Conclusion: Increase in MPV is accepted as a sign of platelet destruction and decrease as a sign of platelet production insufficiency. Our results showed that the etiology of thrombocytopenia in babies of preeclamptic mothers can not be explained with the help of MPV. (Journal of Current Pediatrics 2009; 7: 53-6)

Along with its other effects, the process of free trade is a matter of discussion on its effects on environment as well. The literature on this issue has tended to handle the relation between liberalization of trade and environment in frame of the Pollution Havens Hypothesis. This study has evaluated the propositions of the hypothesis, which state that less developed and developing countries will have more pollution-intensive industries and will experience a deteriorating quality of environment in the process of liberalization of trade, and concluded that the quality of environment in Turkey has not worsened but rather improved in this process

Urethral duplication and webbed penis are rare congenital anomalies. Urethral duplication associated with webbed penis has not previously been reported in the literature. We describe a case of incomplete urethral duplication with webbed penis in an infant and discuss the clinical and radiological findings and treatment of this association.

Objective of this study is examination of candidate musicteachers’ opinions on individual instrument teaching competence levelsand establishing their current status. Sample of this study is composedof candidate music teachers studying at the 4th class of a Fine ArtsFaculty, Music Teaching Department within a University located in theCentral Anatolia during the spring term of the 2012-2013 academicyear. This study has employed Criterion sampling method, one of thepurposive sampling methods. In selection of the candidate teachers,basic criterion has been established as being 4th graders of MusicTeaching who have taken individual instrument teaching course andcompleted their individual instrument trainings. All of the candidateteachers who are 4th graders took part in the study.This study has been a descriptive study, qualitative andquantitative research techniques have been used to support it. As datacollection means for the study, “personal information form” and openended questions have been used. According to results of study, it hasbeen observed that majority of the candidate music teachers (73.3%)have graduated from Fine Arts and Sport High School. As a result of the8-year education, half of the candidate teachers have stated that theyfind instrument training they received is enough to teach in theirprofessional life, they are knowledgeable in selection of studies, andthey can handle practices aimed at solving hardships students mayencounter. Candidate teachers list the areas where they find themselvesincompetent as selection of piece in instrument teaching, a richrepertoire that can be used for efforts aimed at the individualdifferences and deficiencies of students, measurement and evaluation inteaching and learning processes.Under the light of results of study, it is suggested that period ofinstrument teaching class lasting for 1 hour at the music teachinggraduate programs be increased, content of current classes be revisedand be edited for instrument teaching rather than instrument learning,respective literature be introduced to the candidate teachers and theybe informed about measurement –evaluation which is the mostimportant part of education-teaching. <br> Bu araştırmada, müzik öğretmeni adaylarının bireysel çalgı öğretimi yeterlik düzeyleri ile ilgili görüşlerinin incelenerek mevcut durumlarının tespit edilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmanın örneklemini 2012-2013 eğitim yılı bahar yarıyılında İç Anadolu bölgesinde bulunan bir Üniversitenin Güzel Sanatlar Eğitimi Bölümü, Müzik Öğretmenliği Anabilim dalı 4. sınıfında öğrenim gören müzik öğretmeni adayları oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada amaçlı örnekleme yöntemlerinden ölçüt örnekleme kullanılmıştır. Araştırmaya katılan öğretmen adaylarının seçiminde, adayların bireysel çalgı öğretimine yönelik “bireysel çalgı öğretimi” dersini almış ve bireysel çalgı eğitimlerini tamamlamış olan Müzik Öğretmenliği 4. sınıf öğrencisi olmaları temel ölçüt olarak belirlenmiştir. Araştırmaya 4. sınıf öğrencisi olan öğretmen adaylarının tamamı katılmışlardır.Araştırma betimsel bir çalışma olup, nicel ve nitel araştırma teknikleri kullanılarak desenlenmiştir.Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak “kişisel bilgi formu” ve açık uçlu sorular kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre müzik öğretmeni adaylarının büyük bir kısmının (%73.3) Güzel Sanatlar ve Spor Lisesi mezunu oldukları görülmüştür. 8 yıllık eğitimleri sonucu öğretmen adaylarının yarısı almış oldukları çalgı eğitimini meslek yaşantılarında öğretecek kadar yeterli bulduklarını, etüt seçiminde bilgi sahibi olduklarını, öğrencilerinin karşılaşabilecekleri güçlüklere yönelik uygulamalar yapabileceklerini ifade etmişlerdir. Öğretmen adaylarının kendilerini yetersiz buldukları konular ise; çalgı öğretiminde eser seçimi, öğrencilerinin bireysel farklılıklarına ve eksikliklerine yönelik çalışmalar için kullanabilecekleri zengin bir repertuar, öğrenme ve öğretim süreçlerinde ölçme ve değerlendirme olarak tespit edilmiştir.Araştırma sonuçları ışığında müzik öğretmenliği lisans programlarında 1 saat olarak yer alan çalgı öğretimi dersinin öncelikle süresinin arttırılması, mevcut ders içeriklerinin revize edilerek çalgı eğitimi yerine öğretimine yönelik olarak düzenlenmesi, öğretmen adaylarına ilgili literatürün tanıtılması ve eğitim-öğretimin en önemli parçası olan ölçme değerlendirme konusunda bilgilendirilmeleri önerilmektedir.

This experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of variant doses of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) essential oils (REO), vitamin E (α‐tocopheryl acetate) and antibiotic (chlortetracyclin) on the concentration of vitamin E, fatty acid composition, cholesterol levels in the yolk. In this experiment, 32 weeks old Bovans genotype and 240 white laying hens were randomly separated to six treatment groups with five replicas. While the control group was fed with basal diet the treatment groups were supplemented with 500 mg/kg antibiotics; 200 mg/kg vitamin E; 100, 200, and 300 mg/kg REO to basal diet for 90 consecutive days. The results showed that addition of antibiotics, vitamin E and REO to the diet had no effects on egg cholesterol, while fatty acid composition and vitamin E contents of the yolk were significantly affected. Addition of 100 mg/kg REO to the diet increased total mono unsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) by increasing oleic acid level but decreased Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) by decreasing linoleic acid content of the yolk. Addition of 200 mg/kg vitamin E to the diet significantly increased vitamin E content of egg. The study showed that the changes in yolk fatty acid composition and vitamin E content due to the feed additives, could affect positively in chemical composition of eggs. In conclusion, 100 mg/kg REO and 200 mg/kg vitamin E supplementation to the diet might cause high antioxidant capacity and could help to produce eggs that were more resistant to lipid oxidation.

Abiş Kekilbayev is one of the most important names in modern Kazakh literature. The author’s advanture of literature has begun with newspaper reports and short poems that he wrote in his childhood. In high school years he made a name in circle of literature by criticizing some works of well-known authors. Abiş Kekilbayev’s first book consists of selected poems. However, afterwards, he achieved to prove himself in modern Kazakh tale and novel. Especially his historical novels which treated important personalities and events of Kazakh history, took their place in the list of Kazakh literature’s basic works. In this study; a poet, an aouthor, a master of rhetoric and a statesman Abiş Kekilbayev’s life, personality and works will be introduced by giving detailed informations. <br> <br> Abiş Kekilbayev, modern Kazak edebiyatının önemli isimlerindendir. Yazarın edebiyat serüveni çocukluk yıllarında yazdığı gazete haberleri ve kısa manzumelerle başlamıştır. Abiş Kekilbayev, lise öğrencisiyken bazı tanınmış yazarların eserlerini eleştirerek edebiyat camiasına adına duyurmuştur. Abiş Kekilbayev’in ilk kitabı seçilmiş şiirlerinden oluşmuştur. Ancak daha sonra modern Kazak hikâye ve romanında kendisini ispatlamıştır. Özellikle Kazak tarihinin önemli şahsiyetlerinin ve olaylarının anlatıldığı tarihî romanları, Kazak edebiyatının temel eserler listesinde yerini almıştır. Bu çalışmada şair, yazar, belâgat ustası ve devlet adamı Abiş Kekilbayev’in hayatı, şahsiyeti ve eserleri hakkında detaylı bilgiler verilerek tanıtılmaya çalışılacaktır.

Objective: Over one hundred predictive models were defined in the past for head injury (HI) prognosis, but none of them have been widely used up to the present. The aim of this study is to predict the prognosis of isolated HI patients by simply using data from the first day after injury.Materials and Methods: Data of head injury patients in Trakya University Hospital between January 1996 and December 2006 were obtained from records. The age, gender, causes of HI, basic neurologic examination findings, radiologic findings and discharge status are examined.Results: Most of the data were simplified as absent (0) and present (1), and mortality rates for each groups were accepted weighted values. All data were processed statistically and two models were created. Model 1 with Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score predicted the mortality/vegetative event at a rate of 56.5%, and the conscious survival event at 98.7%. Model 2, without the GCS score, predicted the mortality/vegetative event at 55.1% rate and the conscious survival event at 99.2%.Conclusion: Both models could be used for informing the patient and relatives and helping them to understand the severity of HI in busy working conditions of emergency departments.

A 48 year old female presented with headache and an illusory sensation of spinning of head in respect to environment for last 8 weeks. Her head spinning or vertigo had no particular direction or not precipitated by any specific head posture. Headache is non- specific in nature and intensified in last few days.Her neurological examination revealed a central positional vertigo with horizontal gaze evoked nystagmus and ataxia. Her MRI scan brain showed the presence of a large solitary ring enhancing lesion in the left cerebellar hemisphere. The lesion was surgically excised and was examined histopathologicaliy that revealed a chronic inflammatory granuloma with caseation necrosis and multinucleated giant cells suggestive of tuberculosis.

This research has been conducted to reveal the metaphors of high school students about “climate” concept. About 108 students attending two high schools in Karabük city centre joined the research within 2009-2010 academic year. The research datum were obtained by students’ completing the sentence “Climate is like ......because........”. Phenomenology design within Qualitative Research Method’s Content Analysis Technique was used to analyze and interpret the collected datum. According to the outcome of the research high school students has created 39 different and exceptible metaphors related to “climate” concept. These metaphors were classified under 8 different conceptual categories after studied carefully with regard to common qualities. At the end of the research, It was understood that 45,45 % of the high school students has a perception that climate is a way of expressing change ,11,36 % of the those perceived that it is a way of expressing science; 10,23 % of the students perceive climate as a way of expressing life, 10,23 % of them perceived it as a way of expressing ambiguity, 9,09 % of the students have a perception that climate is a way of expressing diferentiation, 9,09 % of the students perceive it as a way of expressing requirement, 3,41 % of the students perceived it as a way of expressing natural events and 1,14 % of the students perceived it as a way of expressing continuity. <br> <br> Bu araştırma, lise öğrencilerinin “İklim” kavramına ilişkin sahip oldukları metaforları belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Araştırmaya 2009–2010 eğitim-öğretim yılında, Karabük şehrindeki iki lisede öğrenim gören öğrencilerden toplam 108’i katılmıştır. Araştırmanın verileri, öğrencilerin “İklim… gibidir. Çünkü…….” cümlesini tamamlamasıyla sağlanmıştır. Toplanan verilerin analiz edilmesi ve yorumlanması, nitel araştırma yöntemi içerisindeki olgu bilim desenli içerik analiz tekniğiyle yapılmıştır. Araştırmadan elde edilen bulgulara göre; lise öğrencileri “iklim” kavramına ilişkin toplam 39 adet geçerli metafor meydana getirmiştir. Bu metaforlar ortak özelliklerine gore 8 farklı kavramsal kategoriye ayrılmıştır. Araştırmanın sonucunda, “iklim” kavramını lise öğrencilerinin % 45,45’i değişimin ifadesi, % 11,36’sı bilimin ifadesi, % 10,23’ü yaşamın ifadesi, % 10,23’ü belirsizliğin ifadesi, % 9,09’u farklılığın ifadesi, % 9,09’u gereksinimin ifadesi, % 3,41’i doğal olayların ifadesi ve % 1,14’ü sürekliliğin ifadesi olarak algıladıkları ortaya çıkmıştır.

In children, following falling onto the outstretched hands, injuries frequently occur in upper extremities. However, among these injuries, carpal bone fractures in hands are rarely seen. Since, this form of injuries is not so common, frequently they are neglected and diagnosis is delayed. The aim of this study was to stress the significance of these rarely seen fractures, prevent the possible delays and attract attention to actual approaches in the diagnosis and treatment.

Papillophlebitis is known as central retinal vein occlusion seen in young patients. It usually presents as unilateral optic disc edema with cotton wool spots and hemorrhage in the peripapillary region. As it may be due to many autoimmune and inflammatory causes, a thorough systemic evaluation of the patient is warranted. In this case report we describe a bilateral, simultaneous papillophlebitis case thought to be related to hyperhomocysteinemia secondary to C677T polymorphism of methylenetetrahyrofolate reductase enzyme.

A 65-year-old man was admitted to the emergency department with the complaints of general discomfort, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, dysuria and shortness of breath. Type II diabetes mellitus, essential hypertension, atrial fibrillation and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were noted in his medical history. He was using metformin, warfarin and diltiazem besides inhaler medications. Laboratory test results were as follows: BUN 52 mg/dl, creatinine 2.9 mg/dl (one month ago it was 0.9 mg/dl), potassium 6.3 mmol/L, PT-INR 17.78, arterial blood pH 7.05, bicarbonate 5.3 mmol/L, partial carbon dioxide pressure 19 mmHg, and lactate level 175 mg/dl. The urine examination revealed pyuria and urinary density was 1028. The patient was considered to suffer from acute kidney injury, urinary tract infection and metformin-associated lactic acidosis (MALA). Metformin was withdrawn immediately and acute hemodialysis was planned. However, a central venous catheter could not be inserted because of high PT-INR values. Parenteral 0.9% NaCl, glucose – insulin solution infusions, sodium bicarbonate infusion as well as empirical intravenous ceftriaxone treatments were started. He dramatically responded to medical therapy and did not require any dialysis support. In the literature, hemodialysis has been proposed as the initial treatment modality of MALA. However, herein, we presented a favorable outcome without utilizing hemodialysis.

Thrombocytopenia - absent radii (TAR) syndrome is characterized by bilateral absence of the radii in the presence of both thumbs and thrombocytopenia. Lower limb involvement, cardiac, gastrointestinal, renal and genital abnormalities may also be seen in the patients with TAR syndrome. Although epilepsy, learning difficulties, intracranial vascular malformations, sensorineural hearing loss, hypoplasia of the corpus callosum and cerebellar dysgenesis as a neurological abnormalities have been reported in a few patients, there is no previous report of a patient with TAR syndrome and cerebral cortical dysplasia. Here we report a patient with TAR syndrome who suffered from focal epilepsy due to right parietal dysplasia.

The Central Anatolia Region is one of the seven geographical regions which are 151 thousand square meters of surface area and it is about 21.0% of Turkey's land area. The population rate of cattle breeds in the Central Anatolia Region is 20.4% exotic cattle breeds, 19.1% crossbred, 11.6% native cattle breeds and total 18.1% in Turkey. The Central Anatolia Region cattle population is consists of 43.9% of exotic breed, 43.5% crossbred and 12.6% the native cattle breeds. The population of exotic cattle breeds (69.5%) in Nigde province is the first place and followed by Eskisehir provinces rate of 65.6% in the Central Anatolia Region. The rate of crossbred cattle population is the highest rate (65.0%) province of Sivas and followed by Çankırı province (62.8%). Ankara and Yozgat province has the highest rate of native cattle breed 28.3% and 25.5%, respectively. The total populations of cattle breeds in Konya and Kırıkkale provinces were found maximum 518.291 cattle and minimum 45.426 cattle, respectively, in the Central Anatolia Region. The population rate of exotic and crossbred cattle breeds has increased 67.0% and 11.8%, respectively, while population rate of native cattle breeds has decreased 30.3% from 2007 to 2011 in the Central Anatolia Region. The 20.1% of sheep, 8.2% of goat and 18.3% rates of total livestock population in Turkey are in the Central Anatolia Region. The population rate of sheep and goat of the Central Anatolia Region is 20.1% and 9.5%, sheep and goat respectively and 18.3% total in Turkey. The 70.9% for Angora goats, 8.2% hair of goats, and 17.7% indigenous of sheep breeds and 66.0% crossbreed to national Sheep and Goat population has risen in the Central Anatolia Region. All of these results are evaluated, Central Anatolia Region, Turkey, the contribution of animal products grown by population of cattle and small ruminants is important and can be considered a center of attraction for investment in animal breeding

The aim of this paper is to demonstrate the need for a genuine constructive implementation of information technology in teaching practices and outline how information and technology can enhance and add to the effectiveness of differentiated teaching in mixed ability classrooms by using screening model. Along with the rapid changes in the era of information and technology around the world, education must find the best ways of utilizing new technologies in learning process, targeting to add value for learning outcomes and promote independent learning for all students. Both differentiated teaching and the theory behind the creation and use of educational software is drawn from the constructive learning theory where each person construct its own body of knowledge in interaction with its environment based and combined with prior knowledge and dexterities. Findings of this study show that differentiated instruction occurs efficiently when teachers implement ICT effectively.

Which are very important in terms of human resource management, personnel selection, it expressed as a process of determining the appropriate personnel hired to perform the work. Personnel selection, often occurs as a result of decisions made by a group decision based on the evaluation of candidates by various criteria and subjective judgment transmitter. Whereas the organization that they can gain competitive advantage and this advantage can continue, according to the right personnel for the right job it depends on the objective criteria chosen. Personnel selection problems, decision-making and be more than the number of candidates and the terms of a number of criteria involved in the decision to take effect on multi-criteria decision problems. Decisions based on personal jurisdiction includes the uncertainty. Therefore, one of the multiple-criteria decision analysis techniques in this study preferred method of fuzzy TOPSIS. In the process of recruiting a research assistant in a public university under study, which will be invited to the scientific examination of the candidates who apply, with proximity to the ranking made by calculating the coefficients for each candidate is determined based on objective criteria

Nursing; is a profession and a discipline composed of science and arts included to protect/develop human health. The basics of the Nursing profession consist of questing methods of experimental, esthetic, personal information and ethics. In our country, the method of questioning in a full sense from a scientific view started after Nursing schools were founded. With the start of masters and doctoral programs in 1968 and 1972, today countless researchers and academicians have recorded important progress in different majors.This study was planned to specify the reasons for academic nurse’s choices in Turkey on their majors and the problems they faced during this period. The survey was sent to departments relevant to nursing in Turkish state universities via e-mail. Information about the surveys was given, and those who wanted to participate did so using the internet. 78 academic personnel from 30 different state universities participated in the research. The age average of the participants was 32.5 ± 5.1, 51% were single, 32% were associate professors and 68% were educational staff. 87% of the participants have experience in health care profession. 24% of the participants have a bachelor’s degree, 27% have a master’s degree 22% have a doctoral degree from Hacettepe University. 96% of the participants are graduates of Nursing Department. 21% of the participants are graduates from department of gynecological diseases. 13% of the participants are graduates of department Internal illness nursing doctoral. 37% of the academic nurses’ reason for choosing their masters degree major is the interest in the major. 54% of the research group choose their PHD program because of its being the continuation of their masters degree.13% of the participants changed their major after their masters degree for their PHD program and this change occurred because of a nursing and/or their major program not being available in their city. 92% specified that the reason for their academic carrier is to complete their personal growth and to contribute in developing their profession. During their academic carriers, the lack of associate professors, lack of foreign language skills, not enough time for research due to being overworked, physiological stress and conflict within the office and economical problems are the main issues. As a result the problems academic nurses are facing must be resolved with definite steps; will result in developing the mission and the vision of the profession both academically and within the health system for the future.

Harlequin syndrome is an autonomic syndrome of heat, emotion and exercise induced flushing and sweating limited to one side of the face in combination with impairment of sweating and flushing on the contralateral side. Facial flushing and sweating has been named the "Harlequin Sign". This rare feature, "Harlequin Sign", represents a local autonomic dysfunction due to a cervical sympathetic deficit located at the pre or postganglionic level on the non-flushing side. Harlequin syndrome overlaps with several other syndromes. Parry-Romberg syndrome is a rare clinical entity of an unknown etiology. It is also described as progressive hemifacial atrophy. We report a nine-years old Turkish boy with asymmetrical facial sweating, flushing and hemifacial atrophy on the right side of his face. Facial flushing and sweating are induced by exercise, thermal, and emotional stimuli.

In this study, stress analysis in a toroidal ring sector with an elliptical cross section composed of two confocal ellipses is considered. Göhner's method is used in the analysis. The results obtained for the case of pure torsion is superposed with those corresponding to pure bending in order to reach to the case of combined loading.

&amp;nbsp;Aim: We aimed to assess the efficacy of topical Hypericum perforatum (HP) extract and compare with topical iodine in a rat model of thermal skin injury. Material and&amp;nbsp; Methods Wistar-Albino rats were subjected to two separate heat-induced third degree burn injuries on dorsal skin. Control group was left untreated, and treatment groups received either topical iodine or HP. Seven days later injured areas were macroscopically examined, and ulcerations were calculated. Histological indices of wound healing and expression of Transforming Growth Factor-&amp;beta; (TGF-&amp;beta;) were analyzed in each animal. Results: Treatment groups had significantly smaller areas of ulceration. We observed 23.94% reduction in iodine (p=0.008) and 42.89% reduction in HP treated rats (p&amp;lt;0.0001). Transforming Growth Factor-&amp;beta; levels were slightly reduced in HP group. Collagenisation and re-epithelization were improved in both treatment groups with significant superiority in HP group. Fibroblast proliferation was better in the same group. It was observed that iodine treatment led to higher rates of necrosis. Conclusions: We state that HP extract might be beneficial for the treatment of topical burn injury.